Section: Social Complexity
Subsection: Writing Systems

Script

Talking about writing systems, script is as indicated at least by fragmentary inscriptions (note that if written records are present, then so is script)  
Contributors: Jenny, Majid, Peter

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition
script The absence or presence of script for a polity.

# Polity   Year(s)   Script   Confidence     Disputed?     Expert?   Edit
1
Xianbei Confederation
100 CE 229 CE
absent
Inferred No Edit
2
Xianbei Confederation
230 CE 250 CE
present
Inferred No Edit
3
Rouran Khaganate
300 CE 499 CE
absent
Inferred No Edit
4
Hephthalites
408 CE 487 CE
absent
Confident No Edit
5
Hephthalites
488 CE 561 CE
present
Confident No Edit
6
Rouran Khaganate
500 CE 555 CE
present
Inferred No Edit
7
Kingdom of Kaffa
1390 CE 1499 CE
unknown
Suspected No Edit
8
Kingdom of Kaffa
1500 CE 1897 CE
present
Confident No Edit
9
Funj Sultanate
1504 CE 1699 CE
present
Inferred No Edit
10
Kaabu
1550 CE 1699 CE
unknown
Suspected No Edit
11
Sakha - Late
1632 CE 1800 CE
absent
Confident No Edit
12
Early Modern Sierra Leone
1650 CE 1832 CE
absent
Inferred No Edit
13
Funj Sultanate
1700 CE 1820 CE
present
Confident No Edit
14
Buganda
1700 CE 1859 CE
absent
Confident No Edit
15
Kaabu
1700 CE 1867 CE
present
Confident No Edit
16
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
1714 CE 1831 CE
absent
Confident No Edit
17
Spanish Empire II
1716 CE 1814 CE
present
Confident No Edit
18
Nkore
1750 CE 1859 CE
absent
Confident No Edit
19
Sakha - Late
1801 CE 1900 CE
present
Confident No Edit
20
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
1832 CE 1848 CE
present
Confident No Edit
21
Early Modern Sierra Leone
1833 CE 1896 CE
present
Confident No Edit
22
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
1841 CE 1921 CE
absent
Confident No Edit
23
Buganda
1860 CE 1894 CE
present
Confident No Edit
24
Nkore
1860 CE 1901 CE
unknown
Suspected No Edit
25
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
1922 CE 1987 CE
present
Confident No Edit
26
Hallstatt C
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
27
Hallstatt D
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
28
British Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
29
Archaic Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
30
Classical Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
31
The Emirate of Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
32
Final Postpalatial Crete
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
33
Hellenistic Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
34
Neolithic Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
35
Prepalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
36
Western Jin
-
present
Inferred No Edit
37
Hmong - Early Chinese
-
present
Confident No Edit
38
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
39
Proto-Carolingian
-
present
Confident No Edit
40
Anurādhapura IV
-
present
Confident No Edit
41
Chuuk - Early Truk
-
absent
Confident No Edit
42
Atlantic Complex
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
43
French Kingdom - Late Bourbon
-
present
Confident No Edit
44
Proto-French Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
45
French Kingdom - Late Capetian
-
present
Confident No Edit
46
Hmong - Late Qing
-
absent
Confident No Edit
47
Great Ming
-
present
Confident No Edit
48
Northern Song
-
present
Confident No Edit
49
Early Qing
-
present
Confident No Edit
50
Late Qing
-
present
Confident No Edit
51
Late Shang
-
present
Confident No Edit
52
Pre-Sape Sierra Leone
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
53
Tang Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
54
Tang Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
55
Yangshao
-
absent
Confident No Edit
56
Great Yuan
-
present
Confident No Edit
57
Shuar - Ecuadorian
-
absent
Confident No Edit
58
Ayyubid Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
59
Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
60
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
61
Ptolemaic Kingdom I
-
present
Confident No Edit
62
Ptolemaic Kingdom II
-
present
Confident No Edit
63
Antebellum US
-
present
Confident No Edit
64
Late Classic Tikal
-
absent
Confident No Edit
65
Tudor and Early Stuart England
-
present
Confident No Edit
66
Anglo-Saxon England II
-
present
Confident No Edit
67
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
68
Khwarezmid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
69
Middle Merovingian
-
present
Confident No Edit
70
La Tene C2-D
-
present
Inferred No Edit
71
French Kingdom - Early Valois
-
present
Confident No Edit
72
French Kingdom - Late Valois
-
present
Confident No Edit
73
Geometric Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
74
Iban - Pre-Brooke
-
absent
Confident No Edit
75
Mataram Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
76
Kingdom of Ayodhya
-
present
Confident No Edit
77
Deccan - Iron Age
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
78
Deccan - Neolithic
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
79
Early A'chik
-
absent
Confident No Edit
80
Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
81
Hoysala Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
82
Kannauj - Varman Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
83
Mahajanapada era
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
84
Vijayanagara Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
85
Abbasid Caliphate II
-
present
Confident No Edit
86
Kassite Babylonia
-
present
Confident No Edit
87
Second Dynasty of Isin
-
present
Confident No Edit
88
Isin-Larsa
-
present
Confident No Edit
89
Elam - Crisis Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
