Section: Political and Cultural Relations
Variable: Polity Succeeding Entity (All coded records)
This code is based on the core region of the current polity (not the NGA region). E.g. Achaemenid Empire's core region was Persia, where they were preceded by the Median Empire.  
Polity Succeeding Entity
#  Polity  Coded Value Tags Year(s) Edit Desc
1 Freetown British Empire Confident 1787 CE 1808 CE
"Britain established formal colonial control of Freetown in 1808, a year following the enactment of the Abolition Act (1807) proscribing the Atlantic slave trade for British citizens." [1]

[1]: (Cole 2021) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/WBFJ8QU5/collection.


2 Funj Sultanate Khedivate of Egypt Confident 1504 CE 1820 CE
“The Funj kingdom was finally brought to an end by the Egypitian conquest of 1820-21.” .” [1]

[1]: (Lapidus 2002, 432) Lapidus, Ira M. 2002. A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/QW9XHCIW/collection


3 Kingdom of Kaffa Ethiopian Empire Confident 1390 CE 1897 CE
“Until 1897 the Kafa had their own kingdom with a monarch and councilors of state. During the expansion period of Emperor Menelik II (1889-1913) Kafa lost its sovereignty.” [1]

[1]: (Orent 1970, 263) Orent, Amnon. 1970. ‘Refocusing on the History of Kafa Prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes’. African Historical Studies. Vol. 3:2. Pp 263-293. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/2A389XGK/collection


4 Mane Sape-Mane Confident 1550 CE 1650 CE
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5 Kingdom of Gumma Ethiopian Empire Confident 1800 CE 1897 CE
“Shortly before the conquest of Menelik these states headed by Guma began to raid the pagan states of Leqa Horda, Leqa Billo, Nole Kabba, and Hanna Gafare, who leagued together as ‘the Four Pagans’ (arfa Oromata) which caused the other coalition to distinguish itself by the title of ‘the Four Muslims’ (arfa naggadota). All these small Muslim and pagan kingdoms were conquered by Menelik between 1882 and 1897 […]” [1]

[1]: (Trimingham 2013, 200) Trimingham, Spencer. 2013. Islam in Ethiopia. London: Routledge. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/search/Trimingham/titleCreatorYear/items/RB7C87QZ/item-list


6 West Burkina Faso Yellow I West Burkina Faso Yello II Confident 100 CE 500 CE
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7 Kanem Bornu Empire Confident 800 CE 1379 CE
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8 Pre-Sape Sierra Leone Sape Confederacy Confident 600 CE 1400 CE
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9 West Burkina Faso Red II and III West Burkina Faso Red IV Confident 1100 CE 1400 CE
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10 Early Modern Sierra Leone British Empire Confident 1650 CE 1896 CE
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11 Kaabu Imamate of Futa Jallon Confident 1500 CE 1867 CE
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12 West Burkina Faso Red I West Burkina Faso Red II Confident 701 CE 1100 CE
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13 Mossi French Empire Confident 1100 CE 1897 CE
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14 Sape Mane Confident 1400 CE 1550 CE
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15 Emirate of Harar Khedivate of Egypt Confident 1650 CE 1875 CE
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16 Early Sultanate of Aussa Italian East Africa Confident 1734 CE 1895 CE
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17 Durrani Empire Barkzai Dynasty Confident 1747 CE 1826 CE
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18 Hephthalites First Turk Khaganate Confident 408 CE 561 CE
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19 Kidarite Kingdom Hephthalite Empire Confident 388 CE 477 CE
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20 Toutswe Mapungubwe Confident 700 CE 1250 CE
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21 Western Turk Khaganate Sogdiana - City-States Period Confident 582 CE 630 CE
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22 Great Zimbabwe Torwa-Rozvi Confident 1270 CE 1550 CE
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23 Pandya Empire InDehl* Confident 1216 CE 1323 CE
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24 Anurādhapura IV Polonnaruva Confident 614 CE 1017 CE
“Thus the adoption of Polonnaruva as the capital of the Sinhalese kingdom by four kings of the period between the seventh and tenth centuries, and the final abandonment of Anurādhapura in its favour, were determined as much by considerations of economic advantage as by strategic and military factors.” [1]

[1]: (De Silva 1981, 31) De Silva, K.M. 1981. A History of Sri Lanka. London: C. Hurst & Company, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/7F5SEVNA/items/4R6DQVHZ/collection


25 Polonnaruwa Dambadeniya Confident 1070 CE 1255 CE
“Polonnaruva was abandoned after Māgha’s rule, and the next three kings ruled from Dambadeṇiya. One ruler made Yāpahuva his royal residence. There were both rock fortresses; so was Kuruṇägala, another site of royal power in this quest for safety against invasion from South India and the threat from the north. The last occasion when Polonnaruva served as the capital city was in the reign of Parākramabāhu III (1287–93), but this only illustrated the perilous position to which Sinhalese power was reduced: he ruled at Polonnaruva because of his subservience to the Pāṇḍayas.” [1]

[1]: (De Silva 1981, 82) De Silva, K.M. 1981. A History of Sri Lanka. London: C. Hurst & Company, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/7F5SEVNA/items/4R6DQVHZ/collection


