Section: Political and Cultural Relations
Variable: Polity Degree Of Centralization (All coded records)
unknown/ quasi-polity/ nominal/ loose/ confederated state /unitary state 'quasi-polity' = or 'none'. Use if, for example, the NGA is inhabited by many politically independent groups. There are four types of quasi-polity: archaeological, temporal, complex and dominant. Quasi-Polities: further information. 'nominal' = regional rulers pay only nominal allegiance to the overall ruler and maintain independence on all important aspects of governing, including taxation and warfare. (example: Japan during the Sengoku period) 'loose' = the central government exercises a certain degree of control, especially over military matters and international relations. Otherwise the regional rulers are left alone (example: European 'feudalism' after the collapse of the Carolingian empire) 'confederated state' = regions enjoy a large degree of autonomy in internal (regional) government. In particular, the regional governors are either hereditary rulers, or are elected by regional elites or by the population of the region; and regional governments can levy and dispose of regional taxes. Use this category for the more centralized 'feudal states'. 'unitary state' = regional governors are appointed and removed by the central authorities, taxes are imposed by, and transmitted to the center  

499 Polity Degree Of Centralization Records
 Polity    Coded Value / Tags   Year(s) Edit
East Francia loose 842 CE 880 CE
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East Francia confederated state 880 CE 911 CE
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Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty unitary state 966 CE 1138 CE
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Hungary Kingdom - Árpád Dynasty loose 1000 CE 1150 CE
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Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty Fragmented Period none 1139 CE 1320 CE
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Benin Empire loose 1180 CE 1428 CE
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Kingdom of Bohemia - Přemyslid Dynasty confederated state 1198 CE 1253 CE
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Hungary Kingdom - Árpád Dynasty confederated state 1222 CE 1301 CE
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Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty Fragmented Period unitary state 1320 CE 1370 CE
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Kingdom of Kaffa unknown Suspected 1390 CE 1529 CE
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Electorate of Brandenburg loose 1415 CE 1539 CE
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Benin Empire confederated state 1428 CE 1897 CE
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Kingdom of Kaffa loose 1530 CE 1897 CE
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Electorate of Brandenburg confederated state 1539 CE 1618 CE
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Kingdom of Nyinginya nominal 1650 CE 1720 CE
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Kingdom of Nyinginya nominal Uncertain 1736 CE 1796 CE
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Kingdom of Nyinginya unitary state Uncertain 1736 CE 1796 CE
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Kingdom of Nyinginya unitary state 1797 CE 1897 CE
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Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty unitary state 1454 CE  1517 CE
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Rasulid Dynasty unitary state 1229 CE  1453 CE
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Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period unitary state 868 CE  969 CE
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Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period unitary state Expert 1550 BCE  1293 BCE
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Ptolemaic Kingdom I unitary state Expert 305 BCE  217 BCE
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Ptolemaic Kingdom II unitary state Expert 217 BCE  30 BCE
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Cahokia - Sand Prairie loose Expert 1275 CE  1400 CE
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Atlantic Complex quasi-polity 2200 BCE  1000 BCE
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Beaker Culture quasi-polity 3200 BCE  2000 BCE
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Eastern Han Empire unitary state 25 CE  220 CE
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French Kingdom - Late Capetian unitary state 1150 CE  1328 CE
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La Tene A-B1 confederated state 475 BCE  325 BCE
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La Tene B2-C1 confederated state 325 BCE  175 BCE
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La Tene C2-D nominal 175 BCE  27 BCE
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French Kingdom - Late Valois unitary state 1450 CE  1589 CE
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Kampili Kingdom unitary state 1280 CE  1327 CE
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Eastern Han Empire confederated state 25 CE  220 CE
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Hmong - Early Chinese unitary state 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Jin loose 780 BCE  404 BCE
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Northern Song unitary state 960 CE  1127 CE
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Tairona quasi-polity 1050 CE  1524 CE
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Shuar - Colonial nominal 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Shuar - Colonial quasi-polity 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Old Palace Crete quasi-polity 1900 BCE  1700 BCE
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Shuar - Ecuadorian quasi-polity 1831 CE  1931 CE
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Ak Koyunlu confederated state 1339 CE  1501 CE
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Ak Koyunlu loose 1339 CE  1501 CE
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Parthian Empire I confederated state 247 BCE  40 CE
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Second Turk Khaganate loose 682 CE  744 CE
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Zungharian Empire confederated state 1670 CE  1757 CE
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Egypt - Dynasty II unitary state 2900 BCE  2687 BCE
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Chalukyas of Kalyani loose 973 CE  1189 CE
