Home Region: Southern India (South Asia)

Pandya Empire

1216 CE 1323 CE

D G SC R

New SEA in_pandya_emp_3

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

[continuity; First Pandyan Empire] [continuity] Update here

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

1310 CE 1591 CE Jaffna (sl_jaffa_k) [None]

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General Description

“The Pandyan dynasty and the goddess Minakshi serve as excellent examples of the Dravidian model of kingship and of the Sankritization process. The royal Pandyan dynasty is mentioned in texts dating from the fourth century BCE and the dynastic title lasted, in one form or another through a series of families, for about 1,500 years. They were based in the dry upland interior of the Tamil-speaking region. While the Pandyans did not customarily build dams, they developed a distinctive technology of two specific types of piston valves to control water flow from the reservoir sluices.” ^[1]

[1]: (Fisher 2018, 74) Fisher, Michael H. 2018. An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/7F5SEVNA/items/MIEG8XAK/collection

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

2 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language

Religion

2 Religious Tradition

1 Religion Family

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Administrative Level

Professions

Bureaucracy Characteristics

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Symbolic Building

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

Special-purpose Sites

1 Special Purpose Site

1 Ceremonial Site

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Non Phonetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 History

Information / Money

Information / Postal System

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

Military use of Metals

Projectiles

Handheld weapons

Animals used in warfare

Armor

Naval technology

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events

6 Instability Event

General Variables

Identity and Location Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	44 P	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Original Name	Pandya Empire	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Capital	Madurai	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Temporal Bounds Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	[1250 CE ➜ 1272 CE]
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Duration	[1216 CE ➜ 1323 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Succeeding Entity	InDehl*	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Preceding Entity	continuity; First Pandyan Empire [continuity] Update here
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Succeeding Entity 1310 CE 1591 CE	Jaffna (sl_jaffa_k) [None]
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Degree of Centralization	nominal	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Language Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Dravidian	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Language	Tamil	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Religion Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religious Tradition	Hinduism	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Religious Tradition	Jainism	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Religion Family	Saivite Hinduism	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Hierarchical Complexity Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	4	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Administrative Level	5	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Professions Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Bureaucracy Characteristics Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Law Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Absent Inferred	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Irrigation System	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Symbolic Building	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Special Purpose Site	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Ceremonial Site	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Information / Writing System Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Script	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Sacred Text	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Religious Literature	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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History	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Information / Money Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Information / Postal System Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Information / Measurement System Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Military use of Metals Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Projectiles Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Handheld weapons Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Animals used in warfare Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Armor Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Naval technology Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Absent Inferred	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Absent Inferred	1216 CE 1323 CE
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Human Sacrifice Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More