Home Region:  Arabia (Southwest Asia)

Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan

110 BCE 149 CE
D G SC WF R
EQ 2020  ye_saba_k / YeSaRay
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
Succeeding Entity:
No Polity found. Add one here.


  General Description  
The Yemeni Coastal Plain or Plateau is the northwestern region of modern Yemen that lies between the Red Sea and the Yemeni Mountains. Beginning in the ninth and eighth centuries BCE, this region became part of a wider "Sabaean" culture region (from the name of the dominant kingdom, Saba), in which many relatively small kingdoms across south and western Arabia, as well as Ethiopia, shared the same alphabet, the same iconographic repertoire (e.g. widespread depiction of animals such as ibexes and oryxes, and use of symbols such as hands, crescents, and circles), and the same vocabulary and turns of phrases in inscriptions. [1] By this time, the influence of Saba over the region had diminished. [2]
At this time, the largest town in the Yemeni Coastal Plain was Marib, which covered an area of 100 hectares, for a population of about 30,000-40,000. [3] It is unclear, however, what the average population of a single kingdom.

[1]: (Robin 2015: 94-96) Robin, Christian Julien. 2015. “Before Himyar: Epigraphic Evidence for the Kingdoms of South Arabia.” In Arabs and Empires before Islam, edited by Greg Fisher, 91-126. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZMFH42PE.

[2]: (Korotayev 1994) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/EXB5JVFN.

[3]: (Edens and Wilkinson 1998: 96) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/HGK23ABQ.

General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.
Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k) was in:
 (110 BCE 149 CE) Yemeni Coastal Plain
Home NGA: Yemeni Coastal Plain
General Variables
Identity and Location Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Original Name Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan 110 BCE  149 CE
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Capital 110 BCE  149 CE
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Temporal Bounds Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Duration [110 BCE ➜ 149 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Supracultural Entity 110 BCE  149 CE
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Succeeding Entity EtAksm1 110 BCE  149 CE
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Preceding Entity
450 BCE 111 BCE
Qatabanian Commonwealth (ye_qatabanian_commonwealth)   [None] 
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Language Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family Semitic 110 BCE  149 CE
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Language Genus Afro-Asiatic 110 BCE  149 CE
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Language 110 BCE  149 CE
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Language 110 BCE  149 CE
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Language 110 BCE  149 CE
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Language 110 BCE  149 CE
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Language 110 BCE  149 CE
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Religion Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Religious Tradition South Arabian Religions 110 BCE  149 CE
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Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Hierarchical Complexity Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy 110 BCE  149 CE
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Professions Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Bureaucracy Characteristics Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Law Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Buildings: polity owned Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Irrigation System 110 BCE  149 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Road 110 BCE  149 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Writing System Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record 110 BCE  149 CE
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Script 110 BCE  149 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing 110 BCE  149 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing 110 BCE  149 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Scientific Literature 110 BCE  149 CE
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Sacred Text 110 BCE  149 CE
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Religious Literature 110 BCE  149 CE
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Practical Literature 110 BCE  149 CE
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Philosophy 110 BCE  149 CE
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History 110 BCE  149 CE
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Fiction 110 BCE  149 CE
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Calendar 110 BCE  149 CE
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Information / Money Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Postal System Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Measurement System Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Wooden Palisade Unknown Suspected 110 BCE  149 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared Unknown Suspected 110 BCE  149 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared Unknown Suspected 110 BCE  149 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position Unknown Suspected 110 BCE  149 CE
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Modern Fortification Absent 110 BCE  149 CE
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Moat Unknown Suspected 110 BCE  149 CE
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Fortified Camp Unknown Suspected 110 BCE  149 CE
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Earth Rampart 110 BCE  149 CE
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Ditch Unknown Suspected 110 BCE  149 CE
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Complex Fortification Unknown Suspected 110 BCE  149 CE
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Military use of Metals Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Steel 110 BCE  149 CE
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Iron 110 BCE  149 CE
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Projectiles Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Handheld weapons Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Animals used in warfare Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Armor Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Naval technology Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad 110 BCE  149 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary 110 BCE  149 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic 110 BCE  149 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life 110 BCE  149 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward 110 BCE  149 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners 110 BCE  149 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted 110 BCE  149 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife 110 BCE  149 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites 110 BCE  149 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers 110 BCE  149 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain 110 BCE  149 CE
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Human Sacrifice Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Crisis Cases
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Instability Data
Power Transitions
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