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Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period unitary state Expert 1293 BCE  1070 BCE
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Canaan quasi-polity Expert 2000 BCE  1175 BCE
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Yisrael confederated state Expert 1030 BCE  722 BCE
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Late Roman Republic unitary state Expert 133 BCE  31 BCE
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Egypt - Saite Period loose 664 BCE  525 BCE
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Egypt - Saite Period unitary state 664 BCE  525 BCE
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Spanish Empire I confederated state 1516 CE  1715 CE
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Axum I nominal 149 BCE  349 CE
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Axum I loose 149 BCE  349 CE
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Axum I confederated state 149 BCE  349 CE
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Chuuk - Late Truk loose 1886 CE  1948 CE
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French Kingdom - Early Bourbon unitary state 1589 CE  1660 CE
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French Kingdom - Late Bourbon unitary state 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Carolingian Empire I unitary state 752 CE  840 CE
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Hallstatt C loose 700 BCE  600 BCE
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Deccan - Iron Age quasi-polity 1200 BCE  300 BCE
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Deccan - Neolithic quasi-polity 2700 BCE  1200 BCE
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French Kingdom - Late Capetian loose 1150 CE  1328 CE
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Pre-Sape Sierra Leone quasi-polity 600 CE  1400 CE
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West Burkina Faso Red II and III quasi-polity 1100 CE  1400 CE
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West Burkina Faso Red IV quasi-polity 1401 CE  1500 CE
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Early Merovingian nominal 481 CE  543 CE
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Middle Merovingian nominal 543 CE  687 CE
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Anurādhapura IV nominal 614 CE  1017 CE
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Classical Angkor unitary state 1100 CE  1220 CE
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Early Angkor unitary state 802 CE  1100 CE
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Chenla confederated state 550 CE  825 CE
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Funan I confederated state 225 CE  540 CE
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Funan II confederated state 540 CE  640 CE
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Andronovo quasi-polity 1800 BCE  1200 BCE
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Saadi Sultanate unitary state 1554 CE  1659 CE
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Bamana kingdom unitary state 1712 CE  1861 CE
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Mali Empire unitary state 1230 CE  1410 CE
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Segou Kingdom unitary state 1650 CE  1712 CE
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Proto-Yoruba quasi-polity 301 CE  649 CE
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Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II nominal 1649 CE  1918 CE
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Archaic Crete quasi-polity 710 BCE  500 BCE
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Classical Crete quasi-polity 500 BCE  323 BCE
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The Emirate of Crete unitary state 824 CE  961 CE
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Geometric Crete quasi-polity 1000 BCE  710 BCE
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Hellenistic Crete quasi-polity 323 BCE  69 BCE
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Neolithic Crete quasi-polity 7000 BCE  3000 BCE
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Yehuda confederated state Expert 141 BCE  63 BCE
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Rouran Khaganate confederated state 300 CE  555 CE
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Late Xiongnu confederated state 60 BCE  100 CE
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Kwararafa loose 596 CE  1820 CE
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Allada unitary state Disputed 1100 CE  1724 CE
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Kanem-Borno confederated state 1380 CE  1893 CE
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Wukari Federation confederated state 1820 CE  1899 CE
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Neo-Hittite Kingdoms quasi-polity 1180 BCE  900 BCE
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Phrygian Kingdom loose 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early loose 1566 CE  1713 CE
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Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late loose 1714 CE  1848 CE
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Buhaya quasi-polity 1700 CE  1890 CE
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Toutswe unknown Suspected 700 CE  1250 CE
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Oyo unknown Suspected 1300 CE  1535 CE
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Monopalatial Crete quasi-polity 1450 BCE  1300 BCE
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La Tene B2-C1 loose 325 BCE  175 BCE
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French Kingdom - Early Valois unitary state 1328 CE  1450 CE
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French Kingdom - Late Valois loose 1450 CE  1589 CE
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Akan - Pre-Ashanti quasi-polity 1501 CE  1701 CE
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Ashanti Empire confederated state 1701 CE  1895 CE
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Iban - Pre-Brooke quasi-polity 1650 CE  1841 CE
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Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial loose 1841 CE  1987 CE
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Kediri Kingdom nominal 1049 CE  1222 CE
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Medang Kingdom nominal 732 CE  1019 CE