26 La Tene B2-C1 La Tene C2-D Confident 325 BCE 175 BCE
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27 La Tene C2-D Late Roman Republic Confident 175 BCE 27 BCE
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28 French Kingdom - Early Valois French Kingdom - Late Valois Confident 1328 CE 1450 CE
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29 Anurādhapura III Anurādhapura IV Confident 428 CE 614 CE
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30 Dutch Empire Napoleonic France Confident 1648 CE 1795 CE
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31 Anurādhapura I Anurādhapura II Confident 300 BCE 70 CE
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32 Jaffna es_habsburg_emp Confident 1310 CE 1591 CE
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33 Anurādhapura II Anurādhapura III Confident 70 CE 428 CE
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34 Classical Angkor Late Angkor Confident 1100 CE 1220 CE
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35 Early Angkor Classical Angkor Confident 802 CE 1100 CE
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36 Kingdom of Jimma Ethiopian Empire Confident 1790 CE 1932 CE
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37 Adal Sultanate Ajuran Sultanate Confident 1375 CE 1543 CE
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38 Ajuran Sultanate Gobroon Dynasty (Sultanate of Geledi) Confident 1250 CE 1700 CE
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39 Habr Yunis British Somaliland Confident 1300 CE 1886 CE
“This statement demonstrated [that the United Kingdom] did not regard the tribes of Somaliland, with which it had concluded the Agreements in 1886, as sovereign, or even as part-sovereign, entities which could be recognised as persons in international law but that it considered them as no more than subjects of the British Crown.” [1]

[1]: (Albaharna et. al. 1986, 88) Albaharna, Husain M. 1986. The Legal Status of the Arabian Gulf States: A Study of Their Treaty Relations and Their International Problems. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/G6NP7HE4/collection


40 Kingdom of Gomma Ethiopian Empire Confident 1780 CE 1886 CE
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41 Sultanate of Geledi Italian Somaliland Confident 1750 CE 1911 CE
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42 Elam II Neo-Assyrian Empire Confident 743 BCE 647 BCE
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43 Elam III Achaemenid Empire Confident 612 BCE 539 BCE
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44 Parthian Empire I Parthian Empire II Confident 247 BCE 40 CE
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45 Shoa Sultanate Ifat Sulanate Confident 1108 CE 1285 CE
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46 Ifat Sultanate Adal Sultanate Confident 1280 CE 1375 CE
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47 Medri Bahri Italian Empire Confident 1310 CE 1889 CE
“In 1885, Italy took possession of the Eritrean coast with the encouragement of Great Britain, which was interested in Italian collaboration in its fight against the Mahdi of the Sudan. The Eritrean resistance collapsed only after a Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation had been concluded in 1889 between the King of Italy and Emperor Menelik of Showa, the predecessor of Emperor Halie Selassie.” [1]

[1]: (Cervenka 1977, 38) Cervenka, Zdenek. 1977. ‘Eritrea: Struggle for Self-Determination or Succession?’. Africa Spectrum. Vol 12:1. Pp 37-48. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/A5UBT4ZQ/collection


48 Majeerteen Sultanate Italian Somaliland Confident 1750 CE 1926 CE
“Ultimately, it was the Italians who outmanoeuvred their competitors and systematically wrapped up the entire Majerteen territories into what became the Italian Somaliland.” [1]

[1]: (Njoku 2013, 42) Njoku, Raphael C. 2013. The History of Somalia. Santa Barbara: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/U9FHBPZF/library


