Home Region:  Southern India (South Asia)

Nayaks of Madurai

1529 CE 1736 CE
D G SC RG New SEA  in_madurai_nayaks
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  General Description   The Nayaks of Madurai were rulers of South Tamil Nadu. The Nayaks were originally agents of the Vijayangara Empire but came independent rulers under Visvanatha Nayaka around 1529 CE. The Nayaks of Madurai had their initial capital at Madurai but moved the capital to Tiruchirappalli from 1616 CE – 1634 CE and again from 1665 CE – 1736 CE. [1] [2] The Nayaks were responsible for temple constructions, particularly under Tirumala Nayaka who was patronized the expansion of the Minaksi-Sundaresvara temple in the capital. The Nayaks of Madurai were Shaivist Hindus and celebrated many religious festivals within their temple complexes. [3] The Nayaks of Madurai were also lucrative in trade connecting with the Dutch East Indian Company and the Portuguese. [4]
By the end of the 17th century CE, the Nayaks of Madurai were in decline and by 1736, the Nayaks were succeeded by the Carnatic Sultanate after the suicide of the last Nayak Queen, Minaski. [5]

[1]: (Sathyanatha Aiyar 1991, 2-24) Sathyanatha Aiyar, R. 1991. History of the Nayaks of Madura. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databak/collections/7F5SEVNA/items/E2S7TSI5/collection

[2]: (Pottamkulam, 2021) Pottamkulam, George Abraham. 2021. Tamilnadu A Journey in Time Part II: People, Places and Potpourri. Chennai: Notion Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/7F5SEVNA/items/25RBPDP2/collection

[3]: (Branfoot 2001, 191-227) Branfoot, Crispin. 2001. ‘Tirumala Nayaka’s ‘New Hall’ and the European Study of the South Indian Temple. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Vol 11:2. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/7F5SEVNA/items/FE5VZ76M/collection

[4]: (Vink 2015, 179-183) Vink, Markus. 2015. Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century. Leiden: Brill. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/7F5SEVNA/items/9U7MCK4E/collection

[5]: (Sathyanatha Aiyar 1991, 1) Sathyanatha Aiyar, R. 1991. History of the Nayaks of Madura. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databak/collections/7F5SEVNA/items/E2S7TSI5/collection

General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks) was in:
Home NGA: None
General Variables
Identity and Location Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 44 P Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Original Name Nayaks of Madurai Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Capital Madurai Confident 1529 CE 1615 CE
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Capital Tiruchirappalli Confident 1616 CE 1634 CE
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Capital Madurai Confident 1635 CE 1664 CE
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Capital Tiruchirappalli Confident 1665 CE 1736 CE
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Alternative Name Nayaks of Madura Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Alternative Name Nayks of Madure Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Alternative Name Nayak Dynasty of Madurai Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Alternative Name Madurai Nayaks Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Temporal Bounds Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Duration [1529 CE ➜ 1736 CE] Confident
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Political and Cultural Relations Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Succeeding Entity Carnatic Sultanate Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity continuity Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Preceding Entity
CE
continuity; Vijayanagara [continuity]    Update here
Confident
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Language Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family Dravidian Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Language Tamil Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Religion Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
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Religious Tradition Hinduism Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Religion Family Shaivism Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Hierarchical Complexity Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy [3 to 5] Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Military Level [3 to 4] Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Administrative Level [3 to 4] Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Professions Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Bureaucracy Characteristics Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Law Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Present Inferred 1529 CE  1736 CE
Specialized Buildings: polity owned Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Market Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Irrigation System Present Inferred 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System Present Inferred 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Communal Building Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Utilitarian Public Building Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
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Port Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Writing System Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Script Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Sacred Text Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Religious Literature Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Calendar Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Information / Money Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Precious Metal Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Indigenous Coin Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Foreign Coin Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Information / Postal System Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Measurement System Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Weight Measurement System Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Time Measurement System Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Military use of Metals Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Projectiles Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Handheld weapons Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Animals used in warfare Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Armor Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Naval technology Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life Absent Inferred 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers Present Confident 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain Absent Inferred 1529 CE  1736 CE
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Human Sacrifice Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Crisis Cases
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Instability Data
Power Transitions
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