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Chalukyas of Badami unitary state 543 CE  753 CE
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Hoysala Kingdom unitary state 1108 CE  1346 CE
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Mughal Empire unitary state 1526 CE  1858 CE
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Uruk unknown Suspected 4000 BCE  2900 BCE
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Abbasid Caliphate II unitary state 1191 CE  1258 CE
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Neo-Assyrian Empire unitary state 911 BCE  612 BCE
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Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar quasi-polity 7000 BCE  6000 BCE
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Formative Period quasi-polity 7200 BCE  7000 BCE
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Susiana - Early Ubaid quasi-polity 5100 BCE  4700 BCE
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Pre-Ceramic Period quasi-polity 7800 BCE  7200 BCE
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Qajar Dynasty unitary state 1794 CE  1925 CE
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Sasanid Empire II unitary state 488 CE  642 CE
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Early Roman Republic unitary state 509 BCE  264 BCE
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Kassite Babylonia confederated state 1595 BCE  1150 BCE
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Early Dynastic quasi-polity 2900 BCE  2500 BCE
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Early Dynastic nominal 2900 BCE  2500 BCE
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Neo-Babylonian Empire unitary state 626 BCE  539 BCE
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Hawaii II quasi-polity Expert 1200 CE  1580 CE
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Ubaid unknown Suspected Expert 5500 BCE  4201 BCE
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Papal States - Early Modern Period II unitary state 1648 CE  1809 CE
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Elam - Crisis Period quasi-polity 1100 BCE  900 BCE
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Elam - Shutrukid Period unitary state 1199 BCE  1100 BCE
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Safavid Empire unitary state 1501 CE  1722 CE
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Sasanid Empire I unitary state 205 CE  487 CE
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Elam - Early Sukkalmah quasi-polity 1900 BCE  1701 BCE
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Elam - Early Sukkalmah confederated state 1900 BCE  1701 BCE
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Susa I quasi-polity 4300 BCE  3800 BCE
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Latium - Bronze Age quasi-polity 1800 BCE  900 BCE
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Latium - Copper Age quasi-polity 3600 BCE  1800 BCE
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Exarchate of Ravenna loose 568 CE  751 CE
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Exarchate of Ravenna confederated state 568 CE  751 CE
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Middle Roman Republic unitary state 264 BCE  133 BCE
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Roman Kingdom unitary state 716 BCE  509 BCE
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Early Monte Alban I uncoded 500 BCE  300 BCE
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Republic of Venice III unitary state 1204 CE  1563 CE
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Republic of Venice IV unitary state 1564 CE  1797 CE
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Ashikaga Shogunate confederated state 1336 CE  1467 CE
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Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty unitary state 1493 CE  1591 CE
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Cuzco - Early Intermediate I none 200 CE  499 CE
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Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama loose 1568 CE  1603 CE
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Japan - Initial Jomon quasi-polity 9200 BCE  5300 BCE
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Japan - Final Jomon quasi-polity 1200 BCE  300 BCE
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Warring States Japan quasi-polity 1467 CE  1568 CE
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Kansai - Yayoi Period quasi-polity 300 BCE  250 CE
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Late Formative Basin of Mexico quasi-polity Expert 400 BCE  101 BCE
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Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico quasi-polity Expert 100 BCE  99 CE
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Oneota quasi-polity 1400 CE  1650 CE
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Samanid Empire unitary state 819 CE  999 CE
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Himyar I unitary state 270 CE  340 CE
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Cuzco - Late Formative none 500 BCE  200 CE
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Sind - Samma Dynasty unitary state 1335 CE  1521 CE
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Sarazm quasi-polity 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age quasi-polity 3000 BCE  2000 BCE
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Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia loose 2000 BCE  1700 BCE
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Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia quasi-polity 2000 BCE  1700 BCE
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Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic quasi-polity 5500 BCE  3000 BCE
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Hatti - New Kingdom unitary state 1400 BCE  1180 BCE
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Hatti - Old Kingdom unitary state 1650 BCE  1500 BCE
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Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic unknown 7000 BCE  6600 BCE
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Konya Plain - Early Neolithic unknown 9600 BCE  7000 BCE
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Ottoman Empire II unitary state 1517 CE  1683 CE
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Ottoman Empire III unitary state 1683 CE  1839 CE
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Roman Empire - Dominate unitary state 285 CE  394 CE
