Section: Social Complexity / Transport infrastructure
Variable: Road (All coded records)
Talking about Transport infrastructure, roads refers to deliberately constructed roads that connect settlements or other sites. It excludes streets/accessways within settlements and paths between settlements that develop through repeated use.  
Road
#  Polity  Coded Value Tags Year(s) Edit Desc
1 Kansai - Kofun Period absent Confident Uncertain 250 CE 499 CE
Loading...
2 Kansai - Kofun Period present Confident Uncertain 250 CE 499 CE
Loading...
3 Neguanje absent Inferred 250 CE 575 CE
Loading...
4 Kansai - Kofun Period present Inferred 500 CE
Loading...
5 Neguanje present Confident 576 CE 1050 CE
Loading...
6 Kingdom of Kaffa unknown Suspected 1390 CE 1844 CE
Loading...
7 Bito Dynasty absent Inferred 1700 CE 1799 CE
Loading...
8 Spanish Empire II present Confident 1716 CE 1814 CE
Loading...
9 Rattanakosin absent Confident 1782 CE 1857 CE
Loading...
10 Bito Dynasty absent Confident 1800 CE 1894 CE
Loading...
11 Kingdom of Kaffa present Confident 1845 CE 1854 CE
Loading...
12 Rattanakosin present Confident 1857 CE 1873 CE
Loading...
13 Soviet Union present Confident 1923 CE 1991 CE
Loading...
14 Grand Principality of Moscow, Rurikid Dynasty present Confident 1480 CE 1613 CE
Loading...
15 Kievan Rus present Inferred 880 CE 1242 CE
Loading...
16 Cwezi Dynasty absent Inferred 1450 CE 1699 CE
Loading...
17 Almoravids present Confident 1035 CE 1150 CE
Loading...
18 Avar Khaganate unknown Suspected 586 CE 822 CE
Loading...
19 Axum II present Confident 350 CE 599 CE
Loading...
20 Axum III present Confident 600 CE 800 CE
Loading...
21 Bagan present Confident 1044 CE 1287 CE
Loading...
22 Banu Ghaniya unknown Suspected 1126 CE 1227 CE
Loading...
23 Bulgaria - Early present Inferred 681 CE 864 CE
Loading...
24 Bulgaria - Middle present Inferred 865 CE 1018 CE
Loading...
25 Chaulukya Dynasty present Confident 941 CE 1245 CE
Loading...
26 Chu Kingdom - Spring and Autumn Period present Inferred 740 BCE 489 BCE
Loading...
27 Chu Kingdom - Warring States Period present Inferred 488 BCE 223 BCE
Loading...
28 Duchy of Aquitaine I present Confident 602 CE 768 CE
Loading...
29 Early Nyoro absent Inferred 900 CE 1449 CE
Loading...
30 Idrisids uncoded Undecided 789 CE 917 CE
Loading...
31 Kangju unknown Suspected 150 BCE 350 CE
Loading...
32 Kazan Khanate unknown Suspected 1438 CE 1552 CE
Loading...
33 Kingdom of Congo present Confident 1491 CE 1568 CE
Loading...
34 Kingdom of Georgia II present Confident 975 CE 1243 CE
Loading...
35 Kingdom of Sicily - Hohenstaufen and Angevin dynasties present Confident 1194 CE 1281 CE
Loading...
36 Malacca Sultanate present Inferred 1270 CE 1415 CE
Loading...
37 Mauretania present Inferred 125 BCE 44 CE
Loading...
38 Monte Alban V Early Postclassic absent Confident 900 CE 1099 CE
Loading...
39 Monte Alban V Late Postclassic absent Confident 1101 CE 1520 CE
Loading...
40 Novgorod Land present Inferred 880 CE 1240 CE
Loading...
41 Numidia unknown Suspected 220 BCE 46 BCE
Loading...
42 Ottoman Empire Late Period absent Confident 1873 CE 1920 CE
Loading...
43 Paramara Dynasty present Inferred 974 CE 1235 CE
Loading...
44 Songhai Empire present Inferred 1376 CE 1493 CE
Loading...
45 Third Scythian Kingdom unknown Suspected 429 BCE 225 BCE
Loading...
46 Xixia present Inferred 1032 CE 1227 CE
Loading...
47 Yueban unknown Suspected 350 CE 450 CE
Loading...
48 Zagwe unknown Suspected 1137 CE 1269 CE
Loading...
49 * Norman England present Confident 1066 CE 1153 CE
Loading...
50 Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty present Confident 730 CE 1030 CE
Loading...
51 * East Francia present Suspected 842 CE 919 CE
Loading...
52 * Ottoman Empire IV present Confident 1839 CE 1922 CE
Loading...
53 Five Dynasties Period present Confident 906 CE 970 CE
Loading...