90
Elam I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
91
Qajar
-
present
Confident No Edit
92
Ostrogothic Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
93
Rome - Republic of St Peter II
-
present
Confident No Edit
94
Papal States - High Medieval Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
95
Papal States - Medieval Period I
-
present
Confident No Edit
96
Papal States - Medieval Period II
-
present
Confident No Edit
97
Kalingga Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
98
Kediri Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
99
Majapahit Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
100
Medang Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
101
Yehuda
-
present
Confident No Edit
102
Chalukyas of Kalyani
-
present
Confident No Edit
103
Late A'chik
-
present
Confident No Edit
104
Kampili Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
105
Magadha
-
present
Confident No Edit
106
Rashtrakuta Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
107
Abbasid Caliphate I
-
present
Confident No Edit
108
Akkadian Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
109
Early Dynastic
-
present
Confident No Edit
110
Neo-Assyrian Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
111
Neo-Babylonian Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
112
Ur - Dynasty III
-
present
Confident No Edit
113
Ak Koyunlu
-
present
Confident No Edit
114
Buyid Confederation
-
present
Confident No Edit
115
Susiana B
-
absent
Confident No Edit
116
Elam III
-
present
Confident No Edit
117
Seleucids
-
present
Confident No Edit
118
Seljuk Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
119
Icelandic Commonwealth
-
present
Confident No Edit
120
Latium - Bronze Age
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
121
Exarchate of Ravenna
-
present
Confident No Edit
122
Roman Empire - Principate
-
present
Confident No Edit
123
Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity
-
present
Confident No Edit
124
Republic of St Peter I
-
present
Confident No Edit
125
Republic of Venice III
-
present
Confident No Edit
126
Republic of Venice IV
-
present
Confident No Edit
127
Warring States Japan
-
present
Confident No Edit
128
Saadi Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
129
Bamana kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
130
Mali Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
131
Early Mongols
-
present
Confident No Edit
132
Inca Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
133
Late Roman Republic
-
present
Confident No Edit
134
Roman Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
135
Japan - Incipient Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
136
Japan - Early Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
137
Kansai - Yayoi Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
138
Late Angkor
-
present
Confident No Edit
139
Andronovo
-
absent
Confident No Edit
140
Phoenician Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
141
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
142
Mongol Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
143
Uigur Khaganate
-
present
Confident No Edit
144
Late Xiongnu
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
145
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
146
Later Wagadu Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
147
Monte Alban II
-
present
Confident No Edit
148
Archaic Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
149
Epiclassic Basin of Mexico
-
present
Confident No Edit
150
Middle Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
151
Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico
-
present
Confident No Edit
152
Toltecs
-
present
Confident No Edit
153
Cuzco - Early Intermediate II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
154
Wari Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
155
Orokaiva - Colonial
-
present
Confident No Edit
156
Timurid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
157
Himyar I
-
present
Confident No Edit
158
Himyar II
-
present
Confident No Edit
159
Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
160
Sind - Samma Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
161
Yemen - Era of Warlords
-
present
Confident No Edit
162
Yemen Ziyad Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
163
Egypt - Kushite Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
164
Umayyad Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
165
Ayutthaya
-
present
Confident No Edit
166
Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age
-
absent
Confident No Edit
167
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
-
present
Confident No Edit
168
Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
169
Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
170
East Roman Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
171
Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
172
Konya Plain - Early Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
173
Konya Plain - Late Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
174
Roman Empire - Dominate
-
present
Confident No Edit
175
Early Illinois Confederation
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
176
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
-
absent
Confident No Edit
177
Cahokia - Early Woodland
-
absent
Confident No Edit
178
Cahokia - Late Woodland II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
179
Cahokia - Middle Woodland
-
absent
Confident No Edit
180
Cahokia - Late Woodland III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
181
Cahokia - Late Woodland I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
182
