Project Home
Variables
Seshat
General Variables
Social Complexity Variables
Warfare Variables (MilTech)
Religion Tolerance
Human Sacrifice
CrisisDB
Crisis Consequences
Power Transitions
🇺🇸 US Political Violence Database
Qing Crisis
Objects
Polities
Seshat Regions
Capitals
References
Connect
Downloads
Documentation
API
GitHub
World Map
Sign Up
Login
Section
: Social Complexity / Writing Systems
Variable:
Phonetic Alphabetic Writing
(All coded records)
Talking about Writing Systems, this refers to the kind of script
Phonetic Alphabetic Writing
#
Polity
Coded Value
Tags
Year(s)
Edit
Desc
1
Canaan
absent
Confident
2000
BCE
1801
BCE
Loading...
2
Canaan
present
Confident
Disputed
1800
BCE
1550
BCE
Loading...
3
Canaan
absent
Confident
Disputed
1800
BCE
1550
BCE
Loading...
4
Canaan
present
Confident
1550
BCE
1175
BCE
Loading...
5
Kaabu
unknown
Suspected
1550
CE
1699
CE
Loading...
6
Sakha - Late
absent
Confident
1632
CE
1800
CE
Loading...
7
Early Modern Sierra Leone
absent
Inferred
1650
CE
1832
CE
Loading...
8
Buganda
absent
Confident
1700
CE
1859
CE
Loading...
9
Bito Dynasty
absent
Confident
1700
CE
1859
CE
Loading...
10
Kaabu
present
Confident
1700
CE
1867
CE
Loading...
11
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
absent
Confident
1714
CE
1831
CE
Loading...
12
Spanish Empire II
present
Confident
1716
CE
1814
CE
Loading...
13
Nkore
absent
Confident
1750
CE
1859
CE
Loading...
14
Sakha - Late
present
Confident
1801
CE
1900
CE
Loading...
15
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
present
Confident
1832
CE
1848
CE
Loading...
16
Early Modern Sierra Leone
present
Confident
1833
CE
1896
CE
Loading...
17
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
absent
Confident
1841
CE
1921
CE
Loading...
18
Buganda
present
Confident
1860
CE
1894
CE
Loading...
19
Bito Dynasty
present
Inferred
1860
CE
1894
CE
Loading...
20
Nkore
unknown
Suspected
1860
CE
1901
CE
Loading...
21
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II
present
Confident
1867
CE
1918
CE
Loading...
22
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
present
Confident
1922
CE
1987
CE
Loading...
23
Soviet Union
present
Confident
1923
CE
1991
CE
Loading...
24
Lombard Kingdom
present
Confident
568
CE
774
CE
Loading...
25
Us Reconstruction-Progressive
present
Confident
1866
CE
1933
CE
Loading...
26
Chaco Canyon - Late Bonito phase
absent
Confident
1101
CE
1140
CE
Loading...
27
Antebellum US
present
Confident
1776
CE
1865
CE
Loading...
28
Tudor and Early Stuart England
absent
Confident
1486
CE
1689
CE
Loading...
29
Khwarezmid Empire
present
Confident
1157
CE
1231
CE
Loading...
30
Alaouite Dynasty I
present
Confident
1631
CE
1727
CE
Loading...
31
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I
present
Confident
1454
CE
1648
CE
Loading...
32
Golden Horde
absent
Confident
1240
CE
1440
CE
Loading...
33
Bulgaria - Early
uncoded
Undecided
681
CE
864
CE
Loading...
34
Bulgaria - Middle
uncoded
Undecided
865
CE
1018
CE
Loading...
35
Chandela Kingdom
present
Confident
950
CE
1308
CE
Loading...
36
Chauhana Dynasty
present
Confident
973
CE
1192
CE
Loading...
37
Chaulukya Dynasty
present
Confident
941
CE
1245
CE
Loading...
38
Chu Kingdom - Spring and Autumn Period
absent
Confident
740
BCE
489
BCE
Loading...
39
Chu Kingdom - Warring States Period
absent
Confident
488
BCE
223
BCE
Loading...
40
Early Greater Coclé
absent
Confident
200
CE
700
CE
Loading...
41
Early Maravi
absent
Confident
1400
CE
1499
CE
Loading...
42
Early Nyoro
absent
Confident
900
CE
1449
CE
Loading...
43
Early Tana 1
unknown
Suspected
500
CE
749
CE
Loading...
44
Early Wagadu Empire
absent
Inferred
250
CE
700
CE
Loading...
45
Jayarid Khanate
present
Confident
1336
CE
1393
CE
Loading...
46
Kakatiya Dynasty
present
Confident
1175
CE
1324
CE
Loading...
47
Kamarupa Kingdom
present
Confident
350
CE
1130
CE
Loading...
48
Kingdom of Sicily - Hohenstaufen and Angevin dynasties
present
Confident
1194
CE
1281
CE
Loading...
49
La Mula-Sarigua
absent
Confident
1300
BCE
200
CE
Loading...
50
Late East Africa Iron Age
absent
Confident
800
CE
1150
CE
Loading...
51
Hohokam Culture
absent
Confident
300
CE
1500
CE
Loading...
52
Armenian Kingdom
present
Confident
188
BCE
6
CE
Loading...
53
Saffarid Caliphate
present
Confident
861
CE
1003
CE
Loading...
54
British Empire I
present
Confident
1690
CE
1849
CE
Loading...
