Section: Social Complexity / Transport infrastructure
Variable: Road (All coded records)
Talking about Transport infrastructure, roads refers to deliberately constructed roads that connect settlements or other sites. It excludes streets/accessways within settlements and paths between settlements that develop through repeated use.  
Road
#  Polity  Coded Value Tags Year(s) Edit Desc
1 Susiana - Early Ubaid absent Inferred 5100 BCE 4700 BCE
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2 Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period absent Inferred 1778 CE 1819 CE
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3 Badarian absent Inferred 4400 BCE 3800 BCE
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4 Monte Alban II absent Confident 100 BCE 200 CE
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5 Ottoman Empire Late Period absent Confident 1873 CE 1920 CE
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6 Naqada I absent Inferred 3800 BCE 3550 BCE
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7 Naqada II absent Inferred 3550 BCE 3300 BCE
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8 Egypt - Dynasty 0 absent Inferred 3300 BCE 3100 BCE
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9 Early Nyoro absent Inferred 900 CE 1449 CE
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10 Middle and Late Nok absent Inferred 1500 BCE 901 BCE
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11 Pre-Ceramic Period absent Inferred 7800 BCE 7200 BCE
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12 Cuzco - Late Intermediate I absent Inferred 1000 CE 1250 CE
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13 Icelandic Commonwealth absent Confident 930 CE 1262 CE
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14 Latium - Bronze Age absent Confident 1800 BCE 900 BCE
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15 Kingdom of Norway II absent Confident 1262 CE 1396 CE
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16 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early absent Confident 1566 CE 1713 CE
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17 Oneota absent Inferred 1400 CE 1650 CE
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18 Ayutthaya absent Confident 1593 CE 1767 CE
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19 Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period absent Inferred 1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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20 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I absent Inferred 750 CE 900 CE
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21 Japan - Incipient Jomon absent Inferred 13600 BCE 9200 BCE
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22 Susiana - Late Ubaid absent Inferred 4700 BCE 4300 BCE
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23 Susiana B absent Inferred 5700 BCE 5100 BCE
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24 Formative Period absent Inferred 7200 BCE 7000 BCE
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25 Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar absent Inferred 7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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26 Late A'chik absent Confident 1867 CE 1956 CE
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27 Early A'chik absent Confident 1775 CE 1867 CE
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28 Early Mongols absent Confident 1000 CE 1206 CE
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29 Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial absent Confident 1841 CE 1987 CE
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30 Japan - Initial Jomon absent Inferred 9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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31 Akan - Pre-Ashanti absent Inferred 1501 CE 1701 CE
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32 Chuuk - Early Truk absent Confident 1775 CE 1886 CE
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33 Shuar - Ecuadorian absent Confident 1831 CE 1931 CE
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34 Shuar - Colonial absent Confident 1534 CE 1830 CE
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35 Neguanje absent Inferred 250 CE 575 CE
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36 Yangshao absent Inferred 5000 BCE 3000 BCE
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37 Cahokia - Late Woodland III absent Inferred 600 CE 750 CE
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38 Cahokia - Late Woodland II absent Inferred 450 CE 600 CE
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39 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late absent Confident 1714 CE 1848 CE
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40 Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic absent Inferred 5500 BCE 3000 BCE
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41 Sokoto Caliphate absent Inferred 1804 CE 1904 CE
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42 Allada absent Inferred 1100 CE 1724 CE
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43 Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic absent Confident 7000 BCE 6600 BCE
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44 Konya Plain - Late Neolithic absent Confident 6600 BCE 6000 BCE
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45 Bito Dynasty absent Inferred 1700 CE 1799 CE
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46 Oaxaca - Tierras Largas absent Confident 1400 BCE 1150 BCE
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47 Bito Dynasty absent Confident 1800 CE 1894 CE
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48 Early Monte Alban I absent Confident 500 BCE 300 BCE
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49 Oaxaca - San Jose absent Confident 1150 BCE 700 BCE
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50 Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial absent Confident 1734 CE 1883 CE
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51 Early Xiongnu absent Inferred 1400 BCE 300 BCE
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52 Monte Alban V absent Confident 900 CE 1520 CE
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53 Oaxaca - Rosario absent Confident 700 BCE 500 BCE
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54 Iban - Pre-Brooke absent Confident 1650 CE 1841 CE