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Rum Sultanate confederated state 1077 CE  1307 CE
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Koktepe I quasi-polity 1400 BCE  1000 BCE
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Wari Empire unitary state 650 CE  999 CE
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Orokaiva - Colonial loose 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Sakha - Early quasi-polity 1400 CE  1632 CE
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Sakha - Late loose 1632 CE  1900 CE
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Egypt - Kushite Period confederated state 747 BCE  656 BCE
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Umayyad Caliphate unitary state 661 CE  750 CE
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Fatimid Caliphate unitary state 909 CE  1171 CE
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Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic quasi-polity Expert 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Kingdom of Norway II loose Expert 1262 CE  1396 CE
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Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period quasi-polity Expert 1300 BCE  500 BCE
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Byzantine Empire I unitary state Expert 632 CE  866 CE
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Byzantine Empire II unitary state Expert 867 CE  1072 CE
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Byzantine Empire III unitary state Expert 1073 CE  1204 CE
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Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic quasi-polity Expert 6000 BCE  5500 BCE
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East Roman Empire unitary state Expert 395 CE  631 CE
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Ottoman Emirate loose Expert 1299 CE  1402 CE
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Ottoman Emirate unitary state Expert 1299 CE  1402 CE
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Ottoman Empire I unitary state Expert 1402 CE  1517 CE
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Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling loose Expert 1050 CE  1199 CE
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Cahokia - Moorehead loose Expert 1200 CE  1275 CE
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Cahokia - Early Woodland none Expert 600 BCE  150 BCE
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Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II loose Expert 900 CE  1049 CE
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Cahokia - Late Woodland II none Expert 450 CE  600 CE
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Cahokia - Middle Woodland none Expert 150 BCE  300 CE
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Cahokia - Late Woodland III none Expert 600 CE  750 CE
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Cahokia - Late Woodland I none Expert 300 CE  450 CE
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Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I none Expert 750 CE  900 CE
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Durrani Empire loose 1747 CE  1826 CE
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Ghur Principality loose 1025 CE  1215 CE
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Ghur Principality confederated state 1025 CE  1215 CE
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Greco-Bactrian Kingdom unitary state 256 BCE  125 BCE
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Hephthalite Empire nominal 408 CE  561 CE
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Hephthalite Empire confederated state 408 CE  561 CE
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Tocharians quasi-polity 129 BCE  29 CE
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Erligang quasi-polity 1650 BCE  1250 BCE
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Erligang confederated state 1650 BCE  1250 BCE
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Erlitou quasi-polity 1850 BCE  1600 BCE
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Egypt - Period of the Regions loose Expert 2150 BCE  2016 BCE
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Hmong - Late Qing quasi-polity 1701 CE  1895 CE
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Longshan quasi-polity 3000 BCE  1900 BCE
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Late Shang unitary state 1250 BCE  1045 BCE
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Tang Dynasty II confederated state 763 CE  907 CE
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Early Wei Dynasty confederated state 445 BCE  225 BCE
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Western Zhou loose 1122 BCE  771 BCE
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Western Zhou unitary state 1122 BCE  771 BCE
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Yangshao quasi-polity 5000 BCE  3000 BCE
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Neguanje quasi-polity 250 CE  1050 CE
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Egypt - Dynasty I unitary state 3100 BCE  2900 BCE
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Naqada I none 3800 BCE  3550 BCE
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Naqada II unknown 3550 BCE  3300 BCE
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Egypt - Dynasty 0 quasi-polity 3300 BCE  3100 BCE
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Carolingian Empire II nominal 840 CE  987 CE
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Ayyubid Sultanate unitary state Expert 1171 CE  1250 CE
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Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period loose Expert 1293 BCE  1070 BCE
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Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom unitary state Expert 2650 BCE  2350 BCE
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Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period quasi-polity 1069 BCE  747 BCE
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Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period nominal 1069 BCE  747 BCE
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Chuuk - Early Truk quasi-polity 1775 CE  1886 CE
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Proto-French Kingdom nominal 987 CE  1150 CE
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Proto-French Kingdom loose 987 CE  1150 CE
