Home Region:  North India (South Asia)

Chalcolithic Middle Ganga

3000 BCE 601 BCE
D G SC WF EQ 2020  in_ganga_ca / InGangC
Preceding Entity:
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Succeeding Entity:
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  General Description   The Middle Ganga corresponds to the eastern portion of the Upper Ganga Plain, in the eastern part of the north-central modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and the state of Bihar. Here, we are interested in the phase of its prehistory known as the Chalcolithic (c. 3000-6001 BCE). Overall, there is not much to suggest that the transition from the Neolithic to the Chalcolithic significantly changed the prevalent lifestyle, apart from the addition of copper technology and new forms of pottery. Larger sites found in the wider Gangetic region dating from this time have yielded evidence for agricultural activities, including animal husbandry; moreover, one site (Chirand) has also yielded evidence for large-scale production of tools made of bone and antler, as well as of items of likely domestic use, indicating some degree of craft specialisation. The political organisation of such sites remain overall unclear, though one site in a neighbouring valley, Magahara, seems to have housed a relatively egalitarian community, judging from the similarity between houses and their arrangement around a likely cattle pen, suggesting communal ownership of livestock. No population estimates could be found for the Middle Ganga specifically, but the typical community in the nearby Vindhya region would likely have numbered around 200 people, and the region as a whole likely had a population of about 1,000. [1]

[1]: (Vikrama and Chattopadhyaya 2002: 127-132) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/U4F7KRKD/.

General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca) was in:
 (3000 BCE 601 BCE)   Middle Ganga
Home NGA: Middle Ganga
General Variables
Identity and Location Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Original Name Chalcolithic Middle Ganga Confident 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Temporal Bounds Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Duration [3000 BCE ➜ 601 BCE] Confident
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Political and Cultural Relations Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Language Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Language Genus uncoded Undecided 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Religion Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Population of the Largest Settlement - Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Polity Territory - Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Polity Population - Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy [1 to 2] Confident 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Professions Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Bureaucracy Characteristics Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Law Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Buildings: polity owned Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Market Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Irrigation System Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Food Storage Site Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Drinking Water Supply System Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Transport Infrastructure Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Special-purpose Sites Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Writing System Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Kinds of Written Documents Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Money Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Postal System Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Measurement System Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Military use of Metals Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Steel Absent Confident 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Iron Absent Confident 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Copper Present Inferred 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Bronze Absent Confident 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Projectiles Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Sling Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Self Bow Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Javelin Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Composite Bow Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Atlatl Absent Inferred 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Handheld weapons Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
War Club Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Sword Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Spear Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Polearm Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Dagger Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Battle Axe Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Animals used in warfare Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Horse Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Elephant Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Donkey Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Dog Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Camel Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Armor Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Shield Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Limb Protection Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Helmet Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Breastplate Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  601 BCE
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Naval technology Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Human Sacrifice Chalcolithic Middle Ganga (in_ganga_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Crisis Cases
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Instability Data
Power Transitions
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