54 Hawaii I unknown Suspected 1000 CE 1200 CE
Loading...
55 Hawaii II absent Inferred 1200 CE 1580 CE
Loading...
56 Timurid Empire present Confident 1370 CE 1526 CE
Loading...
57 Western Jin present Inferred 265 CE 317 CE
Loading...
58 Wei Kingdom present Confident 220 CE 265 CE
Loading...
59 Jin Dynasty present Confident 1115 CE 1234 CE
Loading...
60 Tang Dynasty II present Confident 763 CE 907 CE
Loading...
61 Badarian absent Inferred 4400 BCE 3800 BCE
Loading...
62 Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period present Inferred 404 BCE 342 BCE
Loading...
63 Naqada I absent Inferred 3800 BCE 3550 BCE
Loading...
64 Naqada II absent Inferred 3550 BCE 3300 BCE
Loading...
65 Egypt - Dynasty 0 absent Inferred 3300 BCE 3100 BCE
Loading...
66 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period present Inferred 1720 BCE 1567 BCE
Loading...
67 Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period present Confident 868 CE 969 CE
Loading...
68 Carolingian Empire I unknown Suspected 752 CE 840 CE
Loading...
69 Hallstatt A-B1 unknown Suspected 1000 BCE 900 BCE
Loading...
70 British Empire II present Confident 1850 CE 1968 CE
Loading...
71 Archaic Crete present Confident 710 BCE 500 BCE
Loading...
72 Classical Crete present Confident 500 BCE 323 BCE
Loading...
73 The Emirate of Crete present Confident 824 CE 961 CE
Loading...
74 Final Postpalatial Crete present Confident 1200 BCE 1000 BCE
Loading...
75 Geometric Crete present Confident 1000 BCE 710 BCE
Loading...
76 Hellenistic Crete present Confident 323 BCE 69 BCE
Loading...
77 Monopalatial Crete present Confident 1450 BCE 1300 BCE
Loading...
78 Neolithic Crete unknown Suspected 7000 BCE 3000 BCE
Loading...
79 New Palace Crete present Confident 1700 BCE 1450 BCE
Loading...
80 Old Palace Crete unknown Suspected 1900 BCE 1700 BCE
Loading...
81 Postpalatial Crete present Confident 1300 BCE 1200 BCE
Loading...
82 Prepalatial Crete unknown Suspected 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
Loading...
83 Tocharians present Inferred 129 BCE 29 CE
Loading...
84 Eastern Han Empire present Confident 25 CE 220 CE
Loading...
85 Hmong - Late Qing present Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
Loading...
86 Early Wei Dynasty present Inferred 445 BCE 225 BCE
Loading...
87 Koktepe II present Inferred 750 BCE 550 BCE
Loading...
88 Hohokam Culture unknown Suspected 300 CE 1500 CE
Loading...
89 Oyo unknown Suspected 1300 CE 1535 CE
Loading...
90 Lombard Kingdom present Confident 568 CE 774 CE
Loading...
91 Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period present Confident 1820 CE 1898 CE
Loading...
92 Napoleonic France present Confident 1816 CE 1870 CE
Loading...
93 Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty present Confident 919 CE 1125 CE
Loading...
94 Great Ming present Confident 1368 CE 1644 CE
Loading...
95 Late Shang present Confident 1250 BCE 1045 BCE
Loading...
96 Sui Dynasty present Confident 581 CE 618 CE
Loading...
97 Great Yuan present Confident 1271 CE 1368 CE
Loading...
98 Ayyubid Sultanate present Confident 1171 CE 1250 CE
Loading...
99 Egypt - Dynasty I present Confident 3100 BCE 2900 BCE
Loading...
100 Egypt - Dynasty II present Confident 2900 BCE 2687 BCE
Loading...
101 Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom present Confident 2650 BCE 2350 BCE
Loading...
102 Ptolemaic Kingdom I present Confident 305 BCE 217 BCE
Loading...
103 Ptolemaic Kingdom II present Confident 217 BCE 30 BCE
Loading...
104 Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period present Inferred 1069 BCE 747 BCE
Loading...
105 French Kingdom - Early Bourbon present Confident 1589 CE 1660 CE
Loading...
106 French Kingdom - Late Bourbon present Confident 1660 CE 1815 CE
Loading...
107 Carolingian Empire II present Confident 840 CE 987 CE
Loading...
108 Hallstatt D unknown Suspected 600 BCE 475 BCE
Loading...
109 La Tene A-B1 present Confident 475 BCE 325 BCE
Loading...
110 French Kingdom - Early Valois present Confident 1328 CE 1450 CE
Loading...
111 Himyar I present Inferred 270 CE 340 CE
Loading...
112 Iban - Pre-Brooke absent Confident 1650 CE 1841 CE
Loading...
113 Chalukyas of Badami unknown Suspected 543 CE 753 CE
Loading...