55
Late Greater Coclé
absent
Confident
1000
CE
1515
CE
Loading...
56
Later Qin Kingdom
absent
Confident
386
CE
417
CE
Loading...
57
Napoleonic France
present
Confident
1816
CE
1870
CE
Loading...
58
British Empire IIIIIIIIII
present
Confident
1850
CE
1968
CE
Loading...
59
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II
present
Confident
1776
CE
1917
CE
Loading...
60
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I
present
Confident
1614
CE
1775
CE
Loading...
61
Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty
present
Confident
919
CE
1125
CE
Loading...
62
French Kingdom - Early Bourbon
present
Confident
1589
CE
1660
CE
Loading...
63
Carolingian Empire I
present
Confident
752
CE
840
CE
Loading...
64
Shuar - Ecuadorian
absent
Confident
1831
CE
1931
CE
Loading...
65
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I
present
Confident
1260
CE
1348
CE
Loading...
66
Egypt - Dynasty 0
absent
Confident
3300
BCE
3100
BCE
Loading...
67
Egypt - Late Old Kingdom
absent
Confident
2350
BCE
2150
BCE
Loading...
68
Spanish Empire I
present
Confident
1516
CE
1715
CE
Loading...
69
Atlantic Complex
unknown
Suspected
2200
BCE
1000
BCE
Loading...
70
French Kingdom - Late Bourbon
present
Confident
1660
CE
1815
CE
Loading...
71
Proto-French Kingdom
present
Confident
987
CE
1150
CE
Loading...
72
French Kingdom - Late Capetian
present
Confident
1150
CE
1328
CE
Loading...
73
Early Merovingian
present
Confident
481
CE
543
CE
Loading...
74
Proto-Carolingian
present
Confident
687
CE
751
CE
Loading...
75
Middle Merovingian
present
Confident
543
CE
687
CE
Loading...
76
Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty
present
Confident
1637
CE
1805
CE
Loading...
77
Ottoman Empire III
present
Confident
1683
CE
1839
CE
Loading...
78
British Empire II
present
Confident
1850
CE
1968
CE
Loading...
79
Akan - Pre-Ashanti
absent
Confident
1501
CE
1701
CE
Loading...
80
Classical Crete
present
Confident
500
BCE
323
BCE
Loading...
81
The Emirate of Crete
present
Confident
824
CE
961
CE
Loading...
82
Final Postpalatial Crete
unknown
Suspected
1200
BCE
1000
BCE
Loading...
83
Hellenistic Crete
present
Confident
323
BCE
69
BCE
Loading...
84
Monopalatial Crete
present
Confident
1450
BCE
1300
BCE
Loading...
85
Neolithic Crete
absent
Confident
7000
BCE
3000
BCE
Loading...
86
New Palace Crete
present
Confident
1700
BCE
1450
BCE
Loading...
87
Postpalatial Crete
present
Confident
1300
BCE
1200
BCE
Loading...
88
Prepalatial Crete
absent
Confident
3000
BCE
1900
BCE
Loading...
89
Iban - Pre-Brooke
absent
Confident
1650
CE
1841
CE
Loading...
90
Mataram Sultanate
present
Confident
1568
CE
1755
CE
Loading...
91
Kingdom of Ayodhya
present
Confident
64
BCE
34
CE
Loading...
92
Deccan - Iron Age
unknown
Suspected
1200
BCE
300
BCE
Loading...
93
Deccan - Neolithic
unknown
Suspected
2700
BCE
1200
BCE
Loading...
94
Later Yan Kingdom
absent
Confident
385
CE
409
CE
Loading...
95
Malacca Sultanate
present
Confident
1270
CE
1415
CE
Loading...
96
Carolingian Empire II
present
Confident
840
CE
987
CE
Loading...
97
Hallstatt A-B1
unknown
Suspected
1000
BCE
900
BCE
Loading...
98
Early A'chik
absent
Confident
1775
CE
1867
CE
Loading...
99
Gahadavala Dynasty
present
Confident
1085
CE
1193
CE
Loading...
100
Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty
present
Confident
730
CE
1030
CE
Loading...
101
Kannauj - Varman Dynasty
present
Confident
650
CE
780
CE
Loading...
102
Vakataka Kingdom
present
Confident
255
CE
550
CE
Loading...
103
Abbasid Caliphate II
present
Confident
1191
CE
1258
CE
Loading...
104
Kassite Babylonia
present
Confident
1595
BCE
1150
BCE
Loading...
105
Bazi Dynasty
present
Confident
1005
BCE
986
BCE
Loading...
106
Dynasty of E
present
Confident
979
BCE
732
BCE
Loading...
107
Early Dynastic
absent
Confident
2900
BCE
2500
BCE
Loading...
108
Second Dynasty of Isin
present
Confident
1153
BCE
1027
BCE
Loading...
109
Neo-Assyrian Empire
absent
Confident
911
BCE
612
BCE
Loading...
110
Uruk
absent
Confident
4000
BCE
2900
BCE
Loading...
111
Buyid Confederation
present
Confident
932
CE
1062
CE
Loading...
112
Elam - Crisis Period
unknown
Suspected
1100
BCE
900
BCE
Loading...
113
Ilkhanate
present
Confident
1256
CE
1339
CE
Loading...
114
French Kingdom - Early Valois
present
Confident
1328
CE
1450
CE
Loading...
115
Old Palace Crete
present
Confident
1900
BCE
1700
BCE
Loading...
116
Hawaii II
absent
Confident
1200
CE
1580
CE
Loading...