49 Isaaq Sultanate British Somaliland Confident 1300 CE 1886 CE
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50 Proto-Yoruba Late Formative Yoruba Confident 301 CE 649 CE
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51 Classical Ife Postclassic Ife Confident 1000 CE 1400 CE
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52 Late Formative Yoruba Classical Ife Confident 650 CE 1049 CE
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53 Kwararafa Wukari Federation Confident 596 CE 1820 CE
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54 Allada Dahomey Confident 1100 CE 1724 CE
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55 Uigur Khaganate Khitan Empire Confident 745 CE 840 CE
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56 Xianbei Confederation Rouran Khaganate Confident 100 CE 250 CE
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57 Early Xiongnu Xiongnu Imperial Confederation Confident 1400 BCE 300 BCE
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58 Igodomingodo Benin Empire Confident 900 CE 1450 CE
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59 Buganda British Empire Confident 1700 CE 1894 CE
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60 Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́ Ibadan Confident 1601 CE 1835 CE
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61 Oyo Nupe Kingdom Confident 1300 CE 1535 CE
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62 Sokoto Caliphate British Empire Confident 1804 CE 1904 CE
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63 Late Angkor Khmer Kingdom Confident 1220 CE 1432 CE
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64 Andronovo Yaz I Confident 1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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65 Jenne-jeno I Jenne-jeno II Confident 250 BCE 49 CE
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66 Jenne-jeno II Jenne-jeno III Confident 50 CE 399 CE
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67 Igala British Empire Confident 1600 CE 1900 CE
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68 Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì British Empire Confident 1043 CE 1911 CE
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69 Hausa bakwai Sokoto Caliphate Confident 900 CE 1808 CE
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70 Kanem-Borno British Empire Confident 1380 CE 1893 CE
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71 Longshan Erlitou Confident 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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72 Foys French Dahomey Confident 1600 CE 1892 CE
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73 Toro British Empire Confident 1830 CE 1896 CE
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74 Benin Empire Niger Coast Protectorate Confident 1140 CE 1897 CE
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75 Wukari Federation British Empire Confident 1820 CE 1899 CE
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76 Kingdom of Cayor French Empire Confident 1549 CE 1864 CE
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77 Jenne-jeno III Jenne-Jeno IV Confident 400 CE 899 CE
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78 Jenne-jeno IV Sosso Kingdom Confident 900 CE 1300 CE
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79 Mali Empire Mande States Confident 1230 CE 1410 CE
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80 Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty Saadi Dynasty Confident 1493 CE 1591 CE
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81 Eastern Turk Khaganate Tang Dynasty Confident 583 CE 630 CE
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82 Khitan I Early Mongols Confident 907 CE 1125 CE
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83 Kingdom of Baol French Empire Confident 1550 CE 1890 CE
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84 Kingdom of Sine French Empire Confident 1350 CE 1887 CE
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85 Kingdom of Waalo French Empire Confident 1287 CE 1855 CE
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86 Jolof Empire Jolof Kingdom Confident 1360 CE 1549 CE
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87 Imamate of Futa Toro French Empire Confident 1776 CE 1860 CE
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88 Denyanke Kingdom Imamate of Futa Toro Confident 1490 CE 1776 CE
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89 Buganda Classical Buganda Confident 1450 CE 1699 CE
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90 Nkore Classical Nkore Confident 1450 CE 1749 CE
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91 Burundi German Empire Confident 1680 CE 1903 CE
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92 Gisaka Early Niynginya Confident 1700 CE 1867 CE
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93 Fipa German Empire Confident 1600 CE 1890 CE
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94 Bugesera Early Niynginya Confident 1700 CE 1799 CE
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95 Nkore British Empire Confident 1750 CE 1901 CE
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96 Buhaya German Empire Confident 1700 CE 1890 CE
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97 Pandya Dynasty Chola Empire Confident 590 CE 915 CE
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98 Late Mongols Zungharian Empire Confident 1368 CE 1690 CE
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99 Elam - Shimashki Period Elam - Early Sukkalmah Confident 2028 BCE 1940 BCE
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100 Susa I Susa II Confident 4300 BCE 3800 BCE
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101 Early Cholas Kalabhra Dynasty Confident 300 BCE 300 CE
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102 Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom Second British Empire Confident 1675 CE 1799 CE
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103 Early Pandyas Kalabhra Dynasty Confident 300 BCE 300 CE
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104 Carnatic Sultanate Second British Empire Confident 1710 CE 1801 CE
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105 Late Pallava Empire Chola Empire Confident 300 CE 890 CE
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106 Kalabhra Dynasty Pandyas Confident 200 CE 600 CE
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107 Western Jin Northern Wei Confident 265 CE 317 CE
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108 Erligang Late Shang Confident 1650 BCE 1250 BCE
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109 Hmong - Late Qing Hmong - Early Chinese Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
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110 Jin Dynasty Great Yuan Confident 1115 CE 1234 CE
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111 Northern Song Later Jin Confident 960 CE 1127 CE
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112 Northern Wei Western Wei Confident 386 CE 534 CE
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113 Early Qing Late Qing Confident 1644 CE 1796 CE
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114 Late Qing Republic of China Confident 1796 CE 1912 CE
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115 Sui Dynasty Early Tang Confident 581 CE 618 CE
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116 Early Wei Dynasty Imperial Qin Confident 445 BCE 225 BCE
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117 Western Han Empire Wang Mang interregnum Confident 202 BCE 9 CE
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118 Yangshao Longshan Confident 5000 BCE 3000 BCE
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119 Great Yuan China - Early Ming Confident 1271 CE 1368 CE
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120 Neguanje CoTairo Confident 250 CE 1050 CE
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121 Tairona Spanish Empire Confident 1050 CE 1524 CE
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122 Badarian Naqada I Confident 4400 BCE 3800 BCE
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123 Egypt - Dynasty I Egypt - Dynasty II Confident 3100 BCE 2900 BCE
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124 Egypt - Dynasty II Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom Confident 2900 BCE 2687 BCE