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55 Monte Alban Late I absent Confident 300 BCE 100 BCE
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56 Kansai - Kofun Period absent Confident Uncertain 250 CE 499 CE
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57 Sakha - Early absent Confident 1400 CE 1632 CE
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58 Japan - Final Jomon absent Inferred 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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59 Rattanakosin absent Confident 1782 CE 1857 CE
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60 Japan - Late Jomon absent Inferred 2500 BCE 1200 BCE
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61 Japan - Middle Jomon absent Inferred 3500 BCE 2500 BCE
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62 Japan - Early Jomon absent Inferred 5300 BCE 3500 BCE
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63 Latium - Copper Age absent Confident 3600 BCE 1800 BCE
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64 Susa I absent Inferred 4300 BCE 3800 BCE
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65 Hawaii II absent Inferred 1200 CE 1580 CE
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66 Cahokia - Early Woodland absent Confident 600 BCE 150 BCE
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67 Cahokia - Middle Woodland absent Confident 150 BCE 300 CE
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68 Cahokia - Late Woodland I absent Confident 300 CE 450 CE
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69 Early Illinois Confederation absent Inferred 1640 CE 1717 CE
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70 Hmong - Early Chinese absent Confident 1895 CE 1941 CE
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71 Durrani Empire absent Confident 1747 CE 1826 CE
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72 Cwezi Dynasty absent Inferred 1450 CE 1699 CE
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73 Monte Alban V Early Postclassic absent Confident 900 CE 1099 CE
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74 Monte Alban V Late Postclassic absent Confident 1101 CE 1520 CE
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75 Middle and Late Nok absent Inferred 900 BCE 0 CE
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76 Monte Alban IIIB and IV absent Confident 500 CE 900 CE
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77 Monte Alban III absent Confident 200 CE 500 CE
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78 Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period present Inferred 1069 BCE 747 BCE
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79 French Kingdom - Early Bourbon present Confident 1589 CE 1660 CE
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80 French Kingdom - Late Bourbon present Confident 1660 CE 1815 CE
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81 Carolingian Empire II present Confident 840 CE 987 CE
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82 La Tene A-B1 present Confident 475 BCE 325 BCE
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83 French Kingdom - Early Valois present Confident 1328 CE 1450 CE
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84 Himyar I present Inferred 270 CE 340 CE
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85 Papal States - Early Modern Period I present Confident 1527 CE 1648 CE
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86 Papal States - Early Modern Period II present Confident 1648 CE 1809 CE
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87 Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity present Confident 395 CE 476 CE
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88 Kediri Kingdom present Confident 1049 CE 1222 CE
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89 Majapahit Kingdom present Confident 1292 CE 1518 CE
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90 Medang Kingdom present Confident 732 CE 1019 CE
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91 Yisrael present Inferred 1030 BCE 722 BCE
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92 Mughal Empire present Confident 1526 CE 1858 CE
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93 Vijayanagara Empire present Confident 1336 CE 1646 CE
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94 Abbasid Caliphate II present Confident 1191 CE 1258 CE
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95 Neo-Assyrian Empire present Confident 911 BCE 612 BCE
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96 Neo-Babylonian Empire present Confident 626 BCE 539 BCE
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97 Buyid Confederation present Confident 932 CE 1062 CE
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98 Ilkhanate present Confident 1256 CE 1339 CE
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99 Elam - Igihalkid Period present Inferred 1399 BCE 1200 BCE
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100 Elam I present Inferred 900 BCE 744 BCE
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101 Seljuk Sultanate present Confident 1037 CE 1157 CE
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102 Ostrogothic Kingdom present Confident 489 CE 554 CE
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103 Rome - Republic of St Peter II present Confident 904 CE 1198 CE
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104 Papal States - Renaissance Period present Confident 1378 CE 1527 CE
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105 Roman Empire - Principate present Confident 31 BCE 284 CE
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106 Republic of St Peter I present Confident 711 CE 904 CE
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107 Asuka present Confident 538 CE 710 CE
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108 East Roman Empire present Confident 395 CE 631 CE
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109 Lysimachus Kingdom present Inferred 323 BCE 281 BCE
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110 Nara Kingdom present Confident 710 CE 794 CE
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111 Kara-Khanids present Confident 950 CE 1212 CE
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112 Late Angkor present Inferred 1220 CE 1432 CE
