Section: Political and Cultural Relations
Variable: Polity Degree Of Centralization (All coded records)
unknown/ quasi-polity/ nominal/ loose/ confederated state /unitary state 'quasi-polity' = or 'none'. Use if, for example, the NGA is inhabited by many politically independent groups. There are four types of quasi-polity: archaeological, temporal, complex and dominant. Quasi-Polities: further information. 'nominal' = regional rulers pay only nominal allegiance to the overall ruler and maintain independence on all important aspects of governing, including taxation and warfare. (example: Japan during the Sengoku period) 'loose' = the central government exercises a certain degree of control, especially over military matters and international relations. Otherwise the regional rulers are left alone (example: European 'feudalism' after the collapse of the Carolingian empire) 'confederated state' = regions enjoy a large degree of autonomy in internal (regional) government. In particular, the regional governors are either hereditary rulers, or are elected by regional elites or by the population of the region; and regional governments can levy and dispose of regional taxes. Use this category for the more centralized 'feudal states'. 'unitary state' = regional governors are appointed and removed by the central authorities, taxes are imposed by, and transmitted to the center  
Polity Degree Of Centralization
#  Polity  Coded Value Tags Year(s) Edit Desc
1 East Francia loose Confident 842 CE 880 CE
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2 East Francia confederated state Confident 880 CE 911 CE
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3 Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty unitary state Confident 966 CE 1138 CE
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4 Hungary Kingdom - Árpád Dynasty loose Confident 1000 CE 1150 CE
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5 Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty Fragmented Period none Confident 1139 CE 1320 CE
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6 Benin Empire loose Confident 1180 CE 1428 CE
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7 Kingdom of Bohemia - Přemyslid Dynasty confederated state Confident 1198 CE 1253 CE
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8 Hungary Kingdom - Árpád Dynasty confederated state Confident 1222 CE 1301 CE
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9 Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty Fragmented Period unitary state Confident 1320 CE 1370 CE
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10 Kingdom of Kaffa unknown Suspected 1390 CE 1529 CE
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11 Electorate of Brandenburg loose Confident 1415 CE 1539 CE
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12 Benin Empire confederated state Confident 1428 CE 1897 CE
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13 Kingdom of Kaffa loose Confident 1530 CE 1897 CE
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14 Electorate of Brandenburg confederated state Confident 1539 CE 1618 CE
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15 Kingdom of Nyinginya nominal Confident 1650 CE 1720 CE
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16 Kingdom of Nyinginya nominal Confident Uncertain 1736 CE 1796 CE
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17 Kingdom of Nyinginya unitary state Confident Uncertain 1736 CE 1796 CE
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18 Kingdom of Nyinginya unitary state Confident 1797 CE 1897 CE
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19 Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty unitary state Confident 1454 CE 1517 CE
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20 Rasulid Dynasty unitary state Confident 1229 CE 1453 CE
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21 Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period unitary state Confident 868 CE 969 CE
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22 Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period unitary state Confident Expert 1550 BCE 1293 BCE
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23 Ptolemaic Kingdom I unitary state Confident Expert 305 BCE 217 BCE
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24 Ptolemaic Kingdom II unitary state Confident Expert 217 BCE 30 BCE
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25 Cahokia - Sand Prairie loose Confident Expert 1275 CE 1400 CE
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26 Atlantic Complex quasi-polity Confident 2200 BCE 1000 BCE
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27 Beaker Culture quasi-polity Confident 3200 BCE 2000 BCE
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28 Eastern Han Empire unitary state Confident 25 CE 220 CE
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29 French Kingdom - Late Capetian unitary state Confident 1150 CE 1328 CE
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30 La Tene A-B1 confederated state Confident 475 BCE 325 BCE
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31 La Tene B2-C1 confederated state Confident 325 BCE 175 BCE
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32 La Tene C2-D nominal Confident 175 BCE 27 BCE
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33 French Kingdom - Late Valois unitary state Confident 1450 CE 1589 CE
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34 Kampili Kingdom unitary state Confident 1280 CE 1327 CE
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35 Eastern Han Empire confederated state Confident 25 CE 220 CE
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36 Hmong - Early Chinese unitary state Confident 1895 CE 1941 CE
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37 Jin loose Confident 780 BCE 404 BCE
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38 Northern Song unitary state Confident 960 CE 1127 CE
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39 Tairona quasi-polity Confident 1050 CE 1524 CE
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40 Shuar - Colonial nominal Confident 1534 CE 1830 CE
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41 Shuar - Colonial quasi-polity Confident 1534 CE 1830 CE
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42 Old Palace Crete quasi-polity Confident Expert 1900 BCE 1700 BCE
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43 Shuar - Ecuadorian quasi-polity Confident 1831 CE 1931 CE
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44 Ak Koyunlu confederated state Confident 1339 CE 1501 CE
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45 Ak Koyunlu loose Confident 1339 CE 1501 CE