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Carolingian Empire II loose 840 CE  987 CE
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Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period loose Expert 1720 BCE  1567 BCE
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Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period quasi-polity Expert 1720 BCE  1567 BCE
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Hallstatt A-B1 loose 1000 BCE  900 BCE
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Hallstatt B2-3 loose 900 BCE  700 BCE
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Hallstatt D loose 600 BCE  475 BCE
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Early Merovingian loose 481 CE  543 CE
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Early Merovingian confederated state 481 CE  543 CE
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Early Merovingian quasi-polity 481 CE  543 CE
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Middle Merovingian loose 543 CE  687 CE
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Middle Merovingian confederated state 543 CE  687 CE
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Middle Merovingian quasi-polity 543 CE  687 CE
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La Tene A-B1 loose 475 BCE  325 BCE
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Final Postpalatial Crete quasi-polity 1200 BCE  1000 BCE
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Satavahana Empire loose 100 BCE  200 CE
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Shiwei quasi-polity 600 CE  1000 CE
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Majapahit Kingdom loose 1292 CE  1518 CE
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Post-Mauryan Kingdoms quasi-polity 205 BCE  101 BCE
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Hawaii I quasi-polity Expert 1000 CE  1200 CE
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Hawaii III unitary state Expert 1580 CE  1778 CE
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Hawaii III quasi-polity Expert 1580 CE  1778 CE
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Hawaii III loose Expert 1580 CE  1778 CE
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Hawaii III unitary state Expert 1580 CE  1778 CE
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Hawaii III quasi-polity Expert 1580 CE  1778 CE
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Hawaii III unitary state Expert 1580 CE  1778 CE
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Delhi Sultanate confederated state 1206 CE  1526 CE
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Early A'chik quasi-polity 1775 CE  1867 CE
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Late A'chik loose 1867 CE  1956 CE
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Gupta Empire loose 320 CE  550 CE
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Kadamba Empire unitary state 345 CE  550 CE
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Magadha - Maurya Empire unitary state 324 BCE  187 BCE
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Rashtrakuta Empire loose 753 CE  973 CE
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Susiana - Late Ubaid quasi-polity 4700 BCE  4300 BCE
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Satavahana Empire unitary state 100 BCE  200 CE
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Vakataka Kingdom unitary state 255 CE  550 CE
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Vijayanagara Empire loose 1336 CE  1646 CE
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Elam - Igihalkid Period unitary state 1399 BCE  1200 BCE
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Qatabanian Commonwealth quasi-polity 450 BCE  111 BCE
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Timurid Empire nominal 1370 CE  1526 CE
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Vijayanagara Empire confederated state 1336 CE  1646 CE
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Vijayanagara Empire nominal 1336 CE  1646 CE
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Abbasid Caliphate I unitary state 750 CE  946 CE
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Abbasid Caliphate I nominal 750 CE  946 CE
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Akkadian Empire unitary state 2270 BCE  2083 BCE
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Amorite Babylonia nominal 2000 BCE  1600 BCE
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Amorite Babylonia confederated state 2000 BCE  1600 BCE
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Elymais II unitary state 25 CE  215 CE
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Bazi Dynasty nominal 1005 BCE  986 BCE
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Dynasty of E nominal 979 BCE  732 BCE
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Second Dynasty of Isin confederated state 1153 BCE  1027 BCE
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Isin-Larsa quasi-polity 2004 BCE  1763 BCE
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Ur - Dynasty III unitary state 2112 BCE  2004 BCE
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Achaemenid Empire unitary state 550 BCE  331 BCE
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Ilkhanate unitary state 1256 CE  1339 CE
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Susiana B quasi-polity 5700 BCE  5100 BCE
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Elam - Awan Dynasty I confederated state 2675 BCE  2100 BCE
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Buyid Confederation confederated state 932 CE  1062 CE
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Elam - Crisis Period confederated state 1100 BCE  900 BCE
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Elam - Kidinuid Period unitary state 1500 BCE  1400 BCE
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Elam I quasi-polity 900 BCE  744 BCE
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Elam I confederated state 900 BCE  744 BCE
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Elam II unitary state 743 BCE  647 BCE
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Elam II confederated state 743 BCE  647 BCE
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Elam III quasi-polity 612 BCE  539 BCE
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Jenne-jeno II quasi-polity 50 CE  399 CE
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Elam III confederated state 612 BCE  539 BCE
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Parthian Empire II confederated state 41 CE  226 CE