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113 Phoenician Empire present Inferred 1200 BCE 332 BCE
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114 Bamana kingdom present Confident 1712 CE 1861 CE
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115 Uigur Khaganate present Inferred 745 CE 840 CE
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116 Later Wagadu Empire present Confident 1078 CE 1203 CE
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117 Cuzco - Late Intermediate II present Confident 1250 CE 1400 CE
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118 Indo-Greek Kingdom present Inferred 180 BCE 10 BCE
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119 Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period present Inferred 1300 BCE 500 BCE
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120 Sakha - Late present Confident 1632 CE 1900 CE
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121 Fatimid Caliphate present Confident 909 CE 1171 CE
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122 Hatti - New Kingdom present Confident 1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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123 Hatti - Old Kingdom present Confident 1650 BCE 1500 BCE
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124 Neo-Hittite Kingdoms present Inferred 1180 BCE 900 BCE
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125 Sogdiana - City-States Period present Inferred 604 CE 711 CE
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126 Himyar II present Inferred 378 CE 525 CE
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127 Greco-Bactrian Kingdom present Confident 256 BCE 125 BCE
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128 Hephthalites present Inferred 408 CE 561 CE
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129 Kidarite Kingdom present Inferred 388 CE 477 CE
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130 Kushan Empire present Confident 35 CE 319 CE
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131 Erligang present Inferred 1650 BCE 1250 BCE
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132 Erlitou present Confident 1850 BCE 1600 BCE
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133 Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II present Confident 1776 CE 1917 CE
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134 Italian Kingdom Late Antiquity present Inferred 476 CE 489 CE
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135 Bengal Sultanate present Confident 1338 CE 1538 CE
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136 British East India Company present Confident 1757 CE 1858 CE
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137 Nawabs of Bengal present Confident 1717 CE 1757 CE
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138 Qin Empire present Confident 338 BCE 207 BCE
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139 Southern Song present Confident 1127 CE 1279 CE
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140 Eastern Zhou present Inferred 475 BCE 256 BCE
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141 Macedonian Empire present Confident 330 BCE 312 BCE
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142 Imamate of Oman and Muscat present Inferred 1749 CE 1895 CE
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143 Portuguese Empire - Renaissance Period present Confident 1495 CE 1579 CE
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144 Portuguese Empire - Early Modern present Confident 1640 CE 1806 CE
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145 Grand Principality of Moscow, Rurikid Dynasty present Confident 1480 CE 1613 CE
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146 Kievan Rus present Inferred 880 CE 1242 CE
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147 Almoravids present Confident 1035 CE 1150 CE
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148 Axum II present Confident 350 CE 599 CE
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149 Axum III present Confident 600 CE 800 CE
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150 Bagan present Confident 1044 CE 1287 CE
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151 Bulgaria - Early present Inferred 681 CE 864 CE
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152 Bulgaria - Middle present Inferred 865 CE 1018 CE
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153 Chaulukya Dynasty present Confident 941 CE 1245 CE
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154 Chu Kingdom - Spring and Autumn Period present Inferred 740 BCE 489 BCE
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155 Chu Kingdom - Warring States Period present Inferred 488 BCE 223 BCE
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156 Duchy of Aquitaine I present Confident 602 CE 768 CE
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157 Kingdom of Congo present Confident 1491 CE 1568 CE
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158 Kingdom of Georgia II present Confident 975 CE 1243 CE
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159 Kingdom of Sicily - Hohenstaufen and Angevin dynasties present Confident 1194 CE 1281 CE
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160 Malacca Sultanate present Inferred 1270 CE 1415 CE
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161 Mauretania present Inferred 125 BCE 44 CE
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162 Novgorod Land present Inferred 880 CE 1240 CE
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163 Paramara Dynasty present Inferred 974 CE 1235 CE
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164 Songhai Empire present Inferred 1376 CE 1493 CE
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165 Xixia present Inferred 1032 CE 1227 CE
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166 * Norman England present Confident 1066 CE 1153 CE
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167 Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty present Confident 730 CE 1030 CE
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168 * East Francia present Suspected 842 CE 919 CE
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169 * Ottoman Empire IV present Confident 1839 CE 1922 CE
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170 Five Dynasties Period present Confident 906 CE 970 CE