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125 Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period Achaemenid Empire Confident 404 BCE 342 BCE
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126 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II Confident 1260 CE 1348 CE
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127 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III Ottoman Empire II Confident 1412 CE 1517 CE
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128 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III Confident 1348 CE 1412 CE
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129 Naqada I Naqada II Confident 3800 BCE 3550 BCE
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130 Naqada II Egypt - Dynasty 0 Confident 3550 BCE 3300 BCE
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131 Egypt - Dynasty 0 Egypt - Dynasty I Confident 3300 BCE 3100 BCE
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132 Tang Dynasty I Later Tang Dynasty Confident Expert 617 CE 763 CE
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133 Ayyubid Sultanate Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I Confident Expert 1171 CE 1250 CE
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134 Egypt - Middle Kingdom Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period Confident Expert 2016 BCE 1700 BCE
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135 Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period Ramesside period Confident Expert 1550 BCE 1293 BCE
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136 Ptolemaic Kingdom I Ptolemaic Kingdom II Confident Expert 305 BCE 217 BCE
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137 Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom Egypt - Late Old Kingdom Confident Expert 2650 BCE 2350 BCE
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138 Egypt - Late Old Kingdom Egypt - Period of the Regions Confident Expert 2350 BCE 2150 BCE
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139 Ptolemaic Kingdom II Roman Empire - Principate Confident Expert 217 BCE 30 BCE
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140 Egypt - Saite Period Achaemenid Empire Confident 664 BCE 525 BCE
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141 Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period Fatimid Caliphate Confident 868 CE 969 CE
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142 Spanish Empire I House of Bourbon-Spain Confident 1516 CE 1715 CE
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143 Axum I EtAksm2 Confident 149 BCE 349 CE
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144 Atlantic Complex Hallstatt A-B1 Confident 2200 BCE 1000 BCE
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145 Beaker Culture Atlantic Complex Confident 3200 BCE 2000 BCE
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146 French Kingdom - Early Bourbon French Kingdom - Late Bourbon Confident 1589 CE 1660 CE
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147 French Kingdom - Late Bourbon Revolutionary Republic Confident 1660 CE 1815 CE
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148 Proto-French Kingdom French Kingdom - Late Capetian Confident 987 CE 1150 CE
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149 French Kingdom - Late Capetian French Kingdom - Early Valois Confident 1150 CE 1328 CE
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150 Carolingian Empire I Carolingian Empire II Confident 752 CE 840 CE
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151 Carolingian Empire II Proto-French Kingdom Confident 840 CE 987 CE
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152 Hallstatt A-B1 Hallstatt B Confident 1000 BCE 900 BCE
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153 Hallstatt B2-3 Hallstatt C Confident 900 BCE 700 BCE
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154 Hallstatt C Hallstatt D Confident 700 BCE 600 BCE
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155 Hallstatt D La Tene A-B1 Confident 600 BCE 475 BCE
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156 Early Merovingian Middle Merovingian Confident 481 CE 543 CE
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157 Proto-Carolingian Carolingian Empire I Confident 687 CE 751 CE
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158 Middle Merovingian Proto-Carolingian Confident 543 CE 687 CE
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159 La Tene A-B1 La Tene B2-C1 Confident 475 BCE 325 BCE
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160 Jin Zhao Confident 780 BCE 404 BCE
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161 Jin Wei Confident 780 BCE 404 BCE
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162 Jin Qin Confident 780 BCE 404 BCE
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163 Late Shang Western Zhou Confident 1250 BCE 1045 BCE
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164 Western Zhou Zhou Kingdom Confident 1122 BCE 771 BCE
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165 Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period Egypt - Kushite Period Confident 1069 BCE 747 BCE
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166 French Kingdom - Late Valois French Kingdom - Early Bourbon Confident 1450 CE 1589 CE
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167 Final Postpalatial Crete Geometric Crete Confident 1200 BCE 1000 BCE
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168 Monopalatial Crete Final Palatial Crete Confident 1450 BCE 1300 BCE
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169 Kalingga Kingdom Medang Kingdom Confident 500 CE 732 CE
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170 Kediri Kingdom Singhasari Kingdom Confident 1049 CE 1222 CE
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171 Majapahit Kingdom Demak Sultanate Confident 1292 CE 1518 CE
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172 Deccan - Iron Age Mauryan Empire Confident 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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173 Post-Mauryan Kingdoms Satavahana Empire Confident 205 BCE 101 BCE
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174 Hoysala Kingdom Vijayanagara Empire Confident 1108 CE 1346 CE
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175 Kampili Kingdom Vijayanagara Empire Confident 1280 CE 1327 CE
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176 Magadha - Maurya Empire Shunga Empire Confident 324 BCE 187 BCE
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177 Rashtrakuta Empire Chalukyas of Kalyani Confident 753 CE 973 CE
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178 Vijayanagara Empire Mughal Empire Confident 1336 CE 1646 CE
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179 Abbasid Caliphate I Buyid Confederation Confident 750 CE 946 CE
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180 Abbasid Caliphate II Il-khanate Confident 1191 CE 1258 CE
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181 Akkadian Empire Gutian Dynasty Confident 2270 BCE 2083 BCE
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182 Amorite Babylonia Sealand Confident 2000 BCE 1600 BCE
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183 Kassite Babylonia Middle Elamite Kingdom Confident 1595 BCE 1150 BCE
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184 Dynasty of E IqNAssr Confident 979 BCE 732 BCE
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185 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period Confident Expert 1720 BCE 1567 BCE
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186 British Empire II British Empire - Victorian Period Confident Expert 1850 CE 1968 CE
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187 Archaic Crete Classical Crete Confident Expert 710 BCE 500 BCE
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188 Classical Crete Hellenistic Crete Confident Expert 500 BCE 323 BCE
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189 Geometric Crete Archaic Crete Confident Expert 1000 BCE 710 BCE
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190 Hellenistic Crete Roman Republic Confident Expert 323 BCE 69 BCE
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191 Neolithic Crete Prepalatial Crete Confident Expert 7000 BCE 3000 BCE
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192 New Palace Crete Monopalatial Crete Confident Expert 1700 BCE 1450 BCE