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Seleucid Empire unitary state 312 BCE  63 BCE
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Seljuk Sultanate confederated state 1037 CE  1157 CE
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Elam - Shimashki Period confederated state 2028 BCE  1940 BCE
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Elam - Late Sukkalmah quasi-polity 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Susa II unitary state 3800 BCE  3100 BCE
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Susa III confederated state 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Susa III unitary state 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Ostrogothic Kingdom loose 489 CE  554 CE
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Ostrogothic Kingdom unitary state 489 CE  554 CE
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Rome - Republic of St Peter II loose 904 CE  1198 CE
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Jenne-jeno III quasi-polity 400 CE  899 CE
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Papal States - High Medieval Period unitary state 1198 CE  1309 CE
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Exarchate of Ravenna nominal 568 CE  751 CE
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Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity unitary state 395 CE  476 CE
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Republic of St Peter I nominal 752 CE  904 CE
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Asuka unitary state 538 CE  710 CE
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Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama quasi-polity 1568 CE  1603 CE
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Heian unitary state 794 CE  1185 CE
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Japan - Incipient Jomon quasi-polity 13600 BCE  9200 BCE
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Japan - Early Jomon quasi-polity 5300 BCE  3500 BCE
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Japan - Middle Jomon quasi-polity 3500 BCE  2500 BCE
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Japan - Late Jomon quasi-polity 2500 BCE  1200 BCE
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Kamakura Shogunate confederated state 1185 CE  1333 CE
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Kansai - Kofun Period quasi-polity 250 CE  537 CE
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Nara Kingdom unitary state 710 CE  794 CE
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Tokugawa Shogunate confederated state 1603 CE  1868 CE
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Kara-Khanids confederated state 950 CE  1212 CE
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Western Turk Khaganate loose 582 CE  630 CE
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Western Turk Khaganate confederated state 582 CE  630 CE
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Late Angkor unitary state 1220 CE  1432 CE
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Khmer Kingdom unitary state 1432 CE  1594 CE
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Jenne-jeno I quasi-polity 250 BCE  49 CE
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Jenne-jeno IV quasi-polity 900 CE  1300 CE
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Mali Empire confederated state 1230 CE  1410 CE
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Segou Kingdom loose 1650 CE  1712 CE
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Khitan I confederated state 907 CE  1125 CE
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Late Mongols quasi-polity 1368 CE  1690 CE
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Late Mongols nominal 1368 CE  1690 CE
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Second Turk Khaganate confederated state 682 CE  744 CE
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Uigur Khaganate confederated state 745 CE  840 CE
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Xianbei Confederation nominal 100 CE  250 CE
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Xianbei Confederation loose 100 CE  250 CE
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Xiongnu Imperial Confederation confederated state 209 BCE  60 BCE
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Lysimachus Kingdom loose 323 BCE  281 BCE
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Later Wagadu Empire unitary state 1078 CE  1203 CE
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Middle Wagadu Empire unitary state 700 CE  1077 CE
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Monte Alban Late I unitary state 300 BCE  100 BCE
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Monte Alban II unitary state 100 BCE  200 CE
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Monte Alban III unitary state 200 CE  500 CE
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Monte Alban IIIB and IV quasi-polity 500 CE  900 CE
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Oaxaca - Rosario quasi-polity 700 BCE  500 BCE
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Oaxaca - San Jose quasi-polity 1150 BCE  700 BCE
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Oaxaca - Tierras Largas quasi-polity 1400 BCE  1150 BCE
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Cuzco - Early Intermediate II quasi-polity 500 CE  649 CE
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Cuzco - Late Intermediate I quasi-polity 1000 CE  1250 CE
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Cuzco - Late Intermediate II quasi-polity 1250 CE  1400 CE
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Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial quasi-polity 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Inca Empire unitary state Expert 1375 CE  1532 CE
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Indo-Greek Kingdom nominal 180 BCE  10 BCE
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Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period loose 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period unitary state 854 CE  1193 CE
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Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period loose 854 CE  1193 CE
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Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period nominal 854 CE  1193 CE
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Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic quasi-polity Expert 5500 BCE  4000 BCE