117
Kediri Kingdom
present
Confident
1049
CE
1222
CE
Loading...
118
Yehuda
present
Confident
141
BCE
63
BCE
Loading...
119
Delhi Sultanate
present
Confident
1206
CE
1526
CE
Loading...
120
Late A'chik
present
Confident
1867
CE
1956
CE
Loading...
121
Kadamba Empire
present
Confident
345
CE
550
CE
Loading...
122
Kampili Kingdom
present
Confident
1280
CE
1327
CE
Loading...
123
Magadha
present
Confident
450
CE
605
CE
Loading...
124
Mughal Empire
present
Confident
1526
CE
1858
CE
Loading...
125
Vijayanagara Empire
present
Confident
1336
CE
1646
CE
Loading...
126
Neo-Babylonian Empire
present
Confident
626
BCE
539
BCE
Loading...
127
Ak Koyunlu
present
Confident
1339
CE
1501
CE
Loading...
128
Elymais II
present
Confident
25
CE
215
CE
Loading...
129
Elam - Kidinuid Period
absent
Confident
1500
BCE
1400
BCE
Loading...
130
Elam - Shutrukid Period
present
Confident
1199
BCE
1100
BCE
Loading...
131
Elam I
present
Confident
900
BCE
744
BCE
Loading...
132
Elam II
present
Confident
743
BCE
647
BCE
Loading...
133
Elam III
present
Confident
612
BCE
539
BCE
Loading...
134
Sasanid Empire I
unknown
Suspected
205
CE
487
CE
Loading...
135
Sasanid Empire II
present
Confident
488
CE
642
CE
Loading...
136
Seleucids
present
Confident
312
BCE
63
BCE
Loading...
137
Seljuk Sultanate
present
Confident
1037
CE
1157
CE
Loading...
138
Elam - Shimashki Period
present
Confident
2028
BCE
1940
BCE
Loading...
139
Elam - Late Sukkalmah
present
Confident
1700
BCE
1500
BCE
Loading...
140
Latium - Iron Age
absent
Inferred
1000
BCE
580
BCE
Loading...
141
Ostrogothic Kingdom
present
Confident
489
CE
554
CE
Loading...
142
Rome - Republic of St Peter II
present
Confident
904
CE
1198
CE
Loading...
143
Maravi Empire
absent
Confident
1622
CE
1870
CE
Loading...
144
Hallstatt B2-3
unknown
Suspected
900
BCE
700
BCE
Loading...
145
Hallstatt C
unknown
Suspected
700
BCE
600
BCE
Loading...
146
Papal States - High Medieval Period
present
Confident
1198
CE
1309
CE
Loading...
147
Papal States - Early Modern Period I
present
Confident
1527
CE
1648
CE
Loading...
148
Maukhari Dynasty
present
Confident
550
CE
605
CE
Loading...
149
Papal States - Early Modern Period II
present
Confident
1648
CE
1809
CE
Loading...
150
Papal States - Renaissance Period
present
Confident
1378
CE
1527
CE
Loading...
151
Exarchate of Ravenna
present
Confident
568
CE
751
CE
Loading...
152
Early Roman Republic
present
Confident
509
BCE
264
BCE
Loading...
153
Late Roman Republic
present
Confident
133
BCE
31
BCE
Loading...
154
Middle Roman Republic
present
Confident
264
BCE
133
BCE
Loading...
155
Roman Empire - Principate
present
Confident
31
BCE
284
CE
Loading...
156
Roman Kingdom
present
Confident
716
BCE
509
BCE
Loading...
157
Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity
present
Confident
395
CE
476
CE
Loading...
158
Republic of St Peter I
present
Confident
711
CE
904
CE
Loading...
159
Saadi Sultanate
present
Confident
1554
CE
1659
CE
Loading...
160
Eastern Turk Khaganate
unknown
Suspected
583
CE
630
CE
Loading...
161
Early Mongols
absent
Confident
1000
CE
1206
CE
Loading...
162
Late Mongols
present
Confident
1368
CE
1690
CE
Loading...
163
Parthian Empire I
present
Confident
247
BCE
40
CE
Loading...
164
Safavid Empire
present
Confident
1501
CE
1722
CE
Loading...
165
Icelandic Commonwealth
present
Confident
930
CE
1262
CE
Loading...
166
Japan - Incipient Jomon
absent
Confident
13600
BCE
9200
BCE
Loading...
167
Japan - Initial Jomon
absent
Confident
9200
BCE
5300
BCE
Loading...
168
Japan - Early Jomon
absent
Confident
5300
BCE
3500
BCE
Loading...
169
Japan - Final Jomon
absent
Confident
1200
BCE
300
BCE
Loading...
170
Nara Kingdom
present
Confident
710
CE
794
CE
Loading...
171
Kansai - Yayoi Period
absent
Confident
300
BCE
250
CE
Loading...
172
Funan I
present
Confident
225
CE
540
CE
Loading...
173
Funan II
present
Confident
540
CE
640
CE
Loading...
174
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty
present
Inferred
1493
CE
1591
CE
Loading...
175
Second Turk Khaganate
present
Confident
682
CE
744
CE
Loading...
176
Uigur Khaganate
present
Confident
745
CE
840
CE
Loading...
177
Xianbei Confederation
unknown
Suspected
100
CE
250
CE
Loading...
178
Inca Empire
absent
Confident
1375
CE
1532
CE
Loading...
