Home Region: North India (South Asia)

Chalcolithic Middle Ganga

3000 BCE 601 BCE

D G SC WF

EQ 2020 in_ganga_ca / InGangC

Preceding Entity:

No Polity found. Add one here.

Succeeding Entity:

No Polity found. Add one here.

General Description

The Middle Ganga corresponds to the eastern portion of the Upper Ganga Plain, in the eastern part of the north-central modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and the state of Bihar. Here, we are interested in the phase of its prehistory known as the Chalcolithic (c. 3000-6001 BCE). Overall, there is not much to suggest that the transition from the Neolithic to the Chalcolithic significantly changed the prevalent lifestyle, apart from the addition of copper technology and new forms of pottery. Larger sites found in the wider Gangetic region dating from this time have yielded evidence for agricultural activities, including animal husbandry; moreover, one site (Chirand) has also yielded evidence for large-scale production of tools made of bone and antler, as well as of items of likely domestic use, indicating some degree of craft specialisation. The political organisation of such sites remain overall unclear, though one site in a neighbouring valley, Magahara, seems to have housed a relatively egalitarian community, judging from the similarity between houses and their arrangement around a likely cattle pen, suggesting communal ownership of livestock. No population estimates could be found for the Middle Ganga specifically, but the typical community in the nearby Vindhya region would likely have numbered around 200 people, and the region as a whole likely had a population of about 1,000. ^[1]

[1]: (Vikrama and Chattopadhyaya 2002: 127-132) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/U4F7KRKD/.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Original Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

Language

1 Language Genus

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

Professions

Bureaucracy Characteristics

Law

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

Special-purpose Sites

Information / Writing System

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

Information / Money

Information / Postal System

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Shield

1 Limb Protection

1 Helmet

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

Year Range	Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca) was in:
(3000 BCE 601 BCE)	Middle Ganga

Year Range

Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca) was in:

(3000 BCE 601 BCE)

Middle Ganga

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Original Name	Chalcolithic Middle Ganga	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Variable

Coded Value / Certainty Tags

Year(s)

Original Name

Chalcolithic Middle Ganga

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Duration	[3000 BCE ➜ 601 BCE]
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Variable

Coded Value / Certainty Tags

Year(s)

Duration

[3000 BCE ➜ 601 BCE]

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Language Genus	uncoded Undecided	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Variable

Coded Value / Certainty Tags

Year(s)

Language Genus

uncoded Undecided

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	- Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Polity Territory	- Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Polity Population	- Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Variable

Coded Value / Certainty Tags

Year(s)

Population of the Largest Settlement

- Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Polity Territory

- Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Polity Population

- Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	[1 to 2]	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Variable

Coded Value / Certainty Tags

Year(s)

Settlement Hierarchy

[1 to 2]

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Irrigation System	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Food Storage Site	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Variable

Coded Value / Certainty Tags

Year(s)

Market

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Irrigation System

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Food Storage Site

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Drinking Water Supply System

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Absent	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Iron	Absent	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Copper	Present Inferred	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Bronze	Absent	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Variable

Coded Value / Certainty Tags

Year(s)

Steel

Absent

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Iron

Absent

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Copper

Present Inferred

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Bronze

Absent

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Sling	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Self Bow	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Javelin	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Composite Bow	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Atlatl	Absent Inferred	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Variable

Coded Value / Certainty Tags

Year(s)

Sling

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Self Bow

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Javelin

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Composite Bow

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Atlatl

Absent Inferred

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Sword	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Spear	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Polearm	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Dagger	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Battle Axe	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Variable

Coded Value / Certainty Tags

Year(s)

War Club

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Sword

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Spear

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Polearm

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Dagger

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Battle Axe

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Elephant	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Donkey	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Dog	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Camel	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Variable

Coded Value / Certainty Tags

Year(s)

Horse

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Elephant

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Donkey

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Dog

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Camel

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Shield	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Limb Protection	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Helmet	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Breastplate	Unknown Suspected	3000 BCE 601 BCE
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Variable

Coded Value / Certainty Tags

Year(s)

Shield

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Limb Protection

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Helmet

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Breastplate

Unknown Suspected

3000 BCE 601 BCE

Chalcolithic Middle Ganga

NGA Settlements:

Home NGA: Middle Ganga