Chagatai Khanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
183
Khanate of Bukhara
-
present
Confident No Edit
184
Rasulid Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
185
Durrani Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
186
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
187
Delhi Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
188
Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
189
Rattanakosin
-
present
Confident No Edit
190
Byzantine Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
191
Hatti - Old Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
192
Kingdom of Lydia
-
present
Confident No Edit
193
Ottoman Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
194
Phrygian Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
195
Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling
-
absent
Confident No Edit
196
Cahokia - Moorehead
-
absent
Confident No Edit
197
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
198
Oneota
-
absent
Confident No Edit
199
Egypt - Late Old Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
200
Ancient Khwarazm
-
absent
Confident No Edit
201
Samanid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
202
Kidarite Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
203
Kushan Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
204
Eastern Han Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
205
Erligang
-
present
Inferred No Edit
206
Erlitou
-
present
Inferred No Edit
207
Jin
-
present
Confident No Edit
208
Longshan
-
present
Inferred No Edit
209
Early Wei Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
210
Western Zhou
-
present
Confident No Edit
211
Neguanje
-
absent
Confident No Edit
212
Tairona
-
absent
Confident No Edit
213
Shuar - Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
214
Egypt - Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
215
Egypt - Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
216
Naqada I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
217
Naqada II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
218
Egypt - Dynasty 0
-
present
Confident No Edit
219
Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
220
Egypt - Period of the Regions
-
present
Confident No Edit
221
Egypt - Saite Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
222
Spanish Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
223
Axum I
-
present
Confident No Edit
224
Chuuk - Late Truk
-
present
Confident No Edit
225
Early Merovingian
-
present
Confident No Edit
226
La Tene A-B1
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
227
La Tene B2-C1
-
present
Inferred No Edit
228
Akan - Pre-Ashanti
-
absent
Confident No Edit
229
Gupta Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
230
Kadamba Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
231
Magadha - Maurya Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
232
Mughal Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
233
Ashanti Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
234
Monopalatial Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
235
New Palace Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
236
Old Palace Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
237
Postpalatial Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
238
Hawaii I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
239
Hawaii II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
240
Hawaii III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
241
Canaan
-
present
Confident No Edit
242
Yisrael
-
present
Confident No Edit
243
Chalukyas of Badami
-
present
Confident No Edit
244
Post-Mauryan Kingdoms
-
present
Inferred No Edit
245
Satavahana Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
246
Magadha - Sunga Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
247
Vakataka Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
248
Amorite Babylonia
-
present
Confident No Edit
249
Bazi Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
250
Dynasty of E
-
present
Confident No Edit
251
Ubaid
-
absent
Confident No Edit
252
Uruk
-
present
Confident No Edit
253
Achaemenid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
254
Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar
-
absent
Confident No Edit
255
Elam - Awan Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
256
Elymais II
-
present
Confident No Edit
257
Oaxaca - San Jose
-
absent
Confident No Edit
258
Early Monte Alban I
-
present
Confident No Edit
259
Formative Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
260
Ilkhanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
261
Susiana A
-
absent
Confident No Edit
262
Susiana - Late Ubaid
-
absent
Confident No Edit
263
Susiana - Early Ubaid
-
absent
Confident No Edit
264
Elam - Kidinuid Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
265
Elam - Igihalkid Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
266
Elam - Shutrukid Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
267
Elam II
-
present
Confident No Edit
268
Parthian Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
269
Parthian Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
270
Pre-Ceramic Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
271
Safavid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
272
Sasanid Empire I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
273
Sasanid Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
274
Elam - Shimashki Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
275
Elam - Early Sukkalmah
-
present
Confident No Edit
276
Elam - Late Sukkalmah
-
present
Confident No Edit
277
Susa I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
278
Susa II
-
present
Confident No Edit
279