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193 Old Palace Crete Neopalatial Crete Confident Expert 1900 BCE 1700 BCE
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194 Postpalatial Crete Final Postpalatial Crete Confident Expert 1300 BCE 1200 BCE
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195 Prepalatial Crete Protopalatial Crete Confident Expert 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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196 Hawaii I Hawaii II Confident Expert 1000 CE 1200 CE
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197 Canaan Ancient Phoenicia Confident Expert 2000 BCE 1175 BCE
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198 Yisrael Neo-Assyrian Empire Confident Expert 1030 BCE 722 BCE
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199 Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Confident 2900 BCE 2500 BCE
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200 Second Dynasty of Isin Second Sealand Dynasty Confident 1153 BCE 1027 BCE
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201 Isin-Larsa IqBabAm Confident 2004 BCE 1763 BCE
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202 Neo-Babylonian Empire IrAchae Confident 626 BCE 539 BCE
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203 Ur - Dynasty III Isin Confident 2112 BCE 2004 BCE
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204 Uruk Early Dynastic Sumer Confident 4000 BCE 2900 BCE
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205 Achaemenid Empire Macedonian Empire Confident 550 BCE 331 BCE
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206 Ak Koyunlu Safavid Empire Confident 1339 CE 1501 CE
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207 Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar Susiana A Confident 7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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208 Elam - Awan Dynasty I Akkadian Empire Confident 2675 BCE 2100 BCE
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209 Elam - Crisis Period Elam - Dark Age Confident 1100 BCE 900 BCE
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210 Formative Period Archaic Period Confident 7200 BCE 7000 BCE
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211 Susiana A Susiana B Confident 6000 BCE 5700 BCE
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212 Susiana B Susiana - Early Ubaid Confident 5700 BCE 5100 BCE
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213 Susiana - Late Ubaid Susa I Confident 4700 BCE 4300 BCE
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214 Susiana - Early Ubaid Susiana - Late Ubaid Confident 5100 BCE 4700 BCE
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215 Elam - Kidinuid Period Neo-Assyrian Empire Confident 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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216 Elam - Igihalkid Period Neo-Assyrian Empire Confident 1399 BCE 1200 BCE
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217 Elam - Shutrukid Period Neo-Assyrian Empire Confident 1199 BCE 1100 BCE
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218 Elam I Elam - Neo-Elamite II Confident 900 BCE 744 BCE
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219 Iban - Pre-Brooke Brooke Raj Confident 1650 CE 1841 CE
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220 Iban - Pre-Brooke White Rajahs Confident 1650 CE 1841 CE
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221 Java - Buni Culture Kalingga Kingdom Confident 400 BCE 500 CE
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222 Chalukyas of Badami Rashtrakuta Empire Confident 543 CE 753 CE
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223 Kadamba Empire Chalukyas of Badami Confident 345 CE 550 CE
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224 Mughal Empire Durrani Empire Confident 1526 CE 1858 CE
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225 Buyid Confederation Seljuk Empire Confident 932 CE 1062 CE
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226 Parthian Empire II Sassanid Empire I Confident 41 CE 226 CE
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227 Pre-Ceramic Period Formative Period Confident 7800 BCE 7200 BCE
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228 Sasanid Empire I Sassanid Empire II Confident 205 CE 487 CE
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229 Sasanid Empire II Rashidun Caliphate Confident 488 CE 642 CE
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230 Seleucids Parthian Empire I Confident 312 BCE 63 BCE
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231 Elam - Early Sukkalmah Elam - Late Sukkalmah Confident 1900 BCE 1701 BCE
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232 Elam - Late Sukkalmah Elam - Kidinuid Period Confident 1700 BCE 1500 BCE
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233 Susa II Susa III Confident 3800 BCE 3100 BCE
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234 Susa III Elam - Awan Dynasty I Confident 3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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235 Ostrogothic Kingdom East Roman Empire Confident 489 CE 554 CE
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236 Rome - Republic of St Peter II Papal State I Confident 904 CE 1198 CE
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237 Exarchate of Ravenna Republic of St Peter Confident 568 CE 751 CE
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238 Early Roman Republic Middle Roman Republic Confident 509 BCE 264 BCE
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239 Middle Roman Republic Late Roman Republic Confident 264 BCE 133 BCE
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240 Roman Kingdom Early Roman Republic Confident 716 BCE 509 BCE
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241 Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity Roman Empire - Late Antiquity Confident 395 CE 476 CE
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242 Republic of Venice III Venetian Republic Confident 1204 CE 1563 CE
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243 Ashikaga Shogunate Japan - Sengoku Jidai Confident 1336 CE 1467 CE
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244 Asuka Kansai - Nara Period Confident 538 CE 710 CE
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245 Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama Tokugawa Shogunate Confident 1568 CE 1603 CE
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246 Japan - Early Jomon Japan - Middle Jomon Confident 5300 BCE 3500 BCE
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247 Japan - Final Jomon Kansai - Yayoi Period Confident 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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248 Kansai - Kofun Period Kansai - Asuka Period Confident 250 CE 537 CE
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249 Nara Kingdom Kansai - Heian Period Confident 710 CE 794 CE
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250 Tokugawa Shogunate Japan - Meiji Restoration Confident 1603 CE 1868 CE
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251 Kansai - Yayoi Period Kansai - Kofun Period Confident 300 BCE 250 CE
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252 Ubaid Uruk culture Confident Expert 5500 BCE 4201 BCE
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253 Papal States - Early Modern Period I Papal States - Medieval Period II Confident Expert 1527 CE 1648 CE
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254 Papal States - Early Modern Period II Napoleonic Empire Confident Expert 1648 CE 1809 CE
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255 Papal States - Renaissance Period Papal States - Medieval Period I Confident Expert 1378 CE 1527 CE
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256 Late Roman Republic Roman Empire - Principate Confident Expert 133 BCE 31 BCE
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257 Roman Empire - Principate Roman Empire - Dominate Confident Expert 31 BCE 284 CE
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258 Latium - Iron Age Roman Kingdom Confident 1000 BCE 580 BCE
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259 Republic of St Peter I Rome - Republic of St Peter II Confident 711 CE 904 CE
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260 Heian Kamakura Shogunate Confident 794 CE 1185 CE