179
Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period
absent
Confident
1300
BCE
500
BCE
Loading...
180
Sakha - Early
absent
Confident
1400
CE
1632
CE
Loading...
181
Fatimid Caliphate
present
Confident
909
CE
1171
CE
Loading...
182
Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age
absent
Confident
3000
BCE
2000
BCE
Loading...
183
Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic
absent
Inferred
5500
BCE
3000
BCE
Loading...
184
Hallstatt D
unknown
Suspected
600
BCE
475
BCE
Loading...
185
Hephthalites
present
Inferred
408
CE
561
CE
Loading...
186
Western Zhou
absent
Confident
1122
BCE
771
BCE
Loading...
187
Great Yuan
absent
Confident
1271
CE
1368
CE
Loading...
188
East Roman Empire
present
Confident
395
CE
631
CE
Loading...
189
Hatti - Old Kingdom
absent
Confident
1650
BCE
1500
BCE
Loading...
190
Lysimachus Kingdom
present
Confident
323
BCE
281
BCE
Loading...
191
Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
absent
Confident
7000
BCE
6600
BCE
Loading...
192
Konya Plain - Early Neolithic
absent
Confident
9600
BCE
7000
BCE
Loading...
193
Early Xiongnu
absent
Inferred
1400
BCE
300
BCE
Loading...
194
Zungharian Empire
present
Confident
1670
CE
1757
CE
Loading...
195
Monte Alban II
absent
Confident
100
BCE
200
CE
Loading...
196
Archaic Basin of Mexico
absent
Confident
6000
BCE
2001
BCE
Loading...
197
Aztec Empire
absent
Confident
1427
CE
1526
CE
Loading...
198
Epiclassic Basin of Mexico
absent
Confident
650
CE
899
CE
Loading...
199
Late Formative Basin of Mexico
absent
Confident
400
BCE
101
BCE
Loading...
200
Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico
absent
Confident
100
BCE
99
CE
Loading...
201
Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico
absent
Confident
1200
CE
1426
CE
Loading...
202
Toltecs
absent
Confident
900
CE
1199
CE
Loading...
203
Cuzco - Early Intermediate I
absent
Confident
200
CE
499
CE
Loading...
204
Cuzco - Late Formative
absent
Confident
500
BCE
200
CE
Loading...
205
Orokaiva - Colonial
present
Confident
1884
CE
1942
CE
Loading...
206
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
absent
Confident
5500
BCE
4000
BCE
Loading...
207
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period
absent
Confident
3200
BCE
2500
BCE
Loading...
208
Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period
present
Confident
854
CE
1193
CE
Loading...
209
Sind - Samma Dynasty
present
Confident
1335
CE
1521
CE
Loading...
210
Umayyad Caliphate
present
Confident
661
CE
750
CE
Loading...
211
Sarazm
absent
Confident
3500
BCE
2000
BCE
Loading...
212
Byzantine Empire I
present
Confident
632
CE
866
CE
Loading...
213
Byzantine Empire III
present
Confident
1073
CE
1204
CE
Loading...
214
Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic
absent
Confident
6000
BCE
5500
BCE
Loading...
215
Hatti - New Kingdom
present
Confident
1400
BCE
1180
BCE
Loading...
216
Konya Plain - Late Neolithic
absent
Confident
6600
BCE
6000
BCE
Loading...
217
Ottoman Empire I
present
Confident
1402
CE
1517
CE
Loading...
218
Ottoman Empire II
present
Confident
1517
CE
1683
CE
Loading...
219
Median Persian Empire
uncoded
Undecided
715
BCE
550
BCE
Loading...
220
Middle Greater Coclé
absent
Confident
700
CE
1000
CE
Loading...
221
Monagrillo
absent
Confident
3000
BCE
1300
BCE
Loading...
222
Monte Alban V Early Postclassic
absent
Confident
900
CE
1099
CE
Loading...
223
Koktepe I
absent
Confident
1400
BCE
1000
BCE
Loading...
224
Roman Empire - Dominate
present
Confident
285
CE
394
CE
Loading...
225
Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling
absent
Confident
1055
CE
1199
CE
Loading...
226
Cahokia - Moorehead
absent
Confident
1200
CE
1275
CE
Loading...
227
Early Illinois Confederation
unknown
Suspected
1640
CE
1717
CE
Loading...
228
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
absent
Confident
1566
CE
1713
CE
Loading...
229
Cahokia - Early Woodland
absent
Confident
600
BCE
150
BCE
Loading...
230
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II
absent
Confident
900
CE
1049
CE
Loading...
231
Cahokia - Late Woodland II
absent
Confident
450
CE
600
CE
Loading...
232
Cahokia - Middle Woodland
absent
Confident
150
BCE
300
CE
Loading...
233
Cahokia - Late Woodland III
absent
Confident
600
CE
750
CE
Loading...
234
Cahokia - Late Woodland I
absent
Confident
300
CE
450
CE
Loading...
235
Cahokia - Sand Prairie
absent
Confident
1275
CE
1400
CE
Loading...
236
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I
absent
Confident
750
CE
900
CE
Loading...
237
Sogdiana - City-States Period
present
Confident
604
CE
711
CE
Loading...
238
Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty
present
Confident
1454
CE
1517
CE
Loading...
239
Samanid Empire
present
Confident
819
CE
999
CE
Loading...
240
Timurid Empire
present
Confident
1370
CE
1526
CE
Loading...
241
Durrani Empire
present
Confident
1747
CE
1826
CE
Loading...
