Home Region: Arabia (Southwest Asia)

Yemen - Era of Warlords

1038 CE 1174 CE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 ye_warlords / YeWarLd

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

822 CE 1037 CE Yemen Ziyadid Dynasty (ye_ziyad_dyn) [continuity]

Succeeding Entity:

No Polity found. Add one here.

General Description

The Era of the Warlords was a quasi-polity that existed in Tihama coastal plains between 1067 and 1091 CE, primarily characterized by a two-power tension between the Najahid dynasty and the Sulayhid dynasty. The Najahid dynasty was founded by two former slaves of the predated Ziyadid dynasty, while the Sulyahids occupied the highlands until their ruler ‘Ali bin Mahdi brought a denouement to the Najahid power in the mid-12th century. ^[1] In 1086 CE, Mukarram of the Sulyahids instituted a new coinage called “Maliki Dinars.” ^[2] When the Najahid rulers were driven out into refuge, many plotted their return to take back their territory in Tihama, but were defeated at the end. ^[3]
No population estimates could be found in the consulted literature; however, the polity territory was estimated to be between 250,000 and 350,000 square kilometers. ^[4]
The settlement hierarchy was between three- and five-tiered with a capital followed by towns and villages. The administrative levels were between four and five, with the political organization headed by a king and queen and followed by court and provincial governments. ^[5]

[1]: (McLaughlin 2007, 159) Daniel McLaughlin. 2007. Yemen. Bradt Travel Guides Ltd. Chalfont St Peter

[2]: (van Donzel 1994, 427) E J van Donzel. 1994. Islamic Desk Reference. BRILL. Leiden.

[3]: (Margariti 2013, 216) Roxani Margariti. An Ocean of Islamds: Islands, Insularity, and Historiography of the Indian Ocean. Peter N Miller ed. 2013. The Sea: Thalassography and Historiography. University of Michigan Press. Ann Arbor.

[4]: (Stookey 1978, 99) Robert W Stookey. 1978. Yemen: The Politics of the Yemen Arab Republic. Westview Press. Boulder.

[5]: (Stookey 1978, 65-74) Robert W Stookey. 1978. Yemen: The Politics of the Yemen Arab Republic. Westview Press. Boulder.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

2 Capital

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

1 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language

Religion

1 Religion Genus

1 Religion Family

1 Religion

1 Alternate Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Polity Territory

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

Law

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

Transport Infrastructure

Special-purpose Sites

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Non Phonetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords) was in:
(1038 CE 1174 CE)	Yemeni Coastal Plain

Home NGA: Yemeni Coastal Plain

General Variables

Identity and Location Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	38 P	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Original Name	Era of the War Lords	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Capital	Sanaa	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Capital	Dhu Jibla	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Temporal Bounds Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	[1067 CE ➜ 1091 CE]
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Duration	[1038 CE ➜ 1174 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	nominal allegiance to [---]	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Succeeding Entity	EgAyyub	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Preceding Entity 822 CE 1037 CE	Yemen Ziyadid Dynasty (ye_ziyad_dyn) [continuity]
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Degree of Centralization	uncoded	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Language Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Afro-Asiatic	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Language	Arabic	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Religion Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religion Genus	Ismaili	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Religion Family	Shia	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Religion	Islam	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Alternate Religion	Uncoded Undecided	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Polity Territory	[250,000 to 350,000] km²	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	[3 to 5]	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Religious Level	[3 to 4]	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Military Level	- Undecided	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Administrative Level	[4 to 5]	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Professions Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Law Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Judge	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Irrigation System	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Food Storage Site	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Special-purpose Sites Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Information / Writing System Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Script	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Sacred Text	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Religious Literature	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Practical Literature	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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History	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Fiction	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Calendar	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Information / Money Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Indigenous Coin	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Foreign Coin	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Article	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Information / Postal System Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Courier	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Information / Measurement System Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Unknown Suspected	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Moat	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Fortified Camp	Unknown Suspected	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Earth Rampart	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Ditch	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Complex Fortification	Unknown Suspected	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Long Wall	unknown Suspected	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Military use of Metals Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Iron	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Copper	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Bronze	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Projectiles Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Sling	Unknown Suspected	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Self Bow	Unknown Suspected	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Javelin	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Crossbow	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Composite Bow	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Atlatl	Absent	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Handheld weapons Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Sword	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Spear	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Polearm	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Dagger	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Battle Axe	Unknown Suspected	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Animals used in warfare Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Elephant	Absent Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Donkey	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Camel	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Armor Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Shield	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Scaled Armor	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Plate Armor	Absent Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Limb Protection	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Leather Cloth	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Laminar Armor	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Helmet	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Chainmail	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Breastplate	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Naval technology Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Unknown Suspected	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Present Inferred	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Present	1038 CE 1174 CE
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Human Sacrifice Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More