114 Chalukyas of Kalyani unknown Suspected 973 CE 1189 CE
Loading...
115 Deccan - Neolithic unknown Suspected 2700 BCE 1200 BCE
Loading...
116 Hoysala Kingdom unknown Suspected 1108 CE 1346 CE
Loading...
117 Kadamba Empire unknown Suspected 345 CE 550 CE
Loading...
118 Ubaid unknown Suspected 5500 BCE 4201 BCE
Loading...
119 Uruk unknown Suspected 4000 BCE 2900 BCE
Loading...
120 Sasanid Empire II unknown Suspected 488 CE 642 CE
Loading...
121 Papal States - Early Modern Period I present Confident 1527 CE 1648 CE
Loading...
122 Papal States - Early Modern Period II present Confident 1648 CE 1809 CE
Loading...
123 Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity present Confident 395 CE 476 CE
Loading...
124 Kediri Kingdom present Confident 1049 CE 1222 CE
Loading...
125 Majapahit Kingdom present Confident 1292 CE 1518 CE
Loading...
126 Medang Kingdom present Confident 732 CE 1019 CE
Loading...
127 Yisrael present Inferred 1030 BCE 722 BCE
Loading...
128 Kampili Kingdom unknown Suspected 1280 CE 1327 CE
Loading...
129 Mughal Empire present Confident 1526 CE 1858 CE
Loading...
130 Vijayanagara Empire present Confident 1336 CE 1646 CE
Loading...
131 Abbasid Caliphate II present Confident 1191 CE 1258 CE
Loading...
132 Neo-Assyrian Empire present Confident 911 BCE 612 BCE
Loading...
133 Neo-Babylonian Empire present Confident 626 BCE 539 BCE
Loading...
134 Buyid Confederation present Confident 932 CE 1062 CE
Loading...
135 Ilkhanate present Confident 1256 CE 1339 CE
Loading...
136 Elam - Igihalkid Period present Inferred 1399 BCE 1200 BCE
Loading...
137 Elam I present Inferred 900 BCE 744 BCE
Loading...
138 Pre-Ceramic Period absent Inferred 7800 BCE 7200 BCE
Loading...
139 Seljuk Sultanate present Confident 1037 CE 1157 CE
Loading...
140 Icelandic Commonwealth absent Confident 930 CE 1262 CE
Loading...
141 Latium - Bronze Age absent Confident 1800 BCE 900 BCE
Loading...
142 Ostrogothic Kingdom present Confident 489 CE 554 CE
Loading...
143 Rome - Republic of St Peter II present Confident 904 CE 1198 CE
Loading...
144 Papal States - Renaissance Period present Confident 1378 CE 1527 CE
Loading...
145 Roman Empire - Principate present Confident 31 BCE 284 CE
Loading...
146 Republic of St Peter I present Confident 711 CE 904 CE
Loading...
147 Asuka present Confident 538 CE 710 CE
Loading...
148 Japan - Incipient Jomon absent Inferred 13600 BCE 9200 BCE
Loading...
149 Andronovo unknown Suspected 1800 BCE 1200 BCE
Loading...
150 Saadi Sultanate unknown Suspected 1554 CE 1659 CE
Loading...
151 Jenne-jeno I unknown Suspected 250 BCE 49 CE
Loading...
152 Jenne-jeno II unknown Suspected 50 CE 399 CE
Loading...
153 Jenne-jeno III unknown Suspected 400 CE 899 CE
Loading...
154 Eastern Turk Khaganate unknown Suspected 583 CE 630 CE
Loading...
155 Early Mongols absent Confident 1000 CE 1206 CE
Loading...
156 Second Turk Khaganate unknown Suspected 682 CE 744 CE
Loading...
157 Xianbei Confederation unknown Suspected 100 CE 250 CE
Loading...
158 Late Xiongnu unknown Suspected 60 BCE 100 CE
Loading...
159 Xiongnu Imperial Confederation unknown Suspected 209 BCE 60 BCE
Loading...
160 Cuzco - Early Intermediate II unknown Suspected 500 CE 649 CE
Loading...
161 Cuzco - Late Formative unknown Suspected 500 BCE 200 CE
Loading...
162 Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic unknown Suspected 7500 BCE 5500 BCE
Loading...
163 Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic unknown Suspected 5500 BCE 4000 BCE
Loading...
164 Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic unknown Suspected 4000 BCE 3200 BCE
Loading...
165 Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period unknown Suspected 3200 BCE 2500 BCE
Loading...
166 Sarazm unknown Suspected 3500 BCE 2000 BCE
Loading...
167 Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic absent Inferred 5500 BCE 3000 BCE
Loading...
168 East Roman Empire present Confident 395 CE 631 CE
Loading...