242
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
present
Confident
256
BCE
125
BCE
Loading...
243
Kidarite Kingdom
present
Confident
388
CE
477
CE
Loading...
244
Erligang
unknown
Suspected
1650
BCE
1250
BCE
Loading...
245
Hmong - Early Chinese
absent
Inferred
1895
CE
1941
CE
Loading...
246
Hmong - Late Qing
absent
Confident
1701
CE
1895
CE
Loading...
247
Late Shang
absent
Confident
1250
BCE
1045
BCE
Loading...
248
Yangshao
absent
Confident
5000
BCE
3000
BCE
Loading...
249
Tairona
absent
Confident
1050
CE
1524
CE
Loading...
250
Rum Sultanate
present
Confident
1077
CE
1307
CE
Loading...
251
Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period
absent
Confident
1778
CE
1819
CE
Loading...
252
Oneota
absent
Confident
1400
CE
1650
CE
Loading...
253
Khanate of Bukhara
present
Confident
1599
CE
1747
CE
Loading...
254
Yemen - Era of Warlords
present
Confident
1038
CE
1174
CE
Loading...
255
Yemen Ziyad Dynasty
present
Confident
822
CE
1037
CE
Loading...
256
Egypt - Dynasty I
absent
Confident
3100
BCE
2900
BCE
Loading...
257
Monte Alban V Late Postclassic
absent
Confident
1101
CE
1520
CE
Loading...
258
Northern Maravi Kingdom
absent
Confident
1500
CE
1621
CE
Loading...
259
Egypt - Dynasty II
absent
Confident
2900
BCE
2687
BCE
Loading...
260
Egypt - Middle Kingdom
absent
Confident
2016
BCE
1700
BCE
Loading...
261
Naqada I
absent
Inferred
3800
BCE
3550
BCE
Loading...
262
Naqada II
absent
Inferred
3550
BCE
3300
BCE
Loading...
263
Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period
absent
Confident
1293
BCE
1070
BCE
Loading...
264
Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period
absent
Confident
1550
BCE
1293
BCE
Loading...
265
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom
absent
Confident
2650
BCE
2350
BCE
Loading...
266
Egypt - Period of the Regions
absent
Confident
2150
BCE
2016
BCE
Loading...
267
Egypt - Saite Period
absent
Confident
664
BCE
525
BCE
Loading...
268
Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period
absent
Confident
1720
BCE
1567
BCE
Loading...
269
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period
absent
Confident
1069
BCE
747
BCE
Loading...
270
Numidia
uncoded
Undecided
220
BCE
46
BCE
Loading...
271
Ottoman Empire Late Period
present
Confident
1873
CE
1920
CE
Loading...
272
Paramara Dynasty
present
Confident
974
CE
1235
CE
Loading...
273
Pre-Maravi
absent
Confident
1151
CE
1399
CE
Loading...
274
Sharqi
present
Confident
1394
CE
1479
CE
Loading...
275
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic
absent
Confident
4000
BCE
3200
BCE
Loading...
276
Chuuk - Late Truk
present
Confident
1886
CE
1948
CE
Loading...
277
La Tene A-B1
absent
Inferred
475
BCE
325
BCE
Loading...
278
La Tene B2-C1
present
Inferred
325
BCE
175
BCE
Loading...
279
La Tene C2-D
present
Inferred
175
BCE
27
BCE
Loading...
280
Ashanti Empire
present
Confident
1701
CE
1895
CE
Loading...
281
Archaic Crete
present
Confident
710
BCE
500
BCE
Loading...
282
Sape
absent
Inferred
1400
CE
1550
CE
Loading...
283
Songhai Empire
present
Inferred
1376
CE
1493
CE
Loading...
284
Southern Qi State
absent
Confident
479
CE
502
CE
Loading...
285
Geometric Crete
present
Confident
1000
BCE
710
BCE
Loading...
286
Hawaii I
absent
Confident
1000
CE
1200
CE
Loading...
287
Hawaii III
absent
Confident
1580
CE
1778
CE
Loading...
288
Kalingga Kingdom
present
Confident
500
CE
732
CE
Loading...
289
Majapahit Kingdom
present
Confident
1292
CE
1518
CE
Loading...
290
Medang Kingdom
present
Confident
732
CE
1019
CE
Loading...
291
Early Monte Alban I
absent
Confident
500
BCE
300
BCE
Loading...
292
Yisrael
present
Confident
1030
BCE
722
BCE
Loading...
293
Magadha - Maurya Empire
present
Confident
324
BCE
187
BCE
Loading...
294
Tahert
present
Confident
761
CE
909
CE
Loading...
295
Tuyuhun
uncoded
Undecided
300
CE
663
CE
Loading...
296
Yadava Dynasty
present
Confident
1190
CE
1318
CE
Loading...
297
Kushan Empire
present
Confident
35
CE
319
CE
Loading...
298
Tocharians
present
Confident
129
BCE
29
CE
Loading...
299
Magadha - Sunga Empire
present
Confident
187
BCE
65
BCE
Loading...
300
Abbasid Caliphate I
present
Confident
750
CE
946
CE
Loading...
301
Isin-Larsa
present
Confident
2004
BCE
1763
BCE
Loading...
302
Ubaid
absent
Confident
5500
BCE
4201
BCE
Loading...
303
Achaemenid Empire
present
Confident
550
BCE
331
BCE
Loading...
304
Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar
absent
Confident
7000
BCE
6000
BCE
Loading...