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261 Japan - Incipient Jomon Japan - Initial Jomon Confident 13600 BCE 9200 BCE
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262 Japan - Initial Jomon Early Jomon Confident 9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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263 Japan - Middle Jomon Japan - Late Jomon Confident 3500 BCE 2500 BCE
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264 Japan - Late Jomon Japan - Final Jomon Confident 2500 BCE 1200 BCE
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265 Kara-Khanids Khwarezmid Empire Confident 950 CE 1212 CE
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266 Funan I Funan II Confident 225 CE 540 CE
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267 Saadi Sultanate Alaouite Dynasty Confident 1554 CE 1659 CE
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268 Segou Kingdom Bamana Empire Confident 1650 CE 1712 CE
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269 Late Xiongnu Xianbei Confederation Confident 60 BCE 100 CE
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270 Xiongnu Imperial Confederation MnXngnL Confident 209 BCE 60 BCE
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271 Zungharian Empire China - Early Qing Confident 1670 CE 1757 CE
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272 Early Monte Alban I MxAlb1L Confident 500 BCE 300 BCE
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273 Monte Alban Late I MxAlb2* Confident 300 BCE 100 BCE
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274 Monte Alban II MxAlb3A Confident 100 BCE 200 CE
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275 Monte Alban III MxAlb3B Confident 200 CE 500 CE
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276 Oaxaca - Rosario MxAlb1E Confident 700 BCE 500 BCE
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277 Oaxaca - San Jose MxRosar Confident 1150 BCE 700 BCE
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278 Oaxaca - Tierras Largas MxSanGu Confident 1400 BCE 1150 BCE
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279 Cuzco - Early Intermediate II PeWari* Confident 500 CE 649 CE
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280 Cuzco - Late Intermediate I PeCuzL2 Confident 1000 CE 1250 CE
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281 Cuzco - Late Intermediate II PeInca* Confident 1250 CE 1400 CE
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282 Cuzco - Late Formative PeCuzE1 Confident 500 BCE 200 CE
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283 Indo-Greek Kingdom Parthian Empire I Confident 180 BCE 10 BCE
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284 Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period Confident 1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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285 Sind - Samma Dynasty Mughal Empire Confident 1335 CE 1521 CE
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286 Egypt - Kushite Period Neo-Assyrian Empire Confident 747 BCE 656 BCE
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287 Umayyad Caliphate Abbasid Caliphate I Confident 661 CE 750 CE
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288 Sarazm Andronovo Confident 3500 BCE 2000 BCE
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289 Fatimid Caliphate Ayyubid Sultanate Confident 909 CE 1171 CE
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290 Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age Konya Plain - Middle Bronze Age Confident 3000 BCE 2000 BCE
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291 Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II Hatti - New Kingdom Confident 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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292 Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia KonLBA1 Confident 2000 BCE 1700 BCE
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293 Late Cappadocia Late Roman Republic Confident 330 BCE 16 CE
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294 Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age Confident 5500 BCE 3000 BCE
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295 Hatti - New Kingdom Neo-Hittite Kingdoms Confident 1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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296 Hatti - Old Kingdom Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II Confident 1650 BCE 1500 BCE
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297 Lysimachus Kingdom Seleucid Empire Confident 323 BCE 281 BCE
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298 Monte Alban V Spanish colonial rule Confident Expert 900 CE 1520 CE
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299 Archaic Basin of Mexico MxInitl Confident Expert 6000 BCE 2001 BCE
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300 Classic Basin of Mexico MxEpicl Confident Expert 100 CE 649 CE
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301 Late Formative Basin of Mexico MxFormT Confident Expert 400 BCE 101 BCE
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302 Middle Formative Basin of Mexico MxCuicu Confident Expert 800 BCE 401 BCE
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303 Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico MxClass Confident Expert 100 BCE 99 CE
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304 Initial Formative Basin of Mexico MxFormE Confident Expert 2000 BCE 1201 BCE
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305 Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic Confident Expert 5500 BCE 4000 BCE
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306 Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic not applicable Confident Expert 4000 BCE 3200 BCE
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307 Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period Kachi Plain - Urban Period I Confident Expert 3200 BCE 2500 BCE
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308 Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period Achaemenid Empire Confident Expert 1300 BCE 500 BCE
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309 Kachi Plain - Urban Period I Kachi Plain - Urban Period II Confident Expert 2500 BCE 2100 BCE
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310 Kachi Plain - Urban Period II Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period Confident Expert 2100 BCE 1800 BCE
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311 Byzantine Empire I Byzantine Empire II Confident Expert 632 CE 866 CE
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312 Byzantine Empire II Byzantine Empire III Confident Expert 867 CE 1072 CE
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313 Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic Confident Expert 6000 BCE 5500 BCE
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314 East Roman Empire Byzantine Empire I Confident Expert 395 CE 631 CE
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315 Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic Konya Plain - Late Neolithic Confident 7000 BCE 6600 BCE
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316 Konya Plain - Early Neolithic Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic Confident 9600 BCE 7000 BCE
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317 Konya Plain - Late Neolithic Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic Neolithic Confident 6600 BCE 6000 BCE
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318 Neo-Hittite Kingdoms Tabal Kingdoms Confident 1180 BCE 900 BCE
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319 Ottoman Empire II Ottoman Empire III Confident 1517 CE 1683 CE
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320 Ottoman Empire III Ottoman Empire IV Confident 1683 CE 1839 CE
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321 Phrygian Kingdom Konya Plain - Cimmerian Period Confident 900 BCE 695 BCE
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322 Roman Empire - Dominate Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity Confident 285 CE 394 CE
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323 Middle Wagadu Empire Ghana II Confident 700 CE 1077 CE
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324 Cuzco - Early Intermediate I PeCuzE2 Confident 200 CE 499 CE