169 Lysimachus Kingdom present Inferred 323 BCE 281 BCE
Loading...
170 Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic absent Confident 7000 BCE 6600 BCE
Loading...
171 Konya Plain - Late Neolithic absent Confident 6600 BCE 6000 BCE
Loading...
172 Nara Kingdom present Confident 710 CE 794 CE
Loading...
173 Kara-Khanids present Confident 950 CE 1212 CE
Loading...
174 Late Angkor present Inferred 1220 CE 1432 CE
Loading...
175 Phoenician Empire present Inferred 1200 BCE 332 BCE
Loading...
176 Bamana kingdom present Confident 1712 CE 1861 CE
Loading...
177 Uigur Khaganate present Inferred 745 CE 840 CE
Loading...
178 Early Xiongnu absent Inferred 1400 BCE 300 BCE
Loading...
179 Later Wagadu Empire present Confident 1078 CE 1203 CE
Loading...
180 Oaxaca - Rosario absent Confident 700 BCE 500 BCE
Loading...
181 Cuzco - Late Intermediate II present Confident 1250 CE 1400 CE
Loading...
182 Indo-Greek Kingdom present Inferred 180 BCE 10 BCE
Loading...
183 Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period present Inferred 1300 BCE 500 BCE
Loading...
184 Sakha - Early absent Confident 1400 CE 1632 CE
Loading...
185 Sakha - Late present Confident 1632 CE 1900 CE
Loading...
186 Fatimid Caliphate present Confident 909 CE 1171 CE
Loading...
187 Hatti - New Kingdom present Confident 1400 BCE 1180 BCE
Loading...
188 Hatti - Old Kingdom present Confident 1650 BCE 1500 BCE
Loading...
189 Neo-Hittite Kingdoms present Inferred 1180 BCE 900 BCE
Loading...
190 Sogdiana - City-States Period present Inferred 604 CE 711 CE
Loading...
191 Himyar II present Inferred 378 CE 525 CE
Loading...
192 Cahokia - Early Woodland absent Confident 600 BCE 150 BCE
Loading...
193 Cahokia - Middle Woodland absent Confident 150 BCE 300 CE
Loading...
194 Cahokia - Late Woodland I absent Confident 300 CE 450 CE
Loading...
195 Koktepe I unknown Suspected 1400 BCE 1000 BCE
Loading...
196 Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty unknown Suspected 1637 CE 1805 CE
Loading...
197 Durrani Empire absent Confident 1747 CE 1826 CE
Loading...
198 Greco-Bactrian Kingdom present Confident 256 BCE 125 BCE
Loading...
199 Hephthalites present Inferred 408 CE 561 CE
Loading...
200 Kidarite Kingdom present Inferred 388 CE 477 CE
Loading...
201 Kushan Empire present Confident 35 CE 319 CE
Loading...
202 Erligang present Inferred 1650 BCE 1250 BCE
Loading...
203 Erlitou present Confident 1850 BCE 1600 BCE
Loading...
204 Hmong - Early Chinese absent Confident 1895 CE 1941 CE
Loading...
205 Phrygian Kingdom present Confident 900 BCE 695 BCE
Loading...
206 Roman Empire - Dominate present Confident 285 CE 394 CE
Loading...
207 Early Illinois Confederation absent Inferred 1640 CE 1717 CE
Loading...
208 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late absent Confident 1714 CE 1848 CE
Loading...
209 Cahokia - Late Woodland II absent Inferred 450 CE 600 CE
Loading...
210 Cahokia - Late Woodland III absent Inferred 600 CE 750 CE
Loading...
211 Chagatai Khanate present Inferred 1263 CE 1402 CE
Loading...
212 Ancient Khwarazm present Inferred 1000 BCE 521 BCE
Loading...
213 Jin present Inferred 780 BCE 404 BCE
Loading...
214 Longshan present Inferred 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
Loading...
215 Northern Song present Confident 960 CE 1127 CE
Loading...
216 Northern Wei present Confident 386 CE 534 CE
Loading...
217 Early Qing present Confident 1644 CE 1796 CE
Loading...
218 Late Qing present Confident 1796 CE 1912 CE
Loading...
219 Tang Dynasty I present Confident 617 CE 763 CE
Loading...
220 Western Han Empire present Confident 202 BCE 9 CE
Loading...
221 Western Zhou present Confident 1122 BCE 771 BCE
Loading...
222 Yangshao absent Inferred 5000 BCE 3000 BCE
Loading...
223 Republic of Venice IV present Confident 1564 CE 1797 CE
Loading...
224 Tairona present Confident 1050 CE 1524 CE
Loading...
225 Shuar - Colonial absent Confident 1534 CE 1830 CE
Loading...
226 Hallstatt C unknown Suspected 700 BCE 600 BCE
Loading...