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171 Timurid Empire present Confident 1370 CE 1526 CE
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172 Western Jin present Inferred 265 CE 317 CE
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173 Wei Kingdom present Confident 220 CE 265 CE
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174 Jin Dynasty present Confident 1115 CE 1234 CE
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175 Tang Dynasty II present Confident 763 CE 907 CE
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176 Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period present Inferred 404 BCE 342 BCE
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177 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period present Inferred 1720 BCE 1567 BCE
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178 Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period present Confident 868 CE 969 CE
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179 British Empire II present Confident 1850 CE 1968 CE
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180 Archaic Crete present Confident 710 BCE 500 BCE
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181 Classical Crete present Confident 500 BCE 323 BCE
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182 The Emirate of Crete present Confident 824 CE 961 CE
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183 Final Postpalatial Crete present Confident 1200 BCE 1000 BCE
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184 Geometric Crete present Confident 1000 BCE 710 BCE
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185 Hellenistic Crete present Confident 323 BCE 69 BCE
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186 Monopalatial Crete present Confident 1450 BCE 1300 BCE
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187 New Palace Crete present Confident 1700 BCE 1450 BCE
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188 Postpalatial Crete present Confident 1300 BCE 1200 BCE
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189 Tocharians present Inferred 129 BCE 29 CE
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190 Eastern Han Empire present Confident 25 CE 220 CE
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191 Hmong - Late Qing present Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
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192 Early Wei Dynasty present Inferred 445 BCE 225 BCE
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193 Koktepe II present Inferred 750 BCE 550 BCE
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194 Spanish Empire II present Confident 1716 CE 1814 CE
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195 Kingdom of Kaffa present Confident 1845 CE 1854 CE
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196 Lombard Kingdom present Confident 568 CE 774 CE
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197 Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period present Confident 1820 CE 1898 CE
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198 Napoleonic France present Confident 1816 CE 1870 CE
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199 Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty present Confident 919 CE 1125 CE
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200 Great Ming present Confident 1368 CE 1644 CE
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201 Late Shang present Confident 1250 BCE 1045 BCE
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202 Sui Dynasty present Confident 581 CE 618 CE
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203 Great Yuan present Confident 1271 CE 1368 CE
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204 Ayyubid Sultanate present Confident 1171 CE 1250 CE
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205 Egypt - Dynasty I present Confident 3100 BCE 2900 BCE
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206 Egypt - Dynasty II present Confident 2900 BCE 2687 BCE
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207 Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom present Confident 2650 BCE 2350 BCE
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208 Ptolemaic Kingdom I present Confident 305 BCE 217 BCE
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209 Ptolemaic Kingdom II present Confident 217 BCE 30 BCE
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210 Kingdom of Gomma present Confident 1780 CE 1886 CE
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211 Shoa Sultanate present Confident 1108 CE 1285 CE
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212 Emirate of Harar present Confident 1650 CE 1875 CE
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213 Early Sultanate of Aussa present Confident 1734 CE 1895 CE
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214 Whydah present Confident 1671 CE 1727 CE
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215 Hausa bakwai present Confident 900 CE 1808 CE
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216 Early Modern Sierra Leone present Inferred 1650 CE 1896 CE
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217 British Empire IIIIIIIIII present Confident 1850 CE 1968 CE
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218 Ifat Sultanate present Inferred 1280 CE 1375 CE
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219 Foys present Confident 1600 CE 1892 CE
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220 Benin Empire present Confident 1140 CE 1897 CE
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221 Kingdom of Cayor present Confident 1549 CE 1864 CE
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222 Kingdom of Baol present Confident 1550 CE 1890 CE
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223 Buganda present Confident 1700 CE 1894 CE
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224 Kingdom of Nyinginya present Confident 1650 CE 1897 CE
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225 Pandya Dynasty present Confident 590 CE 915 CE
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226 Early Pandyas present Confident 300 BCE 300 CE
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227 Carnatic Sultanate present Confident 1710 CE 1801 CE
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228 Late Pallava Empire present Confident 300 CE 890 CE
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229 Anurādhapura IV present Inferred 614 CE 1017 CE
