Home Region: East Africa (Africa)

Ajuran Sultanate

1250 CE 1700 CE

D G SC R

New EA so_ajuran_sultanate

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

[Adal Sulanate] [None] Update here

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

1750 CE 1911 CE Sultanate of Geledi (so_geledi_sultanate) [elite replacement]

General Description

The Ajuran Sultanate originated in the mid-sixteenth century as a leading clan of confederated states which included the Muzzafar Dynasty of Mogadishu. The Ajuran Sultanate controlled the Shabelle valley in southern Somalia all the way to the Kenyan border. ^[1] The Sultanate’s capital was the Indian Ocean port city of Marka, which allowed for lucrative trade connections with other parts of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, India and China. ^[2] The Ajuran leader was known as the imam or emir. Below the imam were a number of governors and viceroys that helped maintain the Sultanate. By the 18th century internal resistance to Ajuran rule by various clan alliances led to the Sultanate’s decline which ultimately allowed for other kingdoms to rise in its place. ^[1] Within the literature consulted, there has been no mention of population numbers for this polity.

[1]: (Mukhtar 2003, 35) Mukhtar, Mohamed H. 2003. Historical Dictionary of Somalia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/search/Mukhtar/titleCreatorYear/items/J8WZB6VI/item-list

[2]: (Njoku 2013, 40) Njoku, Raphael C. 2013. The History of Somalia. Santa Barbara: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/U9FHBPZF/library

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

1 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Succeeding Entity

2 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language

Religion

1 Religious Tradition

1 Religion Family

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

Hierarchical Complexity

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

Law

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

1 Communal Building

1 Utilitarian Public Building

1 Symbolic Building

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

Special-purpose Sites

1 Trading Emporia

1 Special Purpose Site

1 Ceremonial Site

1 Burial Site

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

Information / Postal System

Information / Measurement System

1 Weight Measurement System

1 Volume Measurement System

1 Time Measurement System

1 Other Measurement System

1 Length Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

Military use of Metals

Projectiles

Handheld weapons

Animals used in warfare

Armor

Naval technology

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events

21 Instability Event

General Variables

Identity and Location Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	39 N	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Original Name	Ajuran Sultanate	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Capital	Marka	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Alternative Name	Ajuuraan Sultanate	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Temporal Bounds Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	[1550 CE ➜ 1650 CE]
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Duration	[1250 CE ➜ 1700 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	none	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Succeeding Entity	Gobroon Dynasty (Sultanate of Geledi)	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Preceding Entity	Adal Sulanate [None] Update here
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Succeeding Entity 1750 CE 1911 CE	Sultanate of Geledi (so_geledi_sultanate) [elite replacement]
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Degree of Centralization	confederated state	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Language Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Afro-Asiatic	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Language	Arabic	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Religion Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religious Tradition	Islam	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Religion Family	Shia Islam	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Hierarchical Complexity Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Professions Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Law Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Judge	Present Inferred	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Court	Present Inferred	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present Inferred	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Irrigation System	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Food Storage Site	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Communal Building	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Utilitarian Public Building	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Symbolic Building	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present Inferred	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Port	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Trading Emporia	Present Inferred	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Special Purpose Site	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Ceremonial Site	Present Inferred	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Burial Site	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Information / Writing System Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present Inferred	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Script	Present Inferred	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Sacred Text	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Religious Literature	Present Inferred	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Calendar	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Information / Money Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Present Inferred	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Information / Postal System Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Information / Measurement System Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Weight Measurement System	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Volume Measurement System	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Time Measurement System	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Other Measurement System	Present Inferred	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Length Measurement System	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Military use of Metals Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Projectiles Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Handheld weapons Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Animals used in warfare Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Armor Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Naval technology Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Present	1250 CE 1700 CE
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Human Sacrifice Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More