227 Shuar - Ecuadorian absent Confident 1831 CE 1931 CE
Loading...
228 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I present Confident 1260 CE 1348 CE
Loading...
229 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III present Confident 1412 CE 1517 CE
Loading...
230 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II present Confident 1348 CE 1412 CE
Loading...
231 Egypt - Middle Kingdom present Confident 2016 BCE 1700 BCE
Loading...
232 Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period present Confident 1293 BCE 1070 BCE
Loading...
233 Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period present Confident 1550 BCE 1293 BCE
Loading...
234 Egypt - Late Old Kingdom present Confident 2350 BCE 2150 BCE
Loading...
235 Egypt - Period of the Regions present Inferred 2150 BCE 2016 BCE
Loading...
236 Egypt - Saite Period present Inferred 664 BCE 525 BCE
Loading...
237 Spanish Empire I present Confident 1516 CE 1715 CE
Loading...
238 Axum I unknown Suspected 149 BCE 349 CE
Loading...
239 Chuuk - Early Truk absent Confident 1775 CE 1886 CE
Loading...
240 Early Angkor present Confident 802 CE 1100 CE
Loading...
241 Chuuk - Late Truk present Confident 1886 CE 1948 CE
Loading...
242 Atlantic Complex present Inferred 2200 BCE 1000 BCE
Loading...
243 Beaker Culture present Inferred 3200 BCE 2000 BCE
Loading...
244 Proto-French Kingdom present Confident 987 CE 1150 CE
Loading...
245 French Kingdom - Late Capetian present Confident 1150 CE 1328 CE
Loading...
246 Hallstatt B2-3 unknown Suspected 900 BCE 700 BCE
Loading...
247 Early Merovingian present Confident 481 CE 543 CE
Loading...
248 Proto-Carolingian present Confident 687 CE 751 CE
Loading...
249 Middle Merovingian present Confident 543 CE 687 CE
Loading...
250 La Tene B2-C1 present Inferred 325 BCE 175 BCE
Loading...
251 La Tene C2-D present Confident 175 BCE 27 BCE
Loading...
252 French Kingdom - Late Valois present Confident 1450 CE 1589 CE
Loading...
253 Khitan I present Confident 907 CE 1125 CE
Loading...
254 Akan - Pre-Ashanti absent Inferred 1501 CE 1701 CE
Loading...
255 Magadha - Maurya Empire present Confident 324 BCE 187 BCE
Loading...
256 Rashtrakuta Empire present Confident 753 CE 973 CE
Loading...
257 Japan - Initial Jomon absent Inferred 9200 BCE 5300 BCE
Loading...
258 Ashanti Empire present Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
Loading...
259 Hawaii III present Confident 1580 CE 1778 CE
Loading...
260 Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial absent Confident 1841 CE 1987 CE
Loading...
261 Mataram Sultanate present Confident 1568 CE 1755 CE
Loading...
262 Canaan present Inferred 2000 BCE 1175 BCE
Loading...
263 Yehuda present Inferred 141 BCE 63 BCE
Loading...
264 Delhi Sultanate present Confident 1206 CE 1526 CE
Loading...
265 Early A'chik absent Confident 1775 CE 1867 CE
Loading...
266 Mongol Empire present Confident 1206 CE 1368 CE
Loading...
267 Late A'chik absent Confident 1867 CE 1956 CE
Loading...
268 Satavahana Empire present Confident 100 BCE 200 CE
Loading...
269 Abbasid Caliphate I present Confident 750 CE 946 CE
Loading...
270 Akkadian Empire present Confident 2270 BCE 2083 BCE
Loading...
271 Kassite Babylonia present Inferred 1595 BCE 1150 BCE
Loading...
272 Bazi Dynasty present Inferred 1005 BCE 986 BCE
Loading...
273 Dynasty of E present Inferred 979 BCE 732 BCE
Loading...
274 Second Dynasty of Isin present Inferred 1153 BCE 1027 BCE
Loading...
275 Isin-Larsa present Inferred 2004 BCE 1763 BCE
Loading...
276 Ur - Dynasty III present Confident 2112 BCE 2004 BCE
Loading...
277 Achaemenid Empire present Confident 550 BCE 331 BCE
Loading...
278 Ak Koyunlu present Inferred 1339 CE 1501 CE
Loading...
279 Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar absent Inferred 7000 BCE 6000 BCE
Loading...
280 Elam - Awan Dynasty I present Inferred 2675 BCE 2100 BCE
Loading...
281 Elymais II present Inferred 25 CE 215 CE
Loading...
282 Formative Period absent Inferred 7200 BCE 7000 BCE
Loading...
283 Susiana B absent Inferred 5700 BCE 5100 BCE
Loading...
284 Susiana - Late Ubaid absent Inferred 4700 BCE 4300 BCE
Loading...