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230 Anurādhapura III present Inferred 428 CE 614 CE
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231 Adal Sultanate present Inferred 1375 CE 1543 CE
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232 Ajuran Sultanate present Inferred 1250 CE 1700 CE
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233 Habr Yunis present Inferred 1300 CE 1886 CE
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234 Sultanate of Geledi present Inferred 1750 CE 1911 CE
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235 Harla Kingdom present Inferred 10000 BCE 2000 CE
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236 Plantagenet England present Confident 1154 CE 1485 CE
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237 Hadiya Sultanate present Inferred 1300 CE 1680 CE
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238 Medri Bahri present Inferred 1310 CE 1889 CE
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239 Majeerteen Sultanate present Inferred 1750 CE 1926 CE
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240 Funj Sultanate present Inferred 1504 CE 1820 CE
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241 Kingdom of Gumma present Inferred 1800 CE 1897 CE
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242 Classical Ife present Inferred 1000 CE 1400 CE
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243 Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́ present Inferred 1601 CE 1835 CE
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244 Kingdom of Waalo present Inferred 1287 CE 1855 CE
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245 Jolof Empire present Inferred 1360 CE 1549 CE
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246 Imamate of Futa Toro present Inferred 1776 CE 1860 CE
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247 Denyanke Kingdom present Inferred 1490 CE 1776 CE
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248 Early Cholas present Inferred 300 BCE 300 CE
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249 Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom present Inferred 1675 CE 1799 CE
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250 Armenian Kingdom present Confident 188 BCE 6 CE
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251 Golden Horde present Confident 1240 CE 1440 CE
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252 Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty present Confident 1310 CE 1526 CE
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253 Us Reconstruction-Progressive present Confident 1866 CE 1933 CE
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254 Chaco Canyon - Late Bonito phase present Confident 1101 CE 1140 CE
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255 Antebellum US present Confident 1776 CE 1865 CE
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256 Tudor and Early Stuart England present Confident 1486 CE 1689 CE
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257 Anglo-Saxon England II present Confident 927 CE 1065 CE
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258 Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II present Confident 1649 CE 1918 CE
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259 Khwarezmid Empire present Confident 1157 CE 1231 CE
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260 Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I present Confident 1454 CE 1648 CE
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261 Saffarid Caliphate present Confident 861 CE 1003 CE
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262 Anglo-Saxon England I present Confident 410 CE 926 CE
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263 Austro-Hungarian Monarchy present Confident 1867 CE 1918 CE
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264 Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I present Confident 1614 CE 1775 CE
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265 Soviet Union present Confident 1923 CE 1991 CE
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266 Yemen Ziyad Dynasty present Confident 822 CE 1037 CE
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267 Phrygian Kingdom present Confident 900 BCE 695 BCE
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268 Roman Empire - Dominate present Confident 285 CE 394 CE
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269 Chagatai Khanate present Inferred 1263 CE 1402 CE
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270 Ancient Khwarazm present Inferred 1000 BCE 521 BCE
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271 Jin present Inferred 780 BCE 404 BCE
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272 Longshan present Inferred 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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273 Northern Song present Confident 960 CE 1127 CE
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274 Northern Wei present Confident 386 CE 534 CE
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275 Early Qing present Confident 1644 CE 1796 CE
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276 Late Qing present Confident 1796 CE 1912 CE
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277 Tang Dynasty I present Confident 617 CE 763 CE
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278 Western Han Empire present Confident 202 BCE 9 CE
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279 Western Zhou present Confident 1122 BCE 771 BCE
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280 Neguanje present Confident 576 CE 1050 CE
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281 Republic of Venice IV present Confident 1564 CE 1797 CE
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282 Tairona present Confident 1050 CE 1524 CE
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283 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I present Confident 1260 CE 1348 CE
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284 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III present Confident 1412 CE 1517 CE
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285 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II present Confident 1348 CE 1412 CE
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286 Egypt - Middle Kingdom present Confident 2016 BCE 1700 BCE