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325 Wari Empire PeCuzL1 Confident 650 CE 999 CE
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326 Ayutthaya Rattanakosin Confident 1593 CE 1767 CE
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327 Rattanakosin Rattanakosin - Reform Period Confident 1782 CE 1873 CE
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328 Tabal Kingdoms Assyrian Empire Confident 900 BCE 730 BCE
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329 Early Illinois Confederation Late Illinois Confederation Confident 1640 CE 1717 CE
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330 Oneota Early Illinois Confederation Confident 1400 CE 1650 CE
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331 Chagatai Khanate Timurid Empire Confident 1263 CE 1402 CE
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332 Khanate of Bukhara Manghits Confident 1599 CE 1747 CE
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333 Ancient Khwarazm Achaemenid Empire Confident 1000 BCE 521 BCE
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334 Koktepe I Koktepe II Confident 1400 BCE 1000 BCE
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335 Samanid Empire Kara-Khanids Confident 819 CE 999 CE
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336 Sogdiana - City-States Period Umayyad Caliphate Confident 604 CE 711 CE
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337 Timurid Empire Shaybanid Kingdom Confident 1370 CE 1526 CE
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338 Himyar I YeHmyr2 Confident 270 CE 340 CE
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339 Himyar II EtAksm1 Confident 378 CE 525 CE
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340 Qatabanian Commonwealth YeSaRay Confident 450 BCE 111 BCE
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341 Rasulid Dynasty YeTahir Confident 1229 CE 1453 CE
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342 Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan EtAksm1 Confident 110 BCE 149 CE
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343 Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty TrOttm3 Confident 1454 CE 1517 CE
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344 Yemen - Era of Warlords EgAyyub Confident 1038 CE 1174 CE
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345 Yemen Ziyad Dynasty YeWarLd Confident 822 CE 1037 CE
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346 Greco-Bactrian Kingdom Sakas Confident 256 BCE 125 BCE
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347 Tocharians Kushan Empire Confident 129 BCE 29 CE
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348 Eastern Han Empire Wei Dynasty Confident 25 CE 220 CE
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349 Yehuda Late Roman Republic Confident Expert 141 BCE 63 BCE
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350 Ottoman Emirate Ottoman Empire I Confident Expert 1299 CE 1402 CE
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351 Ottoman Empire I Ottoman Empire II Confident Expert 1402 CE 1517 CE
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352 Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling Cahokia - Moorehead Confident Expert 1055 CE 1199 CE
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353 Cahokia - Moorehead Cahokia - Sand Prairie Confident Expert 1200 CE 1275 CE
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354 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II Cahokia - Lohmann-Stirling Confident Expert 900 CE 1049 CE
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355 Cahokia - Late Woodland II Cahokia - Late Woodland III Confident Expert 450 CE 600 CE
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356 Cahokia - Middle Woodland Cahokia - Late Woodland I Confident Expert 150 BCE 300 CE
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357 Cahokia - Late Woodland I Cahokia - Late Woodland II Confident Expert 300 CE 450 CE
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358 Cahokia - Sand Prairie Oneota Confident Expert 1275 CE 1400 CE
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359 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I Merrell-Edlehardt Confident Expert 750 CE 900 CE
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360 Yemen - Late Bronze Age YeSabaC Confident Expert 1200 BCE 801 BCE
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361 Erlitou Erligang Confident 1850 BCE 1600 BCE
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362 Hmong - Early Chinese Peoples Republic of China Confident 1895 CE 1941 CE
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363 Tang Dynasty II China - Five Dynasties Period and Ten Kingdoms Period Confident 763 CE 907 CE
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364 Rum Sultanate Mongol Empire Confident 1077 CE 1307 CE
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365 Koktepe II NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI Confident 750 BCE 550 BCE
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366 Electorate of Brandenburg Brandenburg-Prussia Confident 1415 CE 1618 CE
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367 East Francia Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty Confident 842 CE 919 CE
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368 Shuar - Colonial Shuar - Ecuadorian Confident 1534 CE 1830 CE
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369 Shuar - Ecuadorian Republic of Ecuador Confident 1831 CE 1931 CE
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370 Chuuk - Early Truk FmTrukL Confident 1775 CE 1886 CE
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371 Icelandic Commonwealth Kingdom of Norway Confident Expert 930 CE 1262 CE
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372 Papal States - High Medieval Period Rome - Republic Restoration Period Confident Expert 1198 CE 1309 CE
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373 Cahokia - Late Woodland III Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I Confident Expert 600 CE 750 CE
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374 Chuuk - Late Truk United Nations Trusteeship Confident 1886 CE 1948 CE
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375 Chuuk - Late Truk Federated States of Micronesia Confident 1886 CE 1948 CE
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376 Early A'chik British Colonial India Confident 1775 CE 1867 CE
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377 Akan - Pre-Ashanti Ashanti Empire Confident 1501 CE 1701 CE
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378 Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I Habsburg Empire III Confident 1454 CE 1648 CE
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379 British Empire I British Empire II Confident 1690 CE 1849 CE
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380 Anglo-Saxon England I Kingdom of England Confident 410 CE 926 CE
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381 Austro-Hungarian Monarchy Republic of Austria Confident 1867 CE 1918 CE
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382 Ashanti Empire British Empire Gold Coast Colony Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
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383 Phoenician Empire Macedonian Empire Confident Expert 1200 BCE 332 BCE
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384 Early Mongols Mongol Empire Confident Expert 1000 CE 1206 CE
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385 Early Formative Basin of Mexico MxFormM Confident Expert 1200 BCE 801 BCE
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386 Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial Malaysia Confident 1841 CE 1987 CE
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387 Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial Indonesia Confident 1841 CE 1987 CE
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388 Medang Kingdom Kahuripan Kingdom Confident 732 CE 1019 CE
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389 Chalukyas of Kalyani Hoysala Empire Confident 973 CE 1189 CE
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390 Deccan - Neolithic Deccan - Iron Age Confident 2700 BCE 1200 BCE
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391 Sakha - Late USSR Confident 1632 CE 1900 CE
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392 Late A'chik Republic of India Confident 1867 CE 1956 CE