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas
-
absent
Confident No Edit
280
Susa III
-
present
Confident No Edit
281
Latium - Copper Age
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
282
Latium - Iron Age
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
283
Papal States - Renaissance Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
284
Early Roman Republic
-
present
Confident No Edit
285
Middle Roman Republic
-
present
Confident No Edit
286
Ashikaga Shogunate
-
present
Confident No Edit
287
Asuka
-
present
Confident No Edit
288
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama
-
present
Confident No Edit
289
Heian
-
present
Confident No Edit
290
Japan - Initial Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
291
Japan - Middle Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
292
Japan - Late Jomon
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
293
Japan - Final Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
294
Monte Alban Late I
-
present
Confident No Edit
295
Kamakura Shogunate
-
present
Confident No Edit
296
Kansai - Kofun Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
297
Nara Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
298
Tokugawa Shogunate
-
present
Confident No Edit
299
Kara-Khanids
-
present
Confident No Edit
300
Western Turk Khaganate
-
present
Confident No Edit
301
Classical Angkor
-
present
Confident No Edit
302
Early Angkor
-
present
Confident No Edit
303
Khmer Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
304
Monte Alban III
-
present
Confident No Edit
305
Jenne-jeno III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
306
Rum Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
307
Chenla
-
present
Confident No Edit
308
Funan I
-
present
Confident No Edit
309
Funan II
-
present
Confident No Edit
310
Jenne-jeno I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
311
Jenne-jeno II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
312
Monte Alban V
-
present
Inferred No Edit
313
Jenne-jeno IV
-
absent
Confident No Edit
314
Segou Kingdom
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
315
Eastern Turk Khaganate
-
present
Confident No Edit
316
Khitan I
-
present
Confident No Edit
317
Late Mongols
-
present
Confident No Edit
318
Second Turk Khaganate
-
present
Confident No Edit
319
Late Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
320
Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
321
Initial Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
322
Oaxaca - Rosario
-
present
Confident No Edit
323
Early Xiongnu
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
324
Zungharian Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
325
Middle Wagadu Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
326
Monte Alban IIIB and IV
-
present
Confident No Edit
327
Aztec Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
328
Early Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
329
Kingdom of Norway II
-
present
Confident No Edit
330
Cuzco - Early Intermediate I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
331
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
332
Cuzco - Late Intermediate II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
333
Cuzco - Late Formative
-
absent
Confident No Edit
334
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
335
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
336
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
337
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
338
Indo-Greek Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
339
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
340
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
341
Kachi Plain - Urban Period I
-
present
Confident No Edit
342
Kachi Plain - Urban Period II
-
present
Confident No Edit
343
Sakha - Early
-
absent
Confident No Edit
344
Sarazm
-
absent
Confident No Edit
345
Fatimid Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
346
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II
-
present
Confident No Edit
347
Byzantine Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
348
Byzantine Empire III
-
present
Confident No Edit
349
Late Cappadocia
-
present
Confident No Edit
350
Hatti - New Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
351
Lysimachus Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
352
Ottoman Emirate
-
present
Confident No Edit
353
Emirate of Harar
-
present
Confident No Edit
354
Ottoman Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
355
Tabal Kingdoms
-
present
Confident No Edit
356
Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
357
Cahokia - Sand Prairie
-
absent
Confident No Edit
358
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
359
Koktepe I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
360
Koktepe II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
361
Sogdiana - City-States Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
362
Sabaean Commonwealth
-
present
Confident No Edit
363
Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan
-
present
Confident No Edit
364
Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
365
Ottoman Empire III
-
present
Confident No Edit
366
Majeerteen Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
367
Qatabanian Commonwealth
-
present
Confident No Edit
368
Futa Jallon
-
present
Confident No Edit
369
Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
370
Pandya Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
371
Polonnaruwa
-
present
Confident No Edit
372
Anurādhapura III
-
present
Confident No Edit
373
Dutch Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
374
Anurādhapura I
-
present
Confident No Edit
375
Kingdom of Gumma
-
present