305
Formative Period
absent
Confident
7200
BCE
7000
BCE
Loading...
306
Susiana A
absent
Confident
6000
BCE
5700
BCE
Loading...
307 *
Norman England
present
Confident
1066
CE
1153
CE
Loading...
308
Susiana B
absent
Confident
5700
BCE
5100
BCE
Loading...
309
Susiana - Late Ubaid
absent
Confident
4700
BCE
4300
BCE
Loading...
310
Susiana - Early Ubaid
absent
Confident
5100
BCE
4700
BCE
Loading...
311
Parthian Empire II
present
Confident
41
CE
226
CE
Loading...
312
Pre-Ceramic Period
absent
Confident
7800
BCE
7200
BCE
Loading...
313
Susa I
absent
Confident
4300
BCE
3800
BCE
Loading...
314
Eastern Han Empire
absent
Confident
25
CE
220
CE
Loading...
315
Western Jin
absent
Confident
265
CE
317
CE
Loading...
316 *
East Francia
present
Confident
842
CE
919
CE
Loading...
317
Latium - Bronze Age
absent
Inferred
1800
BCE
900
BCE
Loading...
318
Latium - Copper Age
absent
Inferred
3600
BCE
1800
BCE
Loading...
319
Ashikaga Shogunate
present
Confident
1336
CE
1467
CE
Loading...
320
Asuka
absent
Inferred
538
CE
710
CE
Loading...
321
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama
present
Confident
1568
CE
1603
CE
Loading...
322
Heian
present
Confident
794
CE
1185
CE
Loading...
323
Japan - Middle Jomon
absent
Confident
3500
BCE
2500
BCE
Loading...
324
Japan - Late Jomon
absent
Inferred
2500
BCE
1200
BCE
Loading...
325
Kamakura Shogunate
present
Confident
1185
CE
1333
CE
Loading...
326
Kansai - Kofun Period
absent
Inferred
250
CE
537
CE
Loading...
327
Warring States Japan
present
Confident
1467
CE
1568
CE
Loading...
328
Tokugawa Shogunate
present
Confident
1603
CE
1868
CE
Loading...
329 *
Ottoman Empire IV
present
Confident
1839
CE
1922
CE
Loading...
330
Western Turk Khaganate
present
Confident
582
CE
630
CE
Loading...
331
Classical Angkor
present
Confident
1100
CE
1220
CE
Loading...
332
Early Angkor
present
Confident
802
CE
1100
CE
Loading...
333
Late Angkor
present
Confident
1220
CE
1432
CE
Loading...
334
Khmer Kingdom
present
Confident
1432
CE
1594
CE
Loading...
335
Indo-Greek Kingdom
present
Confident
180
BCE
10
BCE
Loading...
336
Chenla
present
Confident
550
CE
825
CE
Loading...
337
Andronovo
absent
Confident
1800
BCE
1200
BCE
Loading...
338
Phoenician Empire
present
Confident
1200
BCE
332
BCE
Loading...
339
Jenne-jeno I
absent
Confident
250
BCE
49
CE
Loading...
340
Oaxaca - San Jose
absent
Confident
1150
BCE
700
BCE
Loading...
341
Jenne-jeno II
absent
Confident
50
CE
399
CE
Loading...
342
Jenne-jeno III
absent
Confident
400
CE
899
CE
Loading...
343
Jenne-jeno IV
absent
Confident
900
CE
1300
CE
Loading...
344
Mali Empire
present
Inferred
1230
CE
1410
CE
Loading...
345
Jin
absent
Confident
780
BCE
404
BCE
Loading...
346
Great Ming
absent
Confident
1368
CE
1644
CE
Loading...
347
Northern Song
absent
Confident
960
CE
1127
CE
Loading...
348
Monte Alban Late I
absent
Confident
300
BCE
100
BCE
Loading...
349
Khitan I
present
Confident
907
CE
1125
CE
Loading...
350
Rouran Khaganate
absent
Inferred
300
CE
555
CE
Loading...
351
Late Xiongnu
absent
Inferred
60
BCE
100
CE
Loading...
352
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas
absent
Confident
1400
BCE
1150
BCE
Loading...
353
Ayutthaya
present
Confident
1593
CE
1767
CE
Loading...
354
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation
absent
Inferred
209
BCE
60
BCE
Loading...
355
Later Wagadu Empire
present
Inferred
1078
CE
1203
CE
Loading...
356
Northern Wei
present
Confident
386
CE
534
CE
Loading...
357
Middle Wagadu Empire
absent
Confident
700
CE
1077
CE
Loading...
358
Monte Alban III
absent
Confident
200
CE
500
CE
Loading...
359
Monte Alban IIIB and IV
absent
Confident
500
CE
900
CE
Loading...
360
Monte Alban V
absent
Confident
900
CE
1520
CE
Loading...
361
Early Formative Basin of Mexico
absent
Confident
1200
BCE
801
BCE
Loading...
362
Middle Formative Basin of Mexico
absent
Confident
800
BCE
401
BCE
Loading...
363
Initial Formative Basin of Mexico
absent
Confident
2000
BCE
1201
BCE
Loading...
364
Oaxaca - Rosario
absent
Confident
700
BCE
500
BCE
Loading...
365
Kingdom of Norway II
present
Confident
1262
CE
1396
CE
Loading...
366
Cuzco - Early Intermediate II
absent
Confident
500
CE
649
CE
Loading...