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Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period quasi-polity Expert 3200 BCE  2500 BCE
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Kachi Plain - Urban Period I quasi-polity Expert 2500 BCE  2100 BCE
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Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period unitary state Expert 1778 CE  1819 CE
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Rattanakosin confederated state 1782 CE  1873 CE
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Late Cappadocia nominal 330 BCE  16 CE
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Late Cappadocia unitary state 330 BCE  16 CE
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Late Cappadocia loose 330 BCE  16 CE
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Kingdom of Lydia confederated state 670 BCE  546 BCE
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Tabal Kingdoms quasi-polity 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Early Illinois Confederation quasi-polity 1640 CE  1717 CE
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Chagatai Khanate nominal 1227 CE  1402 CE
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Khanate of Bukhara nominal 1599 CE  1747 CE
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Ancient Khwarazm quasi-polity 1000 BCE  521 BCE
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Koktepe II unitary state 750 BCE  550 BCE
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Sogdiana - City-States Period quasi-polity 604 CE  711 CE
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Timurid Empire unitary state 1370 CE  1526 CE
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Timurid Empire confederated state 1370 CE  1526 CE
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Himyar II unitary state 378 CE  525 CE
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Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty loose 1637 CE  1805 CE
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Yemen Ziyadid Dynasty loose 822 CE  1037 CE
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Early Modern Sierra Leone quasi-polity 1650 CE  1896 CE
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Electorate of Bavaria unitary state 1623 CE  1806 CE
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Nkore quasi-polity 1450 CE  1749 CE
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Kushan Empire confederated state Expert 35 CE  319 CE
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Kaabu confederated state Disputed 1500 CE  1867 CE
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Kaabu quasi-polity Disputed 1500 CE  1867 CE
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Freetown unitary state 1787 CE  1808 CE
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Futa Jallon confederated state 1725 CE  1896 CE
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Mane confederated state 1550 CE  1650 CE
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Middle and Late Nok quasi-polity 1500 BCE  901 BCE
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Whydah confederated state 1671 CE  1727 CE
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West Burkina Faso Yellow I quasi-polity 100 CE  500 CE
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Middle and Late Nok quasi-polity 900 BCE  0 CE
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West Burkina Faso Red I quasi-polity 701 CE  1100 CE
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Mossi quasi-polity 1100 CE  1897 CE
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Sape quasi-polity 1400 CE  1550 CE
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West Burkina Faso Yellow II quasi-polity 501 CE  700 CE
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Torwa-Rozvi loose 1494 CE  1850 CE
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Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì nominal 1043 CE  1911 CE
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Holy Roman Empire - Hohenstaufen and Welf Dynasties loose 1126 CE  1254 CE
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Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty confederated state 919 CE  1125 CE
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Proto-Yoruboid quasi-polity 300 BCE  300 CE
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Aro confederated state 1690 CE  1902 CE
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Sokoto Caliphate loose 1804 CE  1904 CE
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Mutapa loose 1450 CE  1880 CE
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Pandya Empire nominal 1216 CE  1323 CE
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Polonnaruwa nominal 1070 CE  1255 CE
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Dutch Empire loose 1648 CE  1795 CE
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Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II unitary state 1776 CE  1917 CE
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Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I unitary state 1614 CE  1775 CE
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Anurādhapura IV loose 614 CE  1017 CE
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Anurādhapura I nominal 300 BCE  70 CE
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Kingdom of Jimma unitary state 1790 CE  1932 CE
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Adal Sultanate confederated state 1375 CE  1543 CE
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Ajuran Sultanate confederated state 1250 CE  1700 CE
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Shoa Sultanate confederated state 1108 CE  1285 CE
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Late Formative Yoruba quasi-polity 650 CE  1049 CE
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Allada loose Disputed 1100 CE  1724 CE
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Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́ confederated state 1601 CE  1835 CE
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Igala confederated state 1600 CE  1900 CE
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Hausa bakwai quasi-polity 900 CE  1808 CE
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Foys unitary state 1715 CE  1894 CE
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Jolof Empire confederated state 1360 CE  1549 CE
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Buganda II unitary state 1717 CE  1894 CE
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Karagwe unitary state 1500 CE  1916 CE