Confident No Edit
376
Anurādhapura II
-
present
Confident No Edit
377
Kingdom of Jimma
-
present
Confident No Edit
378
Jaffna
-
present
Confident No Edit
379
Adal Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
380
Tunni Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
381
Habr Yunis
-
present
Confident No Edit
382
Kingdom of Gomma
-
present
Confident No Edit
383
Sultanate of Geledi
-
present
Confident No Edit
384
Harla Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
385
Ifat Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
386
Medri Bahri
-
present
Confident No Edit
387
Isaaq Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
388
Proto-Yoruba
-
absent
Confident No Edit
389
Classical Ife
-
absent
Confident No Edit
390
Late Formative Yoruba
-
absent
Confident No Edit
391
Allada
-
absent
Confident No Edit
392
Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́
-
present
Confident No Edit
393
Oyo
-
absent
Confident No Edit
394
Proto-Yoruboid
-
absent
Confident No Edit
395
Sokoto Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
396
Igala
-
present
Confident No Edit
397
Nkore
-
absent
Confident No Edit
398
Hausa bakwai
-
present
Confident No Edit
399
Kanem-Borno
-
present
Confident No Edit
400
Foys
-
absent
Confident No Edit
401
Imamate of Futa Toro
-
present
Confident No Edit
402
Kingdom of Jolof
-
present
Confident No Edit
403
Toro
-
absent
Confident No Edit
404
Buganda
-
absent
Confident No Edit
405
Karagwe
-
absent
Confident No Edit
406
Pandya Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
407
Kingdom of Nyinginya
-
absent
Confident No Edit
408
Ndorwa
-
absent
Confident No Edit
409
Burundi
-
absent
Confident No Edit
410
Mubari
-
absent
Confident No Edit
411
Gisaka
-
absent
Confident No Edit
412
Fipa
-
absent
Confident No Edit
413
Bugesera
-
absent
Confident No Edit
414
Buhaya
-
absent
Confident No Edit
415
Oirats
-
present
Confident No Edit
416
Golden Horde
-
present
Confident No Edit
417
Saffarid Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
418
British Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
419
Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
420
Early Cholas
-
present
Confident No Edit
421
Early Pandyas
-
present
Confident No Edit
422
Carnatic Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
423
Late Pallava Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
424
Kalabhra Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
425
Nayaks of Madurai
-
present
Confident No Edit
426
Nayaks of Thanjavur
-
present
Confident No Edit
427
Kanem
-
present
Inferred No Edit
428
Ajuran Sultanate
-
present
Inferred No Edit
429
Shoa Sultanate
-
present
Inferred No Edit
430
Napoleonic France
-
present
Confident No Edit
431
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
-
present
Confident No Edit
432
Anglo-Saxon England I
-
A~P
Confident No Edit
433
Mane
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
434
Sape
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
435
Whydah
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
436
Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
437
Benin Empire
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
438
British Empire IIIIIIIIII
-
present
Confident No Edit
439
Early United Mexican States
-
present
Confident No Edit
440
Plantagenet England
-
present
Confident No Edit
441
Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
442
Lombard Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
443
Us Reconstruction-Progressive
-
present
Confident No Edit
444
Chaco Canyon - Late Bonito phase
-
absent
Confident No Edit
445
Hohokam Culture
-
absent
Confident No Edit
446
Alaouite Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
447
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
448
Armenian Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
449
Soviet Union
-
present
Confident No Edit
450
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
451
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
452
Gahadavala Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
453
Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
454
Italian Kingdom Late Antiquity
-
present
Confident No Edit
455
Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
456
Ghur Principality
-
present
Confident No Edit
457
Tocharians
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
458
Five Dynasties Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
459
Jin Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
460
Wei Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
461
Northern Wei
-
present
Confident No Edit
462
Sui Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
463
Western Han Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
464
Badarian
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
465
Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
466
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I
-
present
Confident No Edit
467
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III
-
present
Confident No Edit
468
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II
-
present
Confident No Edit
469
Egypt - Middle Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
470
Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
471
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
472
Beaker Culture
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
473
French Kingdom - Early Bourbon
-
present
Confident No Edit
474
Carolingian Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
475
Carolingian Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
476
Hallstatt A-B1
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
477
Hallstatt B2-3
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit