Home Region:  Maritime Southeast Asia (Southeast Asia)

Kalingga Kingdom

500 CE 732 CE
D G SC WF EQ 2020  id_kalingga_k / IdKalin
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
400 BCE 500 CE Java - Buni Culture (id_buni)    [None]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.
732 CE 1019 CE Medang Kingdom (id_medang_k)    [continuity]


  General Description   Kalingga, or Ho-ling, is a rather enigmatic polity that seems to be mostly known through contemporary Chinese documents. According to these annals, Kalingga was one of two Javanese coastal centres that interacted with the T’ang court in the fifth century CE, the other one being Ho-lo-tan, in the Tarum basin. [1] A North Indian Buddhist monk named Gunavarman wrote about his visit to Kalingga in 422, and we know that the polity sent envoys to China in 430, 440, and in the 640s and 660s. [1] [2] According to Chinese records, by the seventh century, Kalingga had expanded inland, and counted twenty-eight small polities as its allies. [3]
Population and political organization
Kalingga was likely a monarchy, [2] but overall the sources are silent on the exact details of its political organization. Similarly, no population estimates could be found in the specialist literature.

[1]: (Tarling 1993, 203)

[2]: (Hall 2011, 106)

[3]: (Hall 2011, 122)

General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k) was in:
 (500 CE 731 CE)   Central Java
Home NGA: Central Java
General Variables
Identity and Location Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 49 M Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Original Name Kalingga Kingdom Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Alternative Name Ho-ling Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Temporal Bounds Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Duration [500 CE ➜ 732 CE] Confident
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Political and Cultural Relations Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Suprapolity Relations none Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Succeeding Entity Medang Kingdom Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Preceding Entity
400 BCE 500 CE
Java - Buni Culture (id_buni)   [None]  Confident
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Succeeding Entity
732 CE 1019 CE
Medang Kingdom (id_medang_k)   [continuity]  Confident
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Degree of Centralization uncoded Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Language Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family Indo-European Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Language Sanskrit Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Religion Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Religion Genus Ancient Javanese Religions Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Alternate Religion Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Population of the Largest Settlement - Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy [1 to 2] Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Religious Level [1 to 2] Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Administrative Level [3 to 4] Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Professions Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Priesthood Present Inferred 500 CE  732 CE
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Source Of Support uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Government Building Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Merit Promotion Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Examination System Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Law Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Lawyer Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Judge Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
Court Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Market Present Inferred 500 CE  732 CE
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Irrigation System Present Inferred 500 CE  732 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Port Present Inferred 500 CE  732 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Writing System Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record Present Inferred 500 CE  732 CE
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Script Present Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing Present Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing Absent Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Mnemonic Device Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Scientific Literature Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Sacred Text Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Religious Literature Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Practical Literature Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Philosophy Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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History Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Fiction Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Information / Money Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Paper Currency Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Indigenous Coin Absent Inferred 500 CE 699 CE
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Indigenous Coin Present Confident Uncertain 700 CE 732 CE
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Indigenous Coin Absent Confident Uncertain 700 CE 732 CE
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Article Present Inferred 500 CE  732 CE
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Information / Postal System Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Measurement System Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Weight Measurement System Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Volume Measurement System Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Time Measurement System Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Length Measurement System Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Geometrical Measurement System Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Area Measurement System Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wooden Palisade Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Modern Fortification Absent Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Moat Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Fortified Camp Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Earth Rampart Present Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Ditch Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Complex Fortification Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Military use of Metals Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Steel Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Iron Present Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Copper Present Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Bronze Present Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Projectiles Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Tension Siege Engine Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Sling Siege Engine Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Sling Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Self Bow Present Inferred 500 CE  732 CE
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Javelin Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Handheld Firearm Absent Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery Absent Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Crossbow Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Composite Bow Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Atlatl Absent Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Handheld weapons Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
War Club Present Inferred 500 CE  732 CE
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Sword Present Inferred 500 CE  732 CE
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Spear Present Inferred 500 CE  732 CE
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Polearm Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Dagger Present Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Battle Axe Present Inferred 500 CE  732 CE
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Animals used in warfare Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Horse Present Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Elephant Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Donkey Absent Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Dog Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Camel Absent Confident 500 CE  732 CE
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Armor Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wood Bark Etc Present Inferred 500 CE  732 CE
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Shield Present Inferred 500 CE  732 CE
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Scaled Armor Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Plate Armor Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Limb Protection Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Leather Cloth Present Inferred 500 CE  732 CE
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Laminar Armor Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Helmet Present Inferred 500 CE  732 CE
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Chainmail Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Breastplate Unknown Suspected 500 CE  732 CE
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Naval technology Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Human Sacrifice Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Crisis Cases
View all Crisis Cases
Instability Data
Power Transitions
View all Power Transitions