Anurādhapura I
Displayed: 291 BCE
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General Description “The city of Anuradhapura is located in the North-Central Province of Sri Lanka, a semi-arid zone situated in the island’s ‘Dry Zone’ characterized by low level plains, punctuated with low granitic outcrops. Human occupation in the region is almost entirely dependent upon large-scale irrigation works, first constructed in the third and fourth centuries BCE, and heavily restored in the early nineteenth century by colonial pioneers.” [1] “Anuradhapura (377 BCE–1017 CE) was the first Buddhist city in Sri Lanka, and the great architectural edifices in this city are invaluable sources to understand Buddhist sacred architecture and landscape. The city was nominated under the world heritage list in 1982. However, apart from the Buddhist architectural edifices, agriculture and irrigation landscape are significant, encircling the city and still functioning, since they emphasize the traditional land occupation. It is understood that agriculture and irrigation landscape play a vital role through- out the history in these sacred landscapes and settlements in Sri Lanka.” [2]
[1]: (Coningham et al. 2016, 35) Coningham, Robin et al. 2016. “Reconstructing Networks of Trade and Exchange in the Indian Ocean during the Early Historic Period: Case Studies from Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka)” in Imperial Rome, Indian Ocean Regions and Muziris: New Perspectives on Maritime Trade. Edited by K.S. Mathew. London: Routledge. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/7F5SEVNA/items/REEBBEZZ/collection
[2]: (De Silva 2019, 163). De Silva, Wasana. 2019. ‘Urban agriculture and Buddhist concepts for wellbeing: Anuradhapura Sacred City, Sri Lanka’. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics. Vol 14: 3. Pp 163-177. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/7F5SEVNA/items/JIJEFKG3/collection
NGA Settlements:
| Year Range | Anurādhapura I (sl_anuradhapura_1) was in: |
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Home NGA: None
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| Duration | [300 BCE ➜ 70 CE] | Confident | |||||||||
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| Succeeding Entity | Anurādhapura II | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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Succeeding Entity
70 CE 428 CE
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Anurādhapura II (sl_anuradhapura_2) [continuity] | Confident | |||||||||
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| Degree of Centralization | nominal | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Irrigation System | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Drinking Water Supply System | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Utilitarian Public Building | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Symbolic Building | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Written Record | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Script | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Phonetic Alphabetic Writing | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Non Phonetic Writing | Absent | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Sacred Text | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Religious Literature | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Broad | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic | Absent | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement in This Life | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Certain | Present | Confident | 300 BCE 70 CE | ||||||||
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