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393 Satavahana Empire Vakataka Kingdom Confident 100 BCE 200 CE
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394 Bazi Dynasty Elamite Dynasty Confident 1005 BCE 986 BCE
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395 Ilkhanate Chobanids Confident 1256 CE 1339 CE
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396 Safavid Empire NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI Confident 1501 CE 1722 CE
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397 Seljuk Sultanate Il-Khanate Confident 1037 CE 1157 CE
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398 Latium - Bronze Age Latium - Iron Age Confident 1800 BCE 900 BCE
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399 Latium - Copper Age Latium - Bronze Age Confident 3600 BCE 1800 BCE
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400 Kamakura Shogunate Japan - Kemmu Restoration Confident 1185 CE 1333 CE
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401 Warring States Japan Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama Confident 1467 CE 1568 CE
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402 Khmer Kingdom Ayutthaya Confident 1432 CE 1594 CE
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403 Chenla Early Angkor Confident 550 CE 825 CE
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404 Funan II Zhenla Confident 540 CE 640 CE
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405 Bamana kingdom Toucouleur Kingdom Confident 1712 CE 1861 CE
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406 Mongol Empire Great Yuan Confident 1206 CE 1368 CE
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407 Rouran Khaganate First Turk Khaganate Confident 300 CE 555 CE
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408 Shiwei Khitan Empire Confident 600 CE 1000 CE
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409 Second Turk Khaganate Uighur Khaganate Confident 682 CE 744 CE
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410 Later Wagadu Empire Mali Empire Confident 1078 CE 1203 CE
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411 Monte Alban IIIB and IV Zapotec Confident 500 CE 900 CE
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412 Monte Alban IIIB and IV Monte Albán V Confident 500 CE 900 CE
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413 Middle and Late Nok Late Nok Confident 1500 BCE 901 BCE
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414 Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II Soviet Untion Confident 1776 CE 1917 CE
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415 Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial Orokaiva - Colonial Confident 1734 CE 1883 CE
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416 Orokaiva - Colonial Australian Territory of Papua and New Guinea Confident 1884 CE 1942 CE
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417 Orokaiva - Colonial Independent State of Papua New Guinea Confident 1884 CE 1942 CE
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418 Sakha - Early Czarist Russia Confident 1400 CE 1632 CE
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419 Sakha - Late Czarist Russia Confident 1632 CE 1900 CE
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420 Brandenburg-Prussia Germany - Hohenzollern Dynasty Confident 1618 CE 1870 CE
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421 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early Iroquois Confederacy Confident 1566 CE 1713 CE
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422 Nayaks of Madurai Carnatic Sultanate Confident 1529 CE 1736 CE
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423 Aro Southern Nigerian Protectorate Confident 1690 CE 1902 CE
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424 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late United States of America Confident 1714 CE 1848 CE
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425 Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty TrOttm4 Confident 1637 CE 1805 CE
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426 West Burkina Faso Yellow II West Burkina Faso Red I Confident 501 CE 700 CE
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427 Dambadaneiya Second Pandyan Empire Confident 1232 CE 1293 CE
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428 State of the Teutonic Order Brandenburg-Prussia Confident 1300 CE 1400 CE
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429 Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty Holy Roman Empire - Hohenstaufen and Welf Dynasties Confident 919 CE 1125 CE
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430 Germany - Hohenzollern Dynasty Weimar Republic Confident 1871 CE 1918 CE
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431 Whydah Dahomey Confident 1671 CE 1727 CE
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432 Proto-Yoruboid Early Formative Proto-Yoruba Confident 300 BCE 300 CE
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433 Kingdom of Bohemia - Přemyslid Dynasty Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty Confident 1198 CE 1309 CE
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434 Hungary Kingdom - Árpád Dynasty Hungary Kingdom - Anjou and Later Dynasties Confident 1000 CE 1301 CE
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435 Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II Confident 1614 CE 1775 CE
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436 Karagwe German Empire Confident 1500 CE 1916 CE
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437 Kingdom of Nyinginya German Empire Confident 1650 CE 1897 CE
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438 Early United Mexican States Late United Mexican States Confident 1810 CE 1920 CE
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439 Plantagenet England Early Modern England Confident 1154 CE 1485 CE
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440 Us Reconstruction-Progressive United States of America - Contemporary Confident 1866 CE 1933 CE
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441 Chaco Canyon - Late Bonito phase Chaco Canyon - McElmo phase Confident 1101 CE 1140 CE
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442 Late Classic Tikal Terminal Classic Tikal Confident 555 CE 869 CE
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443 Tudor and Early Stuart England British Empire I Confident 1486 CE 1689 CE
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444 Anglo-Saxon England II Norman England Confident 927 CE 1065 CE
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445 Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II Interwar Austria Confident 1649 CE 1918 CE
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446 Nayaks of Thanjavur Marathas Confident 1532 CE 1676 CE
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447 Kushan Empire Sassanid Empire I Confident Expert 35 CE 319 CE
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448 Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period Confident Expert 1293 BCE 1070 BCE
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449 Egypt - Period of the Regions Egypt - Middle Kingdom Confident Expert 2150 BCE 2016 BCE
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450 The Emirate of Crete Middle Byzantine Empire Confident Expert 824 CE 961 CE
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451 Hawaii II Hawaii III Confident Expert 1200 CE 1580 CE
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452 Hawaii III Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period Confident Expert 1580 CE 1778 CE
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453 Kingdom of Norway II Kalmar Union Confident Expert 1262 CE 1396 CE
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454 Inca Empire EsHabsb Confident Expert 1375 CE 1532 CE
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455 Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic Confident Expert 7500 BCE 5500 BCE
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456 Byzantine Empire III Latin Empire Confident Expert 1073 CE 1204 CE
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457 Cahokia - Early Woodland Cahokia - Middle Woodland Confident Expert 600 BCE 150 BCE
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458 Sabaean Commonwealth YeQatab Confident Expert 800 BCE 451 BCE
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