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46 Parthian Empire I confederated state Confident 247 BCE 40 CE
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47 Second Turk Khaganate loose Confident 682 CE 744 CE
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48 Zungharian Empire confederated state Confident 1670 CE 1757 CE
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49 Egypt - Dynasty II unitary state Confident 2900 BCE 2687 BCE
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50 Chalukyas of Kalyani loose Confident 973 CE 1189 CE
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51 Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period unitary state Confident Expert 1293 BCE 1070 BCE
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52 Canaan quasi-polity Confident Expert 2000 BCE 1175 BCE
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53 Yisrael confederated state Confident Expert 1030 BCE 722 BCE
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54 Late Roman Republic unitary state Confident Expert 133 BCE 31 BCE
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55 Egypt - Saite Period loose Confident 664 BCE 525 BCE
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56 Egypt - Saite Period unitary state Confident 664 BCE 525 BCE
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57 Spanish Empire I confederated state Confident 1516 CE 1715 CE
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58 Axum I nominal Confident 149 BCE 349 CE
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59 Axum I loose Confident 149 BCE 349 CE
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60 Axum I confederated state Confident 149 BCE 349 CE
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61 Chuuk - Late Truk loose Confident 1886 CE 1948 CE
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62 French Kingdom - Early Bourbon unitary state Confident 1589 CE 1660 CE
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63 French Kingdom - Late Bourbon unitary state Confident 1660 CE 1815 CE
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64 Carolingian Empire I unitary state Confident 752 CE 840 CE
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65 Hallstatt C loose Confident 700 BCE 600 BCE
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66 Deccan - Iron Age quasi-polity Confident 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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67 Deccan - Neolithic quasi-polity Confident 2700 BCE 1200 BCE
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68 French Kingdom - Late Capetian loose Confident 1150 CE 1328 CE
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69 Pre-Sape Sierra Leone quasi-polity Confident 600 CE 1400 CE
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70 West Burkina Faso Red II and III quasi-polity Confident 1100 CE 1400 CE
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71 West Burkina Faso Red IV quasi-polity Confident 1401 CE 1500 CE
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72 Early Merovingian nominal Confident 481 CE 543 CE
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73 Middle Merovingian nominal Confident 543 CE 687 CE
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74 Anurādhapura IV nominal Confident 614 CE 1017 CE
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75 Classical Angkor unitary state Confident 1100 CE 1220 CE
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76 Early Angkor unitary state Confident 802 CE 1100 CE
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77 Chenla confederated state Confident 550 CE 825 CE
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78 Funan I confederated state Confident 225 CE 540 CE
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79 Funan II confederated state Confident 540 CE 640 CE
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80 Andronovo quasi-polity Confident 1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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81 Saadi Sultanate unitary state Confident 1554 CE 1659 CE
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82 Bamana kingdom unitary state Confident 1712 CE 1861 CE
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83 Mali Empire unitary state Confident 1230 CE 1410 CE
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84 Segou Kingdom unitary state Confident 1650 CE 1712 CE
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85 Proto-Yoruba quasi-polity Confident 301 CE 649 CE
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86 Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II nominal Confident 1649 CE 1918 CE
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87 Archaic Crete quasi-polity Confident Expert 710 BCE 500 BCE
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88 Classical Crete quasi-polity Confident Expert 500 BCE 323 BCE
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89 The Emirate of Crete unitary state Confident Expert 824 CE 961 CE
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90 Geometric Crete quasi-polity Confident Expert 1000 BCE 710 BCE
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91 Hellenistic Crete quasi-polity Confident Expert 323 BCE 69 BCE
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92 Neolithic Crete quasi-polity Confident Expert 7000 BCE 3000 BCE
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93 Yehuda confederated state Confident Expert 141 BCE 63 BCE
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94 Rouran Khaganate confederated state Confident 300 CE 555 CE
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95 Late Xiongnu confederated state Confident 60 BCE 100 CE
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96 Kwararafa loose Confident 596 CE 1820 CE
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97 Allada unitary state Confident Disputed 1100 CE 1724 CE
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98 Kanem-Borno confederated state Confident 1380 CE 1893 CE
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99 Wukari Federation confederated state Confident 1820 CE 1899 CE
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100 Neo-Hittite Kingdoms quasi-polity Confident 1180 BCE 900 BCE
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101 Phrygian Kingdom loose Confident 900 BCE 695 BCE
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102 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early loose Confident 1566 CE 1713 CE
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103 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late loose Confident 1714 CE 1848 CE
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104 Buhaya quasi-polity Confident 1700 CE 1890 CE