285 Susiana - Early Ubaid absent Inferred 5100 BCE 4700 BCE
Loading...
286 Middle Wagadu Empire present Inferred 700 CE 1077 CE
Loading...
287 Elam - Kidinuid Period present Confident 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
Loading...
288 Elam - Late Sukkalmah present Inferred 1700 BCE 1500 BCE
Loading...
289 Elam - Shutrukid Period present Confident 1199 BCE 1100 BCE
Loading...
290 Elam II present Confident 743 BCE 647 BCE
Loading...
291 Elam III present Inferred 612 BCE 539 BCE
Loading...
292 Parthian Empire I present Confident 247 BCE 40 CE
Loading...
293 Parthian Empire II present Confident 41 CE 226 CE
Loading...
294 Qajar present Confident 1794 CE 1925 CE
Loading...
295 Safavid Empire present Confident 1501 CE 1722 CE
Loading...
296 Sasanid Empire I present Confident 205 CE 487 CE
Loading...
297 Seleucids present Confident 312 BCE 63 BCE
Loading...
298 Elam - Early Sukkalmah present Confident 1900 BCE 1701 BCE
Loading...
299 Susa I absent Inferred 4300 BCE 3800 BCE
Loading...
300 Susa II present Inferred 3800 BCE 3100 BCE
Loading...
301 Susa III present Inferred 3100 BCE 2675 BCE
Loading...
302 Latium - Copper Age absent Confident 3600 BCE 1800 BCE
Loading...
303 Papal States - High Medieval Period present Confident 1198 CE 1309 CE
Loading...
304 Exarchate of Ravenna present Confident 568 CE 751 CE
Loading...
305 Early Roman Republic present Confident 509 BCE 264 BCE
Loading...
306 Late Roman Republic present Confident 133 BCE 31 BCE
Loading...
307 Middle Roman Republic present Confident 264 BCE 133 BCE
Loading...
308 Roman Kingdom present Inferred 716 BCE 509 BCE
Loading...
309 Republic of Venice III present Confident 1204 CE 1563 CE
Loading...
310 Ashikaga Shogunate present Confident 1336 CE 1467 CE
Loading...
311 Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama present Confident 1568 CE 1603 CE
Loading...
312 Heian present Inferred 794 CE 1185 CE
Loading...
313 Japan - Early Jomon absent Inferred 5300 BCE 3500 BCE
Loading...
314 Japan - Middle Jomon absent Inferred 3500 BCE 2500 BCE
Loading...
315 Japan - Late Jomon absent Inferred 2500 BCE 1200 BCE
Loading...
316 Japan - Final Jomon absent Inferred 1200 BCE 300 BCE
Loading...
317 Kamakura Shogunate present Confident 1185 CE 1333 CE
Loading...
318 Tokugawa Shogunate present Confident 1603 CE 1868 CE
Loading...
319 Western Turk Khaganate present Inferred 582 CE 630 CE
Loading...
320 Rouran Khaganate unknown Suspected 300 CE 555 CE
Loading...
321 Zungharian Empire present Inferred 1670 CE 1757 CE
Loading...
322 Classical Angkor present Confident 1100 CE 1220 CE
Loading...
323 Monte Alban Late I absent Confident 300 BCE 100 BCE
Loading...
324 Khmer Kingdom present Confident 1432 CE 1594 CE
Loading...
325 Chenla present Confident 550 CE 825 CE
Loading...
326 Funan I present Confident 225 CE 540 CE
Loading...
327 Funan II present Confident 540 CE 640 CE
Loading...
328 Jenne-jeno IV present Inferred 900 CE 1300 CE
Loading...
329 Mali Empire present Confident 1230 CE 1410 CE
Loading...
330 Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty present Inferred 1493 CE 1591 CE
Loading...
331 Early Monte Alban I absent Confident 500 BCE 300 BCE
Loading...
332 Monte Alban II absent Confident 100 BCE 200 CE
Loading...
333 Monte Alban III absent Confident 200 CE 500 CE
Loading...
334 Monte Alban IIIB and IV absent Confident 500 CE 900 CE
Loading...
335 Monte Alban V absent Confident 900 CE 1520 CE
Loading...
336 Early Formative Basin of Mexico unknown Suspected 1200 BCE 801 BCE
Loading...
337 Late Formative Basin of Mexico unknown Suspected 400 BCE 101 BCE
Loading...
338 Middle Formative Basin of Mexico unknown Suspected 800 BCE 401 BCE
Loading...
339 Pandya Empire present Confident 1216 CE 1323 CE
Loading...
340 Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico unknown Suspected 100 BCE 99 CE
Loading...
341 Oaxaca - San Jose absent Confident 1150 BCE 700 BCE
Loading...
342 Oaxaca - Tierras Largas absent Confident 1400 BCE 1150 BCE
Loading...
