Home Region: Anatolia-Caucasus (Southwest Asia)

Lysimachus Kingdom

323 BCE 281 BCE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 tr_lysimachus_k / TrLysim

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

330 BCE 312 BCE Macedonian Empire (gr_macedonian_emp) [continuity]

Succeeding Entity:

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General Description

The Thracian kingdom under Lysimachus constituted only a short period in the history of the area. The Odrysian Kingdom was present in Thrace before it was conquered by Philip II, then ruled by Alexander the Great until his death in 323 BCE. Lysimachus, one of Alexander’s Successors, took over governorship of the area and eventually declared himself king in 306 BCE. Lysimachus ruled with an expansionist policy, and extended the kingdom to its furthest reaches by around 300 BCE. ^[1] His reign was however, very short lived. He was defeated at the Battle of Corupedium by Seleucus (ruler of the Seleucid Empire) in 281 BCE and his territories became part of the Seleucid Empire.
The evidence of Lysimachus’ reign is very limited and, “There is almost no direct information as to Lysimachus’ administration, nor do we know the site of his headquarters before Lysimacheia’s walls rose in 309 BCE.” ^[2] There is however a certain amount of continuity with the Odrysian Kingdom before the Macedonain conquest which may provide some proxy information on Thrace under Lysimachus. In addition, there is some evidence that Thracian rulers continued to rule under or with Lysimachus, although the exact nature of their relationship is not clear. The earlier reigns of Philip II and Alexander, and the subsequent reign of Seleucus, have not been coded on this page as those polities have separate pages. It was only under Lysimachus that the area was ruled relatively independently, and only during this time that the boundaries were extended to include the Konya Plain.

[1]: (Dimitrov 2011, 13) K Dimitrov. 2011. Economic, Social and Political Structures on the Territory of the Odrysian Kingdom in Thrace (5th - first half of the 3rd century BC). ORPHEUS. Journal of IndoEuropean and Thracian Studies. 18, p. 4-24.

[2]: (Lund 1992, 21) H S Lund. 1992. Lysimachus: A study in early Hellenistic kingship. Routledge: London and New York.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

1 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

3 Suprapolity Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

1 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language

Religion

1 Religion Genus

1 Alternate Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

1 Mnemonic Device

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

1 Debt And Credit Structure

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

Military use of Metals

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Dagger

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events

3 Instability Event

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k) was in:
(300 BCE 282 BCE)	Konya Plain

Home NGA: Konya Plain

General Variables

Identity and Location Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	35 T	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Original Name	Kingdom of Lysimachus	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Capital	Lysimacheia	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Alternative Name	Thrace	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Temporal Bounds Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	[306 BCE ➜ 281 BCE]
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Duration	[323 BCE ➜ 281 BCE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	vassalage to [---]	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Suprapolity Relations	personal union with [---]	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Suprapolity Relations	alliance with [---]	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Supracultural Entity	Greek	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Succeeding Entity	Seleucid Empire	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Preceding Entity 330 BCE 312 BCE	Macedonian Empire (gr_macedonian_emp) [continuity]
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Degree of Centralization	loose	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Language Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Indo-European	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Language	Greek	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Religion Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religion Genus	Hellenistic Religions	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Alternate Religion	Uncoded Undecided	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	- Undecided	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Polity Territory	420,000 km²	300 BCE
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Polity Population	[2,000,000 to 3,000,000] people	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	3	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Religious Level	2	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Military Level	[5 to 7]	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Administrative Level	4	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Professions Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Professional Priesthood	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Professional Military Officer	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Merit Promotion	Unknown Suspected	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Examination System	Unknown Suspected	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Law Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Uncoded Undecided	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Judge	Uncoded Undecided	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Formal Legal Code	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Court	Uncoded Undecided	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Irrigation System	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Food Storage Site	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Transport Infrastructure Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Port	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Canal	Uncoded Undecided	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Bridge	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Special-purpose Sites Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Information / Writing System Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Script	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Nonwritten Record	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Mnemonic Device	Uncoded Undecided	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Sacred Text	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Religious Literature	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Practical Literature	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Philosophy	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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History	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Fiction	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Calendar	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Information / Money Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Uncoded Undecided	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Precious Metal	Uncoded Undecided	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Paper Currency	Absent Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Indigenous Coin	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Foreign Coin	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Article	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Debt And Credit Structure	Uncoded Undecided	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Information / Postal System Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Uncoded Undecided	323 BCE 281 BCE
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General Postal Service	Absent Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Courier	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Information / Measurement System Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Unknown Suspected	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Moat	Unknown Suspected	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Fortified Camp	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Earth Rampart	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Ditch	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Complex Fortification	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Military use of Metals Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Iron	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Copper	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Bronze	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Projectiles Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Unknown Suspected	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Sling Siege Engine	Unknown Suspected	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Sling	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Self Bow	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Javelin	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Crossbow	Absent Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Composite Bow	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Atlatl	Absent Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Handheld weapons Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Sword	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Spear	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Dagger	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Animals used in warfare Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Armor Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Shield	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Scaled Armor	Unknown Suspected	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Plate Armor	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Limb Protection	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Leather Cloth	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Laminar Armor	Unknown Suspected	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Helmet	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Chainmail	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Breastplate	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Naval technology Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Present Inferred	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Absent	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Absent	323 BCE 281 BCE
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Human Sacrifice Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More