General Description The Middle Ganga corresponds to the eastern portion of the Upper Ganga Plain, in the eastern part of the north-central modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and the state of Bihar. Here, we are interested in the phase of its prehistory known as the Neolithic (c. 7000-3001 BCE). Larger sites found in the wider Gangetic region dating from this time have yielded evidence for agricultural activities, including animal husbandry; moreover, one site (Chirand) has also yielded evidence for large-scale production of tools made of bone and antler, as well as of items of likely domestic use, indicating some degree of craft specialisation. The political organisation of such sites remain overall unclear, though one site in a neighbouring valley, Magahara, seems to have housed a relatively egalitarian community, judging from the similarity between houses and their arrangement around a likely cattle pen, suggesting communal ownership of livestock. No population estimates could be found for the Middle Ganga specifically, but the typical community in the nearby Vindhya region would likely have numbered around 200 people, and the region as a whole likely had a population of about 1,000. [1]
[1]: (Vikrama and Chattopadhyaya 2002: 127-132) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/U4F7KRKD/.
| Year Range | Neolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_nl) was in: |
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| (7000 BCE 3001 BCE) | Middle Ganga |
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| Original Name | Neolithic Middle Ganga | Confident | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Duration | [7000 BCE ➜ 3001 BCE] | Confident | |||||||||
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| Language Genus | uncoded | Undecided | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Settlement Hierarchy | [0 to 1] | Confident | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Market | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Irrigation System | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Food Storage Site | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Drinking Water Supply System | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Wooden Palisade | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Stone Walls Non Mortared | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Stone Walls Mortared | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Settlements in a Defensive Position | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moat | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Earth Rampart | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Ditch | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Complex Fortification | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Long Wall | unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Sling | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Self Bow | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Javelin | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Composite Bow | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Atlatl | Absent | Inferred | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| War Club | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Sword | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Spear | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Polearm | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Dagger | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Battle Axe | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Horse | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Elephant | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Donkey | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Dog | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Camel | Unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More |
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Broad | Unknown | Confident | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary | Unknown | Confident | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic | Unknown | Confident | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement in This Life | Unknown | Confident | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward | Unknown | Confident | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners | Unknown | Confident | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted | Unknown | Confident | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife | Unknown | Confident | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites | Unknown | Confident | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers | Unknown | Confident | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Certain | Unknown | Confident | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||||||||
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