343 Kingdom of Norway II absent Confident 1262 CE 1396 CE
Loading...
344 Cuzco - Late Intermediate I absent Inferred 1000 CE 1250 CE
Loading...
345 Inca Empire present Confident 1375 CE 1532 CE
Loading...
346 Wari Empire present Confident 650 CE 999 CE
Loading...
347 Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial absent Confident 1734 CE 1883 CE
Loading...
348 Early United Mexican States present Confident 1810 CE 1920 CE
Loading...
349 Orokaiva - Colonial present Confident 1884 CE 1942 CE
Loading...
350 Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period absent Inferred 1800 BCE 1300 BCE
Loading...
351 Kachi Plain - Urban Period I present Confident 2500 BCE 2100 BCE
Loading...
352 Kachi Plain - Urban Period II present Confident 2100 BCE 1800 BCE
Loading...
353 Egypt - Kushite Period present Inferred 747 BCE 656 BCE
Loading...
354 Umayyad Caliphate present Confident 661 CE 750 CE
Loading...
355 Ayutthaya absent Confident 1593 CE 1767 CE
Loading...
356 Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II present Confident 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
Loading...
357 Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia present Confident 2000 BCE 1700 BCE
Loading...
358 Byzantine Empire I present Confident 632 CE 866 CE
Loading...
359 Kaabu present Inferred 1500 CE 1867 CE
Loading...
360 Byzantine Empire II present Confident 867 CE 1072 CE
Loading...
361 Byzantine Empire III present Confident 1073 CE 1204 CE
Loading...
362 Late Cappadocia present Confident 330 BCE 16 CE
Loading...
363 Kingdom of Lydia present Inferred 670 BCE 546 BCE
Loading...
364 Ottoman Emirate present Confident 1299 CE 1402 CE
Loading...
365 Ottoman Empire I present Confident 1402 CE 1517 CE
Loading...
366 Ottoman Empire II present Confident 1517 CE 1683 CE
Loading...
367 Ottoman Empire III present Confident 1683 CE 1839 CE
Loading...
368 Rum Sultanate present Confident 1077 CE 1307 CE
Loading...
369 Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling present Confident 1055 CE 1199 CE
Loading...
370 Cahokia - Moorehead present Confident 1200 CE 1275 CE
Loading...
371 Qatabanian Commonwealth present Confident 450 BCE 111 BCE
Loading...
372 Rasulid Dynasty present Confident 1229 CE 1453 CE
Loading...
373 Mossi present Inferred 1100 CE 1897 CE
Loading...
374 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early absent Confident 1566 CE 1713 CE
Loading...
375 Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period absent Inferred 1778 CE 1819 CE
Loading...
376 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II present Confident 900 CE 1049 CE
Loading...
377 Cahokia - Sand Prairie present Confident 1275 CE 1400 CE
Loading...
378 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I absent Inferred 750 CE 900 CE
Loading...
379 Oneota absent Inferred 1400 CE 1650 CE
Loading...
380 Khanate of Bukhara present Confident 1599 CE 1747 CE
Loading...
381 Samanid Empire present Confident 819 CE 999 CE
Loading...
382 Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan present Confident 110 BCE 149 CE
Loading...
383 Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty present Inferred 1454 CE 1517 CE
Loading...
384 British Empire I present Confident 1690 CE 1849 CE
Loading...
385 Dutch Empire present Confident 1648 CE 1795 CE
Loading...
386 Kingdom of Jimma present Confident 1790 CE 1932 CE
Loading...
387 Kingdom of Gomma present Confident 1780 CE 1886 CE
Loading...
388 Shoa Sultanate present Confident 1108 CE 1285 CE
Loading...
389 Emirate of Harar present Confident 1650 CE 1875 CE
Loading...
390 Early Sultanate of Aussa present Confident 1734 CE 1895 CE
Loading...
391 Whydah present Confident 1671 CE 1727 CE
Loading...
392 Hausa bakwai present Confident 900 CE 1808 CE
Loading...
393 Early Modern Sierra Leone present Inferred 1650 CE 1896 CE
Loading...
394 British Empire IIIIIIIIII present Confident 1850 CE 1968 CE
Loading...
395 Ifat Sultanate present Inferred 1280 CE 1375 CE
Loading...
396 Foys present Confident 1600 CE 1892 CE
Loading...
397 Benin Empire present Confident 1140 CE 1897 CE
Loading...
398 Kingdom of Cayor present Confident 1549 CE 1864 CE
Loading...
399 Kingdom of Baol present Confident 1550 CE 1890 CE
Loading...
400 Buganda present Confident 1700 CE 1894 CE
Loading...
401 Kingdom of Nyinginya present Confident 1650 CE 1897 CE
Loading...
402 Pandya Dynasty present Confident 590 CE 915 CE
Loading...
