Home Region: Anatolia-Caucasus (Southwest Asia)

Hatti - New Kingdom

1400 BCE 1180 BCE

D G SC WF R CC

EQ 2020 tr_hatti_new_k / TrHatNK

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

1500 BCE 1400 BCE Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II (tr_konya_lba) [continuity]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

1180 BCE 900 BCE Neo-Hittite Kingdoms (tr_neo_hittite_k) [continuity]

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General Description

The period of the Hittite New Kingdom lasts from about 1400-1180 BCE although the dynasty that created it, originating from the city Kumbnani within the Kizzuwatna polity, came to power in the mid-fifteenth century BCE. The rulers of this dynasty were the creators of the Hittite empire, which during the reign of King Suppiluliuma I (1356-1319 BCE) and his successors achieved the greatest prosperity. In the period of its greatest splendor, the Hittite king controlled up to 400,000 squared kilometers of land including the areas of Northern Mesopotamia, Syria and Palestine.
The central bureaucracy was relatively sophisticated: a Chief of the Scribes headed up the Hittite chancellery ^[1] whilst a separate administrator, the hazannu, had responsibility for the city of Hattusa. ^[2] Keepers of the Royal Storehouses were also important officials. ^[3] District governors known as Lord of the Watchtower were appointed for the provinces ^[2] whilst the conquest of Syria c1340 BCE lead to the position of viceroy being created for the important urban centre of Karkamis. ^[4] The power of the state was based on the army, which was great for the times - it had iron weapons, armor, and excellent war chariots.
During the reign of Muwattalli, Ramses II was in power in Egypt, and the war between two most powerful states in the Middle East area resulted in the first written international treaty known to us as " Kadesh Treaty ". Although this treaty was originally written in the Akkadian language, copies in Hittite and Egyptian languages were made. Around 1200 BCE, the Hittite state probably fell under the pressure of the Sea Peoples, although a few Hittite city-states in Northern Syria survived until 708 BC.

[1]: (Bryce 2002, 66)

[2]: (Bryce 2002, 16)

[3]: (Bryce 2002, 18)

[4]: (Thuesen 2002, 45)

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

7 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

2 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

2 Language

Religion

1 Religion Genus

1 Alternate Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

2 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

1 Communal Building

1 Special Purpose House

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

1 Mnemonic Device

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

1 Geometrical Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases

1 Crisis Consequence

Power Transitions

8 Power Transition

Instability Events

12 Instability Event

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k) was in:
(1344 BCE 1181 BCE)	Konya Plain

Home NGA: Konya Plain

General Variables

Identity and Location Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	36 N	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Original Name	Hatti - New Kingdom	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Capital	Hattusa	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Alternative Name	Hittites	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Alternative Name	Hittite Kingdom	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Alternative Name	Hittite Empire	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Alternative Name	Kingdom of the Hittites	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Alternative Name	Hethiter	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Alternative Name	Hititler veya Etiler	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Alternative Name	Hetyci	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Temporal Bounds Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	1240 BCE
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Duration	[1400 BCE ➜ 1180 BCE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Supracultural Entity	Hittite	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Succeeding Entity	Neo-Hittite Kingdoms	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Preceding Entity 1500 BCE 1400 BCE	Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II (tr_konya_lba) [continuity]
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Succeeding Entity 1180 BCE 900 BCE	Neo-Hittite Kingdoms (tr_neo_hittite_k) [continuity]
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Degree of Centralization	unitary state	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Language Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Indo-European	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Language	Nesite	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Language	Luwian	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Religion Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religion Genus	Hittite Religions	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Alternate Religion	Uncoded Undecided	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	[15,000 to 20,000] people	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Polity Territory	[250,000 to 350,000] km²	1,300 BCE
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Polity Territory	[300,000 to 400,000] km²	1,200 BCE
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Polity Population	[1,300,000 to 2,000,000] people	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	3	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Religious Level	4	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Military Level	[6 to 7]	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Administrative Level	[4 to 5]	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Professions Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Professional Priesthood	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Professional Military Officer	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Absent Inferred	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Merit Promotion	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Examination System	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Law Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Present Inferred	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Judge	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Court	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Irrigation System	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Food Storage Site	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Communal Building	Uncoded Undecided	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Special Purpose House	Uncoded Undecided	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Transport Infrastructure Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Port	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Canal	Absent Inferred	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Bridge	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Special-purpose Sites Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Present Inferred	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Information / Writing System Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Script	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Nonwritten Record	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Mnemonic Device	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Unknown Suspected	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Sacred Text	Unknown Suspected	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Religious Literature	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Practical Literature	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Philosophy	Unknown Suspected	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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History	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Fiction	Unknown Suspected	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Calendar	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Information / Money Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Absent Inferred	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Precious Metal	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Paper Currency	Absent Inferred	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Indigenous Coin	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Foreign Coin	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Article	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Information / Postal System Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Uncoded Undecided	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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General Postal Service	Unknown Suspected	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Courier	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Information / Measurement System Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Geometrical Measurement System	Uncoded Undecided	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Moat	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Fortified Camp	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Earth Rampart	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Ditch	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Complex Fortification	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Long Wall	unknown Suspected	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Military use of Metals Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Iron	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Copper	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Bronze	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Projectiles Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Unknown Suspected	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Sling	Unknown Suspected	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Self Bow	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Javelin	Present Inferred	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Crossbow	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Composite Bow	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Atlatl	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Handheld weapons Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Unknown Suspected	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Sword	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Spear	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Polearm	Unknown Suspected	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Dagger	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Battle Axe	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Animals used in warfare Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Elephant	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Donkey	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Dog	Unknown Suspected	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Camel	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Armor Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Unknown Suspected	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Shield	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Scaled Armor	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Plate Armor	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Limb Protection	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Leather Cloth	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Laminar Armor	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Helmet	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Chainmail	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Breastplate	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Naval technology Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Unknown Suspected	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Unknown	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Absent	1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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Human Sacrifice Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More