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287 Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period present Confident 1293 BCE 1070 BCE
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288 Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period present Confident 1550 BCE 1293 BCE
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289 Egypt - Late Old Kingdom present Confident 2350 BCE 2150 BCE
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290 Egypt - Period of the Regions present Inferred 2150 BCE 2016 BCE
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291 Egypt - Saite Period present Inferred 664 BCE 525 BCE
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292 Spanish Empire I present Confident 1516 CE 1715 CE
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293 Early Angkor present Confident 802 CE 1100 CE
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294 Chuuk - Late Truk present Confident 1886 CE 1948 CE
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295 Atlantic Complex present Inferred 2200 BCE 1000 BCE
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296 Beaker Culture present Inferred 3200 BCE 2000 BCE
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297 Proto-French Kingdom present Confident 987 CE 1150 CE
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298 French Kingdom - Late Capetian present Confident 1150 CE 1328 CE
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299 Early Merovingian present Confident 481 CE 543 CE
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300 Proto-Carolingian present Confident 687 CE 751 CE
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301 Middle Merovingian present Confident 543 CE 687 CE
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302 La Tene B2-C1 present Inferred 325 BCE 175 BCE
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303 La Tene C2-D present Confident 175 BCE 27 BCE
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304 French Kingdom - Late Valois present Confident 1450 CE 1589 CE
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305 Khitan I present Confident 907 CE 1125 CE
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306 Magadha - Maurya Empire present Confident 324 BCE 187 BCE
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307 Rashtrakuta Empire present Confident 753 CE 973 CE
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308 Ashanti Empire present Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
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309 Hawaii III present Confident 1580 CE 1778 CE
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310 Mataram Sultanate present Confident 1568 CE 1755 CE
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311 Canaan present Inferred 2000 BCE 1175 BCE
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312 Yehuda present Inferred 141 BCE 63 BCE
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313 Delhi Sultanate present Confident 1206 CE 1526 CE
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314 Mongol Empire present Confident 1206 CE 1368 CE
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315 Satavahana Empire present Confident 100 BCE 200 CE
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316 Abbasid Caliphate I present Confident 750 CE 946 CE
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317 Akkadian Empire present Confident 2270 BCE 2083 BCE
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318 Kassite Babylonia present Inferred 1595 BCE 1150 BCE
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319 Bazi Dynasty present Inferred 1005 BCE 986 BCE
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320 Dynasty of E present Inferred 979 BCE 732 BCE
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321 Second Dynasty of Isin present Inferred 1153 BCE 1027 BCE
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322 Isin-Larsa present Inferred 2004 BCE 1763 BCE
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323 Ur - Dynasty III present Confident 2112 BCE 2004 BCE
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324 Achaemenid Empire present Confident 550 BCE 331 BCE
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325 Ak Koyunlu present Inferred 1339 CE 1501 CE
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326 Elam - Awan Dynasty I present Inferred 2675 BCE 2100 BCE
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327 Elymais II present Inferred 25 CE 215 CE
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328 Middle Wagadu Empire present Inferred 700 CE 1077 CE
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329 Elam - Kidinuid Period present Confident 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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330 Elam - Late Sukkalmah present Inferred 1700 BCE 1500 BCE
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331 Elam - Shutrukid Period present Confident 1199 BCE 1100 BCE
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332 Elam II present Confident 743 BCE 647 BCE
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333 Elam III present Inferred 612 BCE 539 BCE
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334 Parthian Empire I present Confident 247 BCE 40 CE
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335 Parthian Empire II present Confident 41 CE 226 CE
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336 Qajar present Confident 1794 CE 1925 CE
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337 Safavid Empire present Confident 1501 CE 1722 CE
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338 Sasanid Empire I present Confident 205 CE 487 CE
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339 Seleucids present Confident 312 BCE 63 BCE
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340 Elam - Early Sukkalmah present Confident 1900 BCE 1701 BCE
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341 Susa II present Inferred 3800 BCE 3100 BCE
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342 Susa III present Inferred 3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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343 Papal States - High Medieval Period present Confident 1198 CE 1309 CE
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344 Exarchate of Ravenna present Confident 568 CE 751 CE
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345 Early Roman Republic present Confident 509 BCE 264 BCE
