Home Region: Maritime Southeast Asia (Southeast Asia)

Kediri Kingdom

1049 CE 1222 CE

D G SC WF R CC

EQ 2020 id_kediri_k / IdKedir

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

[continuity; Kahuripan Kingdom] [continuity] Update here

Succeeding Entity:

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General Description

The kingdom of Kediri ruled over a territory roughly corresponding to the modern-day province of East Java, at least based on the locations where its rulers’ inscriptions have been found. ^[1] Midway through the eleventh century CE, the Javanese monarch Airlangga split his realm into two smaller kingdoms, each to be ruled by one of his sons: one of these kingdoms was likely Kediri ^[2] . The latter rapidly overshadowed its "twin": it was the first Indonesian kingdom to develop stratified territorial administration, it became known for the organization of its armed forces, and it even introduced bureaucratic officials specifically tasked with the management of the polity’s water resources. ^[1] Kediri does not appear to have collapsed: rather, in the early thirteenth century, the cente of power shifted to Singhasari, with the foundation of a new dynasty. ^[3]
Population and political organization
Kediri was ruled by a king, who was assisted by bureaucratic officials. Moreover, as already mentioned, Kediri was the first known Indonesian state to develop stratified territorial administration: more specifically, the polity was organized into three levels, the village, the cluster of villages, and the state. ^[1] This suggests that there were officials in charge of administrating both village clusters and individual villages.
According to McEvedy and Jones, ^[4] Indonesia had a population of four million in 1100 CE. Given the fact that Kediri occupied a small portion of the archipelago, it seems reasonable to infer a population size of a few hundred thousands.

[1]: (Sedwayati in Ooi 2004 (b), 707)

[2]: (Sedyawati in Ooi 2004 (a), 134)

[3]: (Sedwayati in Ooi 2004 (c), 1208)

[4]: (McEvedy and Jones 1978, 196-201) McEvedy, Colin. Jones, Richard. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Penguin Books Ltd. London.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

2 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

1 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

2 Linguistic Family

2 Language

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Polity Territory

2 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

1 Knowledge Or Information Building

1 Entertainment Building

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Religious Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

1 Debt And Credit Structure

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

Information / Measurement System

1 Geometrical Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases

1 Crisis Consequence

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events

1 Instability Event

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k) was in:
(1049 CE 1222 CE)	Central Java

Home NGA: Central Java

General Variables

Identity and Location Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	49 M	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Original Name	Kediri Kingdom	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Capital	Kediri	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Alternative Name	Pangjalu	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Alternative Name	Kadiri	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Temporal Bounds Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Duration	[1049 CE ➜ 1222 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Succeeding Entity	Singhasari Kingdom	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Preceding Entity	continuity; Kahuripan Kingdom [continuity] Update here
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Degree of Centralization	nominal	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Language Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Indo-European	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Linguistic Family	Austronesian	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Language	Sanskrit	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Language	Old Javanese	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Religion Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Polity Territory	[50,000 to 70,000] km²	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Polity Population	[200,000 to 300,000] people	1100 CE
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Polity Population	[250,000 to 350,000] people	1200 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	3	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Religious Level	3	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Military Level	5	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Administrative Level	[4 to 5]	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Professions Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present Inferred	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Present Inferred	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Merit Promotion	Uncoded Undecided	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Law Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Uncoded Undecided	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Judge	Uncoded Undecided	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Court	Present Inferred	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Irrigation System	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Food Storage Site	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Absent Inferred	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Knowledge Or Information Building	Uncoded Undecided	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Entertainment Building	Uncoded Undecided	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Canal	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Bridge	- Undecided	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Information / Writing System Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Script	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Uncoded Undecided	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Religious Literature	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Philosophy	Uncoded Undecided	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Uncoded Undecided	1049 CE 1222 CE
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History	Uncoded Undecided	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Fiction	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Calendar	Uncoded Undecided	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Information / Money Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Uncoded Undecided	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Precious Metal	Uncoded Undecided	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Foreign Coin	Uncoded Undecided	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Article	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Debt And Credit Structure	Uncoded Undecided	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Information / Postal System Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Uncoded Undecided	1049 CE 1222 CE
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General Postal Service	Uncoded Undecided	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Information / Measurement System Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Geometrical Measurement System	Uncoded Undecided	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Unknown Suspected	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Unknown Suspected	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Absent Inferred	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Moat	Present Inferred	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Fortified Camp	Unknown Suspected	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Earth Rampart	Present Inferred	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Ditch	Present Inferred	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Complex Fortification	Unknown Suspected	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Military use of Metals Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Unknown Suspected	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Iron	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Copper	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Bronze	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Projectiles Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Unknown Suspected	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Unknown Suspected	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Sling	Absent Inferred	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Self Bow	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Javelin	Unknown Suspected	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Crossbow	Unknown Suspected	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Composite Bow	Unknown Suspected	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Atlatl	Absent	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Handheld weapons Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Sword	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Spear	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Polearm	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Dagger	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Battle Axe	Present Inferred	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Animals used in warfare Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Elephant	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Donkey	Absent	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Dog	Absent	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Camel	Absent	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Armor Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Present Inferred	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Shield	Present Inferred	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Scaled Armor	Unknown Suspected	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Plate Armor	Unknown Suspected	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Limb Protection	Unknown Suspected	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Leather Cloth	Present Inferred	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Laminar Armor	Unknown Suspected	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Helmet	Present Inferred	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Chainmail	Present Inferred	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Breastplate	Unknown Suspected	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Naval technology Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Present Inferred	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Absent Inferred	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Absent Inferred	1049 CE 1222 CE
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Human Sacrifice Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More