East Francia
Displayed: 887 CE
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General Description
The Treaty of Verdun in 843, which divided the Carolingian Empire among Charlemagne’s grandsons, marked the beginning of East Francia as a distinct entity, comprising the lands that are now Germany, along with parts of Austria and Italy.
[1]
Louis the German, one of Charlemagne’s grandsons, became the first ruler of East Francia. His reign was characterized by efforts to consolidate his rule and manage the diverse and often fractious duchies within his kingdom. The Carolingian legacy of centralized rule faced challenges in East Francia due to the strong local powers of the dukes and the ongoing threat of external invasions, particularly from the Vikings and Slavic tribes.
[2]
The Carolingian influence in East Francia was evident in its administrative and cultural institutions, which were inherited from the unified Carolingian Empire. The use of the Carolingian minuscule in writing, the promotion of Christian monasticism, and the Carolingian Renaissance’s intellectual and artistic endeavors continued to shape East Francian society.
[1]
However, the Carolingian grip on East Francia began to weaken towards the end of the 9th century, as internal divisions, succession disputes, and external pressures strained the kingdom’s unity and governance. The death of Louis the Child in 911, the last Carolingian ruler of East Francia, marked the end of Carolingian rule in the region and led to the election of Conrad I of the Franconian dynasty as king, signaling a shift in the political landscape.
[1]
[1]: Carlrichard Brühl et al., Die Geburt zweier Völker: Deutsche und Franzosen (9. - 11. Jahrhundert) (Köln Weimar Wien: Böhlau, 2001). Zotero link: JNUIX7CZ
[2]: Biographie, “Ludwig - Deutsche Biographie.” Zotero link: HHAVIEKX
| de_east_francia nominal allegiance to fr_carolingian_emp_2 |
| Latin Christendom |
| Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty |
| Succeeding: Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty (de_empire_1) [continuity] |
| loose | 842 CE 880 CE |
| confederated state | 880 CE 911 CE |
NGA Settlements:
| Year Range | East Francia (de_east_francia) was in: |
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Home NGA: None
| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Utm Zone | 32 U | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Original Name | East Francia | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Capital | None | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Alternative Name | Francia orientalis | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Alternative Name | Ostfrankenreich | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Suprapolity Relations | de_east_francia nominal allegiance to fr_carolingian_emp_2 | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Supracultural Entity | Latin Christendom | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Succeeding Entity | Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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Succeeding Entity
919 CE 1125 CE
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Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty (de_empire_1) [continuity] | Confident | |||||||||
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| Degree of Centralization | loose | Confident | 842 CE 880 CE | ||||||||
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| Degree of Centralization | confederated state | Confident | 880 CE 911 CE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Population of the Largest Settlement | [23,000 to 40,000] people | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Polity Territory | [450,000 to 500,000] km2 | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Polity Population | [3,800,000 to 4,000,000] people | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Largest Communication Distance | [800 to 850] | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Professional Soldier | Absent | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Professional Priesthood | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Professional Military Officer | Absent | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Source Of Support | land | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Market | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Irrigation System | Present | Suspected | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Food Storage Site | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Drinking Water Supply System | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Communal Building | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Utilitarian Public Building | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Symbolic Building | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Knowledge Or Information Building | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Entertainment Building | Absent | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Written Record | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Script | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Phonetic Alphabetic Writing | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Nonwritten Record | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Non Phonetic Writing | Absent | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Mnemonic Device | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Scientific Literature | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Sacred Text | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Religious Literature | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Practical Literature | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Philosophy | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Lists Tables and Classification | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| History | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Calendar | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Token | Absent | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Precious Metal | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Paper Currency | Absent | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Indigenous Coin | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Article | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Store Of Wealth | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Postal Station | Absent | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| General Postal Service | Absent | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Courier | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Fastest Individual Communication | [8 to 10] | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Weight Measurement System | Present | Confident | 842 CE 919 CE | ||||||||
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