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Burundi loose 1680 CE  1903 CE
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Anurādhapura III nominal 428 CE  614 CE
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Anurādhapura II nominal 70 CE  428 CE
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State of the Teutonic Order unitary state 1300 CE  1400 CE
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Kidarite Kingdom confederated state 388 CE  477 CE
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Achaemenid Empire confederated state 550 BCE  331 BCE
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Seleucid Empire confederated state 312 BCE  63 BCE
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La Tene C2-D confederated state 175 BCE  27 BCE
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Naqada I unknown Suspected 3800 BCE  3550 BCE
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Monte Alban Late I confederated state 300 BCE  100 BCE
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Kampili Kingdom nominal 1280 CE  1327 CE
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Kalingga Kingdom uncoded 500 CE  732 CE
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Magadha - Sunga Empire uncoded 187 BCE  65 BCE
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Mongol Empire uncoded 1206 CE  1270 CE
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Yemen - Era of Warlords uncoded 1038 CE  1174 CE
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Badarian unknown Suspected 4400 BCE  3800 BCE
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Anglo-Saxon England I quasi-polity 410 CE  926 CE
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Tang Dynasty I unitary state Expert 617 CE  763 CE
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Ayyubid Sultanate unitary state Expert 1171 CE  1250 CE
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Ayyubid Sultanate loose Expert 1171 CE  1250 CE
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Egypt - Middle Kingdom unitary state Expert 2016 BCE  1700 BCE
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Egypt - Late Old Kingdom loose Expert 2350 BCE  2150 BCE
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Egypt - Late Old Kingdom unitary state Expert 2350 BCE  2150 BCE
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Egypt - Period of the Regions nominal Expert 2150 BCE  2016 BCE
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Egypt - Period of the Regions unitary state Expert 2150 BCE  2016 BCE
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Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period nominal Expert 1720 BCE  1567 BCE
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New Palace Crete quasi-polity 1700 BCE  1450 BCE
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Postpalatial Crete quasi-polity 1300 BCE  1200 BCE
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Prepalatial Crete quasi-polity 3000 BCE  1900 BCE
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Mataram Sultanate loose Expert 1568 CE  1755 CE
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Icelandic Commonwealth nominal Expert 930 CE  1262 CE
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Papal States - High Medieval Period loose 1198 CE  1309 CE
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Papal States - High Medieval Period confederated state 1198 CE  1309 CE
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Papal States - High Medieval Period nominal 1198 CE  1309 CE
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Papal States - Early Modern Period I unitary state 1527 CE  1648 CE
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Papal States - Renaissance Period loose 1378 CE  1527 CE
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Roman Empire - Principate unitary state Expert 31 BCE  284 CE
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Phoenician Empire quasi-polity Expert 1200 BCE  332 BCE
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Early Mongols quasi-polity Expert 1000 CE  1206 CE
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Monte Alban V quasi-polity Expert 900 CE  1520 CE
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Early Formative Basin of Mexico quasi-polity Expert 1200 BCE  801 BCE
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Middle Formative Basin of Mexico quasi-polity Expert 800 BCE  401 BCE
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Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic quasi-polity Expert 7500 BCE  5500 BCE
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Kachi Plain - Urban Period II quasi-polity Expert 2100 BCE  1800 BCE
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Sabaean Commonwealth quasi-polity Expert 800 BCE  451 BCE
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Western Jin unitary state 265 CE  317 CE
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Jin Dynasty unitary state 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Holy Roman Empire - Fragmented Period loose 1255 CE  1453 CE
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British Empire I loose 1690 CE  1849 CE
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Norman England confederated state 1066 CE  1153 CE
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British Empire II loose 1850 CE  1968 CE
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Great Ming unitary state 1368 CE  1644 CE
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Northern Wei unitary state 386 CE  534 CE
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Early Qing unitary state 1644 CE  1796 CE
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Late Qing unitary state 1796 CE  1912 CE
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Sui Dynasty unitary state 581 CE  618 CE
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Western Han Empire unitary state 202 BCE  9 CE
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Great Yuan unitary state 1271 CE  1368 CE
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Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period unitary state 404 BCE  342 BCE
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Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I unitary state 1260 CE  1348 CE
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Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III unitary state 1412 CE  1517 CE
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Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II unitary state 1348 CE  1412 CE
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