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105 Toutswe unknown Suspected 700 CE 1250 CE
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106 Oyo unknown Suspected 1300 CE 1535 CE
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107 Monopalatial Crete quasi-polity Confident 1450 BCE 1300 BCE
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108 La Tene B2-C1 loose Confident 325 BCE 175 BCE
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109 French Kingdom - Early Valois unitary state Confident 1328 CE 1450 CE
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110 French Kingdom - Late Valois loose Confident 1450 CE 1589 CE
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111 Akan - Pre-Ashanti quasi-polity Confident 1501 CE 1701 CE
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112 Ashanti Empire confederated state Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
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113 Iban - Pre-Brooke quasi-polity Confident 1650 CE 1841 CE
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114 Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial loose Confident 1841 CE 1987 CE
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115 Kediri Kingdom nominal Confident 1049 CE 1222 CE
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116 Medang Kingdom nominal Confident 732 CE 1019 CE
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117 Chalukyas of Badami unitary state Confident 543 CE 753 CE
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118 Hoysala Kingdom unitary state Confident 1108 CE 1346 CE
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119 Mughal Empire unitary state Confident 1526 CE 1858 CE
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120 Uruk unknown Suspected 4000 BCE 2900 BCE
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121 Abbasid Caliphate II unitary state Confident 1191 CE 1258 CE
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122 Neo-Assyrian Empire unitary state Confident 911 BCE 612 BCE
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123 Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar quasi-polity Confident 7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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124 Formative Period quasi-polity Confident 7200 BCE 7000 BCE
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125 Susiana - Early Ubaid quasi-polity Confident 5100 BCE 4700 BCE
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126 Pre-Ceramic Period quasi-polity Confident 7800 BCE 7200 BCE
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127 Qajar unitary state Confident 1794 CE 1925 CE
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128 Sasanid Empire II unitary state Confident 488 CE 642 CE
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129 Early Roman Republic unitary state Confident 509 BCE 264 BCE
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130 Kassite Babylonia confederated state Confident 1595 BCE 1150 BCE
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131 Early Dynastic quasi-polity Confident 2900 BCE 2500 BCE
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132 Early Dynastic nominal Confident 2900 BCE 2500 BCE
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133 Neo-Babylonian Empire unitary state Confident 626 BCE 539 BCE
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134 Hawaii II quasi-polity Confident Expert 1200 CE 1580 CE
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135 Ubaid unknown Suspected Expert 5500 BCE 4201 BCE
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136 Papal States - Early Modern Period II unitary state Confident Expert 1648 CE 1809 CE
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137 Elam - Crisis Period quasi-polity Confident 1100 BCE 900 BCE
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138 Elam - Shutrukid Period unitary state Confident 1199 BCE 1100 BCE
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139 Safavid Empire unitary state Confident 1501 CE 1722 CE
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140 Sasanid Empire I unitary state Confident 205 CE 487 CE
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141 Elam - Early Sukkalmah quasi-polity Confident 1900 BCE 1701 BCE
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142 Elam - Early Sukkalmah confederated state Confident 1900 BCE 1701 BCE
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143 Susa I quasi-polity Confident 4300 BCE 3800 BCE
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144 Latium - Bronze Age quasi-polity Confident 1800 BCE 900 BCE
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145 Latium - Copper Age quasi-polity Confident 3600 BCE 1800 BCE
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146 Exarchate of Ravenna loose Confident 568 CE 751 CE
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147 Exarchate of Ravenna confederated state Confident 568 CE 751 CE
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148 Middle Roman Republic unitary state Confident 264 BCE 133 BCE
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149 Roman Kingdom unitary state Confident 716 BCE 509 BCE
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150 Early Monte Alban I uncoded Confident 500 BCE 300 BCE
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151 Republic of Venice III unitary state Confident 1204 CE 1563 CE
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152 Republic of Venice IV unitary state Confident 1564 CE 1797 CE
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153 Ashikaga Shogunate confederated state Confident 1336 CE 1467 CE
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154 Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty unitary state Confident 1493 CE 1591 CE
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155 Cuzco - Early Intermediate I none Confident 200 CE 499 CE
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156 Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama loose Confident 1568 CE 1603 CE
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157 Japan - Initial Jomon quasi-polity Confident 9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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158 Japan - Final Jomon quasi-polity Confident 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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159 Warring States Japan quasi-polity Confident 1467 CE 1568 CE
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160 Kansai - Yayoi Period quasi-polity Confident 300 BCE 250 CE
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161 Late Formative Basin of Mexico quasi-polity Confident Expert 400 BCE 101 BCE