367
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I
absent
Confident
1000
CE
1250
CE
Loading...
368
Cuzco - Late Intermediate II
absent
Confident
1250
CE
1400
CE
Loading...
369
Wari Empire
absent
Confident
650
CE
999
CE
Loading...
370
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial
absent
Confident
1734
CE
1883
CE
Loading...
371
Early Qing
absent
Confident
1644
CE
1796
CE
Loading...
372
Sui Dynasty
absent
Confident
581
CE
618
CE
Loading...
373
Tang Dynasty I
absent
Confident
617
CE
763
CE
Loading...
374
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic
absent
Confident
7500
BCE
5500
BCE
Loading...
375
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period
absent
Confident
1800
BCE
1300
BCE
Loading...
376
Kachi Plain - Urban Period I
absent
Inferred
2500
BCE
2100
BCE
Loading...
377
Kachi Plain - Urban Period II
absent
Inferred
2100
BCE
1800
BCE
Loading...
378
Egypt - Kushite Period
absent
Confident
747
BCE
656
BCE
Loading...
379
Rattanakosin
present
Confident
1782
CE
1873
CE
Loading...
380
Byzantine Empire II
present
Confident
867
CE
1072
CE
Loading...
381
Kingdom of Lydia
present
Confident
670
BCE
546
BCE
Loading...
382
Phrygian Kingdom
present
Confident
900
BCE
695
BCE
Loading...
383
Chagatai Khanate
present
Inferred
1263
CE
1402
CE
Loading...
384
Ancient Khwarazm
absent
Confident
1000
BCE
521
BCE
Loading...
385
Qatabanian Commonwealth
present
Confident
450
BCE
111
BCE
Loading...
386
Sabaean Commonwealth
present
Confident
800
BCE
451
BCE
Loading...
387
Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan
present
Confident
110
BCE
149
CE
Loading...
388
Futa Jallon
present
Confident
1725
CE
1896
CE
Loading...
389
Pandya Empire
present
Confident
1216
CE
1323
CE
Loading...
390
Dambadaneiya
present
Confident
1232
CE
1293
CE
Loading...
391
Tunni Sultanate
present
Confident
800
CE
1200
CE
Loading...
392
Anurādhapura IV
present
Confident
614
CE
1017
CE
Loading...
393
Polonnaruwa
present
Confident
1070
CE
1255
CE
Loading...
394
Tang Dynasty II
absent
Confident
763
CE
907
CE
Loading...
395
Anurādhapura III
present
Confident
428
CE
614
CE
Loading...
396
Dutch Empire
present
Confident
1648
CE
1795
CE
Loading...
397
Anurādhapura I
present
Confident
300
BCE
70
CE
Loading...
398
Anurādhapura II
present
Confident
70
CE
428
CE
Loading...
399
Adal Sultanate
present
Confident
1375
CE
1543
CE
Loading...
400
Ajuran Sultanate
present
Confident
1250
CE
1700
CE
Loading...
401
Habr Yunis
present
Confident
1300
CE
1886
CE
Loading...
402
Sultanate of Geledi
present
Confident
1750
CE
1911
CE
Loading...
403
Shoa Sultanate
present
Confident
1108
CE
1285
CE
Loading...
404
Harla Kingdom
present
Confident
10000
BCE
2000
CE
Loading...
405
Ifat Sultanate
present
Confident
1280
CE
1375
CE
Loading...
406
Majeerteen Sultanate
present
Confident
1750
CE
1926
CE
Loading...
407
Funj Sultanate
present
Confident
1504
CE
1820
CE
Loading...
408
Early Pandyas
present
Confident
300
BCE
300
CE
Loading...
409
Isaaq Sultanate
present
Confident
1300
CE
1886
CE
Loading...
410
Proto-Yoruba
absent
Confident
301
CE
649
CE
Loading...
411
Classical Ife
absent
Confident
1000
CE
1400
CE
Loading...
412
Late Formative Yoruba
absent
Confident
650
CE
1049
CE
Loading...
413
Allada
absent
Confident
1100
CE
1724
CE
Loading...
414
Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́
present
Confident
1601
CE
1835
CE
Loading...
415
Early Wei Dynasty
absent
Confident
445
BCE
225
BCE
Loading...
416
Oyo
absent
Confident
1300
CE
1535
CE
Loading...
417
Proto-Yoruboid
absent
Confident
300
BCE
300
CE
Loading...
418
Sokoto Caliphate
present
Confident
1804
CE
1904
CE
Loading...
419
Italian Kingdom Late Antiquity
present
Confident
476
CE
489
CE
Loading...
420
Burundi
absent
Confident
1680
CE
1903
CE
Loading...
421
Kanem-Borno
present
Confident
1380
CE
1893
CE
Loading...
422
Foys
absent
Confident
1600
CE
1892
CE
Loading...
423
Imamate of Futa Toro
present
Confident
1776
CE
1860
CE
Loading...
424
Kingdom of Jolof
present
Confident
1549
CE
1865
CE
Loading...
425
Toro
absent
Confident
1830
CE
1896
CE
Loading...
426
Buganda
absent
Confident
1450
CE
1699
CE
Loading...
427
Karagwe
absent
Confident
1500
CE
1916
CE
Loading...
428
Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom
present
Confident
1675
CE
1799
CE
Loading...
429
Kingdom of Nyinginya
absent
Confident
1650
CE
1897
CE
Loading...
430
Nkore
absent
Confident
1450
CE
1749
CE
Loading...