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346 Late Roman Republic present Confident 133 BCE 31 BCE
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347 Middle Roman Republic present Confident 264 BCE 133 BCE
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348 Roman Kingdom present Inferred 716 BCE 509 BCE
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349 Republic of Venice III present Confident 1204 CE 1563 CE
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350 Ashikaga Shogunate present Confident 1336 CE 1467 CE
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351 Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama present Confident 1568 CE 1603 CE
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352 Heian present Inferred 794 CE 1185 CE
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353 Kamakura Shogunate present Confident 1185 CE 1333 CE
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354 Kansai - Kofun Period present Confident Uncertain 250 CE 499 CE
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355 Tokugawa Shogunate present Confident 1603 CE 1868 CE
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356 Western Turk Khaganate present Inferred 582 CE 630 CE
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357 Zungharian Empire present Inferred 1670 CE 1757 CE
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358 Classical Angkor present Confident 1100 CE 1220 CE
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359 Khmer Kingdom present Confident 1432 CE 1594 CE
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360 Chenla present Confident 550 CE 825 CE
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361 Funan I present Confident 225 CE 540 CE
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362 Funan II present Confident 540 CE 640 CE
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363 Jenne-jeno IV present Inferred 900 CE 1300 CE
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364 Mali Empire present Confident 1230 CE 1410 CE
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365 Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty present Inferred 1493 CE 1591 CE
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366 Pandya Empire present Confident 1216 CE 1323 CE
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367 Inca Empire present Confident 1375 CE 1532 CE
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368 Wari Empire present Confident 650 CE 999 CE
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369 Kansai - Kofun Period present Inferred 500 CE
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370 Early United Mexican States present Confident 1810 CE 1920 CE
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371 Orokaiva - Colonial present Confident 1884 CE 1942 CE
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372 Kachi Plain - Urban Period I present Confident 2500 BCE 2100 BCE
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373 Kachi Plain - Urban Period II present Confident 2100 BCE 1800 BCE
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374 Egypt - Kushite Period present Inferred 747 BCE 656 BCE
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375 Umayyad Caliphate present Confident 661 CE 750 CE
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376 Rattanakosin present Confident 1857 CE 1873 CE
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377 Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II present Confident 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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378 Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia present Confident 2000 BCE 1700 BCE
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379 Byzantine Empire I present Confident 632 CE 866 CE
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380 Kaabu present Inferred 1500 CE 1867 CE
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381 Byzantine Empire II present Confident 867 CE 1072 CE
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382 Byzantine Empire III present Confident 1073 CE 1204 CE
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383 Late Cappadocia present Confident 330 BCE 16 CE
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384 Kingdom of Lydia present Inferred 670 BCE 546 BCE
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385 Ottoman Emirate present Confident 1299 CE 1402 CE
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386 Ottoman Empire I present Confident 1402 CE 1517 CE
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387 Ottoman Empire II present Confident 1517 CE 1683 CE
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388 Ottoman Empire III present Confident 1683 CE 1839 CE
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389 Rum Sultanate present Confident 1077 CE 1307 CE
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390 Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling present Confident 1055 CE 1199 CE
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391 Cahokia - Moorehead present Confident 1200 CE 1275 CE
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392 Qatabanian Commonwealth present Confident 450 BCE 111 BCE
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393 Rasulid Dynasty present Confident 1229 CE 1453 CE
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394 Mossi present Inferred 1100 CE 1897 CE
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395 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II present Confident 900 CE 1049 CE
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396 Cahokia - Sand Prairie present Confident 1275 CE 1400 CE
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397 Khanate of Bukhara present Confident 1599 CE 1747 CE
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398 Samanid Empire present Confident 819 CE 999 CE
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399 Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan present Confident 110 BCE 149 CE
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400 Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty present Inferred 1454 CE 1517 CE
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401 British Empire I present Confident 1690 CE 1849 CE
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402 Dutch Empire present Confident 1648 CE 1795 CE