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162 Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico quasi-polity Confident Expert 100 BCE 99 CE
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163 Oneota quasi-polity Confident 1400 CE 1650 CE
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164 Samanid Empire unitary state Confident 819 CE 999 CE
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165 Himyar I unitary state Confident 270 CE 340 CE
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166 Cuzco - Late Formative none Confident 500 BCE 200 CE
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167 Sind - Samma Dynasty unitary state Confident 1335 CE 1521 CE
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168 Sarazm quasi-polity Confident 3500 BCE 2000 BCE
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169 Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age quasi-polity Confident 3000 BCE 2000 BCE
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170 Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia loose Confident 2000 BCE 1700 BCE
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171 Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia quasi-polity Confident 2000 BCE 1700 BCE
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172 Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic quasi-polity Confident 5500 BCE 3000 BCE
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173 Hatti - New Kingdom unitary state Confident 1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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174 Hatti - Old Kingdom unitary state Confident 1650 BCE 1500 BCE
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175 Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic unknown Confident 7000 BCE 6600 BCE
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176 Konya Plain - Early Neolithic unknown Confident 9600 BCE 7000 BCE
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177 Ottoman Empire II unitary state Confident 1517 CE 1683 CE
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178 Ottoman Empire III unitary state Confident 1683 CE 1839 CE
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179 Roman Empire - Dominate unitary state Confident 285 CE 394 CE
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180 Rum Sultanate confederated state Confident 1077 CE 1307 CE
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181 Koktepe I quasi-polity Confident 1400 BCE 1000 BCE
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182 Wari Empire unitary state Confident 650 CE 999 CE
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183 Orokaiva - Colonial loose Confident 1884 CE 1942 CE
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184 Sakha - Early quasi-polity Confident 1400 CE 1632 CE
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185 Sakha - Late loose Confident 1632 CE 1900 CE
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186 Egypt - Kushite Period confederated state Confident 747 BCE 656 BCE
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187 Umayyad Caliphate unitary state Confident 661 CE 750 CE
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188 Fatimid Caliphate unitary state Confident 909 CE 1171 CE
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189 Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic quasi-polity Confident Expert 4000 BCE 3200 BCE
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190 Kingdom of Norway II loose Confident Expert 1262 CE 1396 CE
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191 Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period quasi-polity Confident Expert 1300 BCE 500 BCE
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192 Byzantine Empire I unitary state Confident Expert 632 CE 866 CE
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193 Byzantine Empire II unitary state Confident Expert 867 CE 1072 CE
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194 Byzantine Empire III unitary state Confident Expert 1073 CE 1204 CE
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195 Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic quasi-polity Confident Expert 6000 BCE 5500 BCE
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196 East Roman Empire unitary state Confident Expert 395 CE 631 CE
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197 Ottoman Emirate loose Confident Expert 1299 CE 1402 CE
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198 Ottoman Emirate unitary state Confident Expert 1299 CE 1402 CE
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199 Ottoman Empire I unitary state Confident Expert 1402 CE 1517 CE
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200 Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling loose Confident Expert 1055 CE 1199 CE
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201 Cahokia - Moorehead loose Confident Expert 1200 CE 1275 CE
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202 Cahokia - Early Woodland none Confident Expert 600 BCE 150 BCE
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203 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II loose Confident Expert 900 CE 1049 CE
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204 Cahokia - Late Woodland II none Confident Expert 450 CE 600 CE
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205 Cahokia - Middle Woodland none Confident Expert 150 BCE 300 CE
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206 Cahokia - Late Woodland III none Confident Expert 600 CE 750 CE
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207 Cahokia - Late Woodland I none Confident Expert 300 CE 450 CE
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208 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I none Confident Expert 750 CE 900 CE
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209 Durrani Empire loose Confident 1747 CE 1826 CE
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210 Ghur Principality loose Confident 1025 CE 1215 CE
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211 Ghur Principality confederated state Confident 1025 CE 1215 CE
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212 Greco-Bactrian Kingdom unitary state Confident 256 BCE 125 BCE
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213 Hephthalites nominal Confident 408 CE 561 CE
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214 Hephthalites confederated state Confident 408 CE 561 CE
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215 Tocharians quasi-polity Confident 129 BCE 29 CE
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216 Erligang quasi-polity Confident 1650 BCE 1250 BCE