403 Early Pandyas present Confident 300 BCE 300 CE
Loading...
404 Carnatic Sultanate present Confident 1710 CE 1801 CE
Loading...
405 Late Pallava Empire present Confident 300 CE 890 CE
Loading...
406 Anurādhapura IV present Inferred 614 CE 1017 CE
Loading...
407 Anurādhapura III present Inferred 428 CE 614 CE
Loading...
408 Adal Sultanate present Inferred 1375 CE 1543 CE
Loading...
409 Ajuran Sultanate present Inferred 1250 CE 1700 CE
Loading...
410 Habr Yunis present Inferred 1300 CE 1886 CE
Loading...
411 Sultanate of Geledi present Inferred 1750 CE 1911 CE
Loading...
412 Harla Kingdom present Inferred 10000 BCE 2000 CE
Loading...
413 Plantagenet England present Confident 1154 CE 1485 CE
Loading...
414 Hadiya Sultanate present Inferred 1300 CE 1680 CE
Loading...
415 Medri Bahri present Inferred 1310 CE 1889 CE
Loading...
416 Majeerteen Sultanate present Inferred 1750 CE 1926 CE
Loading...
417 Funj Sultanate present Inferred 1504 CE 1820 CE
Loading...
418 Kingdom of Gumma present Inferred 1800 CE 1897 CE
Loading...
419 Classical Ife present Inferred 1000 CE 1400 CE
Loading...
420 Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́ present Inferred 1601 CE 1835 CE
Loading...
421 Kingdom of Waalo present Inferred 1287 CE 1855 CE
Loading...
422 Jolof Empire present Inferred 1360 CE 1549 CE
Loading...
423 Imamate of Futa Toro present Inferred 1776 CE 1860 CE
Loading...
424 Denyanke Kingdom present Inferred 1490 CE 1776 CE
Loading...
425 Early Cholas present Inferred 300 BCE 300 CE
Loading...
426 Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom present Inferred 1675 CE 1799 CE
Loading...
427 Middle and Late Nok absent Inferred 1500 BCE 901 BCE
Loading...
428 Middle and Late Nok absent Inferred 900 BCE 0 CE
Loading...
429 Allada absent Inferred 1100 CE 1724 CE
Loading...
430 Sokoto Caliphate absent Inferred 1804 CE 1904 CE
Loading...
431 Kanem unknown Suspected 800 CE 1379 CE
Loading...
432 Armenian Kingdom present Confident 188 BCE 6 CE
Loading...
433 Golden Horde present Confident 1240 CE 1440 CE
Loading...
434 Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty present Confident 1310 CE 1526 CE
Loading...
435 Us Reconstruction-Progressive present Confident 1866 CE 1933 CE
Loading...
436 Chaco Canyon - Late Bonito phase present Confident 1101 CE 1140 CE
Loading...
437 Antebellum US present Confident 1776 CE 1865 CE
Loading...
438 Tudor and Early Stuart England present Confident 1486 CE 1689 CE
Loading...
439 Anglo-Saxon England II present Confident 927 CE 1065 CE
Loading...
440 Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II present Confident 1649 CE 1918 CE
Loading...
441 Khwarezmid Empire present Confident 1157 CE 1231 CE
Loading...
442 Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I present Confident 1454 CE 1648 CE
Loading...
443 Saffarid Caliphate present Confident 861 CE 1003 CE
Loading...
444 Anglo-Saxon England I present Confident 410 CE 926 CE
Loading...
445 Austro-Hungarian Monarchy present Confident 1867 CE 1918 CE
Loading...
446 Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I present Confident 1614 CE 1775 CE
Loading...
447 Yemen Ziyad Dynasty present Confident 822 CE 1037 CE
Loading...
448 Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II present Confident 1776 CE 1917 CE
Loading...
449 Italian Kingdom Late Antiquity present Inferred 476 CE 489 CE
Loading...
450 Ghur Principality unknown Suspected 1025 CE 1215 CE
Loading...
451 Bengal Sultanate present Confident 1338 CE 1538 CE
Loading...
452 British East India Company present Confident 1757 CE 1858 CE
Loading...
453 Nawabs of Bengal present Confident 1717 CE 1757 CE
Loading...
454 Qin Empire present Confident 338 BCE 207 BCE
Loading...
455 Southern Song present Confident 1127 CE 1279 CE
Loading...
456 Eastern Zhou present Inferred 475 BCE 256 BCE
Loading...
457 Macedonian Empire present Confident 330 BCE 312 BCE
Loading...
458 Imamate of Oman and Muscat present Inferred 1749 CE 1895 CE
Loading...
459 Portuguese Empire - Renaissance Period present Confident 1495 CE 1579 CE
Loading...
460 Portuguese Empire - Early Modern present Confident 1640 CE 1806 CE
Loading...