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403 Kingdom of Jimma present Confident 1790 CE 1932 CE
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404 Idrisids uncoded Undecided 789 CE 917 CE
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405 Kingdom of Kaffa unknown Suspected 1390 CE 1844 CE
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406 Second Turk Khaganate unknown Suspected 682 CE 744 CE
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407 Koktepe I unknown Suspected 1400 BCE 1000 BCE
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408 Sarazm unknown Suspected 3500 BCE 2000 BCE
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409 Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period unknown Suspected 3200 BCE 2500 BCE
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410 Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic unknown Suspected 4000 BCE 3200 BCE
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411 Uruk unknown Suspected 4000 BCE 2900 BCE
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412 Oyo unknown Suspected 1300 CE 1535 CE
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413 Hohokam Culture unknown Suspected 300 CE 1500 CE
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414 Prepalatial Crete unknown Suspected 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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415 Eastern Turk Khaganate unknown Suspected 583 CE 630 CE
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416 Early Formative Basin of Mexico unknown Suspected 1200 BCE 801 BCE
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417 Jenne-jeno III unknown Suspected 400 CE 899 CE
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418 Late Formative Basin of Mexico unknown Suspected 400 BCE 101 BCE
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419 Middle Formative Basin of Mexico unknown Suspected 800 BCE 401 BCE
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420 Yueban unknown Suspected 350 CE 450 CE
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421 Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico unknown Suspected 100 BCE 99 CE
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422 Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic unknown Suspected 5500 BCE 4000 BCE
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423 Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic unknown Suspected 7500 BCE 5500 BCE
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424 Old Palace Crete unknown Suspected 1900 BCE 1700 BCE
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425 Neolithic Crete unknown Suspected 7000 BCE 3000 BCE
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426 Ubaid unknown Suspected 5500 BCE 4201 BCE
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427 Cuzco - Late Formative unknown Suspected 500 BCE 200 CE
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428 Hallstatt C unknown Suspected 700 BCE 600 BCE
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429 Cuzco - Early Intermediate II unknown Suspected 500 CE 649 CE
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430 Kadamba Empire unknown Suspected 345 CE 550 CE
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431 Hoysala Kingdom unknown Suspected 1108 CE 1346 CE
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432 Deccan - Neolithic unknown Suspected 2700 BCE 1200 BCE
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433 Hallstatt A-B1 unknown Suspected 1000 BCE 900 BCE
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434 Jenne-jeno II unknown Suspected 50 CE 399 CE
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435 Carolingian Empire I unknown Suspected 752 CE 840 CE
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436 Chalukyas of Kalyani unknown Suspected 973 CE 1189 CE
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437 Jenne-jeno I unknown Suspected 250 BCE 49 CE
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438 Saadi Sultanate unknown Suspected 1554 CE 1659 CE
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439 Andronovo unknown Suspected 1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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440 Axum I unknown Suspected 149 BCE 349 CE
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441 Xiongnu Imperial Confederation unknown Suspected 209 BCE 60 BCE
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442 Kampili Kingdom unknown Suspected 1280 CE 1327 CE
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443 Third Scythian Kingdom unknown Suspected 429 BCE 225 BCE
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444 Rouran Khaganate unknown Suspected 300 CE 555 CE
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445 Numidia unknown Suspected 220 BCE 46 BCE
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446 Hawaii I unknown Suspected 1000 CE 1200 CE
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447 Hallstatt B2-3 unknown Suspected 900 BCE 700 BCE
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448 Chalukyas of Badami unknown Suspected 543 CE 753 CE
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449 Banu Ghaniya unknown Suspected 1126 CE 1227 CE
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450 Avar Khaganate unknown Suspected 586 CE 822 CE
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451 Zagwe unknown Suspected 1137 CE 1269 CE
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452 Kazan Khanate unknown Suspected 1438 CE 1552 CE
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453 Kangju unknown Suspected 150 BCE 350 CE
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454 Ghur Principality unknown Suspected 1025 CE 1215 CE
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455 Late Xiongnu unknown Suspected 60 BCE 100 CE
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456 Kanem unknown Suspected 800 CE 1379 CE
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457 Sasanid Empire II unknown Suspected 488 CE 642 CE
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458 Xianbei Confederation unknown Suspected 100 CE 250 CE
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459 Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty unknown Suspected 1637 CE 1805 CE
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460 Hallstatt D unknown Suspected 600 BCE 475 BCE
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