Home Region:  Southern South Asia (South Asia)

Early Pandyas

300 BCE 300 CE
D G SC New SEA  in_pandya_emp_1
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
1200 BCE 300 BCE Deccan - Iron Age (in_deccan_ia)    [None]

Succeeding Entity:
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Displayed: 291 BCE

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  General Description   The Early Pandyas were a southern kingdom in Tamil Nadu and part of the three ruling kingdoms of Early Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas who ruled over Tamilakam in the late last millennium BCE and early first millennium CE. [1] The Early Pandyas had their capital at Madurai and their main port at Korkai. [2]
The Early Pandyas were founders and supporters of the great Tamil literary and educational academies called ‘Sangam’ which is where the Sangam Age or Period originates from. [3] The Early Pandyas were Hindu Shiavists but Jainism and Buddhism were also present within the kingdom. [4] [5]
By the 3rd century CE, all three ruling Sangam kingdoms become feudatories to the Kalabhra Dynasty.

[1]: (Abraham 2003) Abraham, Shinu A. 2003. ‘Chera, Chola, Pandya: Using Archaeological Evidence to Identify the Tamil Kingdoms of Early Historic South India’. Asian Perspectives 42 (2): 207–23. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/MIRRQD2C/

[2]: (Agnihotri 1988, 351) Agnihotri, V.K. 1988. Indian History. New Delhi: Allied Publishers Pvt. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/7F5SEVNA/items/PNX9XBJQ/collection

[3]: (Dikshitar 1941, 152-153) Dikshitar, Ranachandra. 1941. ‘The Sangam Age’ Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. Vol. 5. Pp 152-161. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/7F5SEVNA/items/FG8Q2SFG/collection

[4]: (Danielou, 2003) Danielou, Alain. 2003. A Brief History of India. New York: Simon and Schuster. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/7F5SEVNA/items/WFMTGQJ8/collection

[5]: (Agnihotri 1988, 361) Agnihotri, V.K. 1988. Indian History. New Delhi: Allied Publishers Pvt. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/7F5SEVNA/items/PNX9XBJQ/collection

General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1) was in:
Home NGA: None
General Variables
Identity and Location Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 44 P Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Original Name Early Pandyas Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Capital Madurai Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Alternative Name Sangam Period Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Alternative Name Sangam Age Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Temporal Bounds Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Duration [600 BCE ➜ 300 CE] Confident Disputed
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Duration [600 BCE ➜ 200 CE] Confident Disputed
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Political and Cultural Relations Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Succeeding Entity Kalabhra Dynasty Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Preceding Entity
1200 BCE 300 BCE
Deccan - Iron Age (in_deccan_ia)   [None]  Confident
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Language Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family Dravidian Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Language Old Tamil Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Religion Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
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Religious Tradition Hinduism Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Religious Tradition Buddhism Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Religious Tradition Jainism Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Religion Family Shaivism Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Hierarchical Complexity Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy [3 to 5] Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Military Level 4 Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Administrative Level 4 Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Professions Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Soldier Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Professional Military Officer Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Law Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Lawyer Absent Inferred 300 BCE  300 CE
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Present Inferred 300 BCE  300 CE
Specialized Buildings: polity owned Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Market Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Irrigation System Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Communal Building Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Utilitarian Public Building Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Knowledge Or Information Building Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Road Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Port Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
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Trading Emporia Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Special Purpose Site Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Information / Writing System Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Script Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Sacred Text Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Religious Literature Present Inferred 300 BCE  300 CE
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Practical Literature Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Calendar Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Information / Money Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
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Precious Metal Present Inferred 300 BCE  300 CE
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Indigenous Coin Present Inferred 300 BCE  300 CE
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Foreign Coin Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Information / Postal System Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Measurement System Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Weight Measurement System Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Time Measurement System Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Length Measurement System Present Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Military use of Metals Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Projectiles Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Handheld weapons Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Animals used in warfare Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Armor Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Naval technology Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Human Sacrifice Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Crisis Cases
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Instability Data
Power Transitions
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