431
Ndorwa
absent
Confident
1700
CE
1800
CE
Loading...
432
Mubari
absent
Confident
10000
BCE
2000
CE
Loading...
433
Koktepe II
absent
Confident
750
BCE
550
BCE
Loading...
434
Ghur Principality
present
Confident
1025
CE
1215
CE
Loading...
435
Jin Dynasty
absent
Confident
1115
CE
1234
CE
Loading...
436
Late Qing
absent
Confident
1796
CE
1912
CE
Loading...
437
Western Han Empire
absent
Confident
202
BCE
9
CE
Loading...
438
Shuar - Colonial
absent
Confident
1534
CE
1830
CE
Loading...
439
Ayyubid Sultanate
present
Confident
1171
CE
1250
CE
Loading...
440
Badarian
absent
Inferred
4400
BCE
3800
BCE
Loading...
441
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III
present
Confident
1412
CE
1517
CE
Loading...
442
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II
present
Confident
1348
CE
1412
CE
Loading...
443
Ptolemaic Kingdom I
present
Confident
305
BCE
217
BCE
Loading...
444
Ptolemaic Kingdom II
present
Confident
217
BCE
30
BCE
Loading...
445
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period
present
Confident
868
CE
969
CE
Loading...
446
Beaker Culture
unknown
Suspected
3200
BCE
2000
BCE
Loading...
447
Gisaka
absent
Confident
1700
CE
1867
CE
Loading...
448
Fipa
absent
Confident
1600
CE
1890
CE
Loading...
449
Bugesera
absent
Confident
1700
CE
1799
CE
Loading...
450
Buhaya
absent
Confident
1700
CE
1890
CE
Loading...
451
Pandya Dynasty
present
Confident
590
CE
915
CE
Loading...
452
Early Cholas
present
Confident
300
BCE
300
CE
Loading...
453
Carnatic Sultanate
present
Confident
1710
CE
1801
CE
Loading...
454
Late Pallava Empire
present
Confident
300
CE
890
CE
Loading...
455
Kalabhra Dynasty
present
Confident
200
CE
600
CE
Loading...
456
Nayaks of Thanjavur
present
Confident
1532
CE
1676
CE
Loading...
457
Nayaks of Madurai
present
Confident
1529
CE
1736
CE
Loading...
458
Mane
absent
Inferred
1550
CE
1650
CE
Loading...
459
Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period
present
Confident
404
BCE
342
BCE
Loading...
460
Gupta Empire
present
Confident
320
CE
550
CE
Loading...
461
Kara-Khanids
present
Confident
950
CE
1212
CE
Loading...
462
Neguanje
absent
Confident
250
CE
1050
CE
Loading...
463
Chuuk - Early Truk
absent
Confident
1775
CE
1886
CE
Loading...
464
French Kingdom - Late Valois
present
Confident
1450
CE
1589
CE
Loading...
465
Mahajanapada era
absent
Inferred
600
BCE
324
BCE
Loading...
466
Late Cappadocia
present
Confident
330
BCE
16
CE
Loading...
467
Jaffna
present
Confident
1310
CE
1591
CE
Loading...
468
Pre-Sape Sierra Leone
absent
Inferred
600
CE
1400
CE
Loading...
469
Whydah
absent
Inferred
1671
CE
1727
CE
Loading...
470
Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì
absent
Inferred
1043
CE
1911
CE
Loading...
471
Benin Empire
absent
Inferred
1140
CE
1897
CE
Loading...
472
Hausa bakwai
present
Confident
900
CE
1808
CE
Loading...
473
Bengal Sultanate
present
Confident
1338
CE
1538
CE
Loading...
474
Chandra Dynasty
present
Confident
900
CE
1050
CE
Loading...
475
British East India Company
present
Confident
1757
CE
1858
CE
Loading...
476
Qin Empire
absent
Confident
338
BCE
207
BCE
Loading...
477
Southern Song
absent
Confident
1127
CE
1279
CE
Loading...
478
Eastern Zhou
absent
Confident
475
BCE
256
BCE
Loading...
479
Macedonian Empire
present
Confident
330
BCE
312
BCE
Loading...
480
Imamate of Oman and Muscat
present
Confident
1749
CE
1895
CE
Loading...
481
Portuguese Empire - Renaissance Period
present
Confident
1495
CE
1579
CE
Loading...
482
Portuguese Empire - Early Modern
present
Confident
1640
CE
1806
CE
Loading...
483
Classic Tana
present
Confident
1100
CE
1498
CE
Loading...
484
Cwezi Dynasty
absent
Confident
1450
CE
1699
CE
Loading...
485
Pre-Maravi
absent
Confident
1151
CE
1399
CE
Loading...
486
Early Maravi
absent
Confident
1400
CE
1499
CE
Loading...
487
Northern Maravi Kingdom
absent
Confident
1500
CE
1621
CE
Loading...
488
Maravi Empire
absent
Confident
1622
CE
1870
CE
Loading...
489
Late East Africa Iron Age
absent
Confident
800
CE
1150
CE
Loading...
490
Early Tana 1
unknown
Suspected
500
CE
749
CE
Loading...
491
Sena Dynasty
present
Confident
1095
CE
1245
CE
Loading...
492
Almoravids
present
Confident
1035
CE
1150
CE
Loading...
493
Plantagenet England
present
Confident
1154
CE
1485
CE
Loading...
494
Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty
present
Confident
1310
CE
1526
CE
Loading...