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217 Erligang confederated state Confident 1650 BCE 1250 BCE
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218 Erlitou quasi-polity Confident 1850 BCE 1600 BCE
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219 Egypt - Period of the Regions loose Confident Expert 2150 BCE 2016 BCE
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220 Hmong - Late Qing quasi-polity Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
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221 Longshan quasi-polity Confident 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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222 Late Shang unitary state Confident 1250 BCE 1045 BCE
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223 Tang Dynasty II confederated state Confident 763 CE 907 CE
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224 Early Wei Dynasty confederated state Confident 445 BCE 225 BCE
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225 Western Zhou loose Confident 1122 BCE 771 BCE
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226 Western Zhou unitary state Confident 1122 BCE 771 BCE
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227 Yangshao quasi-polity Confident 5000 BCE 3000 BCE
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228 Neguanje quasi-polity Confident 250 CE 1050 CE
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229 Egypt - Dynasty I unitary state Confident 3100 BCE 2900 BCE
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230 Naqada I none Confident 3800 BCE 3550 BCE
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231 Naqada II unknown Confident 3550 BCE 3300 BCE
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232 Egypt - Dynasty 0 quasi-polity Confident 3300 BCE 3100 BCE
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233 Carolingian Empire II nominal Confident 840 CE 987 CE
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234 Ayyubid Sultanate unitary state Confident Expert 1171 CE 1250 CE
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235 Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period loose Confident Expert 1293 BCE 1070 BCE
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236 Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom unitary state Confident Expert 2650 BCE 2350 BCE
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237 Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period quasi-polity Confident 1069 BCE 747 BCE
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238 Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period nominal Confident 1069 BCE 747 BCE
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239 Chuuk - Early Truk quasi-polity Confident 1775 CE 1886 CE
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240 Proto-French Kingdom nominal Confident 987 CE 1150 CE
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241 Proto-French Kingdom loose Confident 987 CE 1150 CE
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242 Carolingian Empire II loose Confident 840 CE 987 CE
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243 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period loose Confident Expert 1720 BCE 1567 BCE
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244 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period quasi-polity Confident Expert 1720 BCE 1567 BCE
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245 Hallstatt A-B1 loose Confident 1000 BCE 900 BCE
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246 Hallstatt B2-3 loose Confident 900 BCE 700 BCE
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247 Hallstatt D loose Confident 600 BCE 475 BCE
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248 Early Merovingian loose Confident 481 CE 543 CE
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249 Early Merovingian confederated state Confident 481 CE 543 CE
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250 Early Merovingian quasi-polity Confident 481 CE 543 CE
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251 Middle Merovingian loose Confident 543 CE 687 CE
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252 Middle Merovingian confederated state Confident 543 CE 687 CE
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253 Middle Merovingian quasi-polity Confident 543 CE 687 CE
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254 La Tene A-B1 loose Confident 475 BCE 325 BCE
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255 Final Postpalatial Crete quasi-polity Confident 1200 BCE 1000 BCE
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256 Satavahana Empire loose Confident 100 BCE 200 CE
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257 Shiwei quasi-polity Confident 600 CE 1000 CE
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258 Majapahit Kingdom loose Confident 1292 CE 1518 CE
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259 Post-Mauryan Kingdoms quasi-polity Confident 205 BCE 101 BCE
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260 Hawaii I quasi-polity Confident Expert 1000 CE 1200 CE
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261 Hawaii III unitary state Confident Expert 1580 CE 1778 CE
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262 Hawaii III quasi-polity Confident Expert 1580 CE 1778 CE
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263 Hawaii III loose Confident Expert 1580 CE 1778 CE
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264 Hawaii III unitary state Confident Expert 1580 CE 1778 CE
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265 Hawaii III quasi-polity Confident Expert 1580 CE 1778 CE
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266 Hawaii III unitary state Confident Expert 1580 CE 1778 CE
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267 Delhi Sultanate confederated state Confident 1206 CE 1526 CE
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268 Early A'chik quasi-polity Confident 1775 CE 1867 CE
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269 Late A'chik loose Confident 1867 CE 1956 CE
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270 Gupta Empire loose Confident 320 CE 550 CE
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271 Kadamba Empire unitary state Confident 345 CE 550 CE
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272 Magadha - Maurya Empire unitary state Confident 324 BCE 187 BCE
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273 Rashtrakuta Empire loose Confident 753 CE 973 CE
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274 Susiana - Late Ubaid quasi-polity Confident 4700 BCE 4300 BCE
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275 Satavahana Empire unitary state Confident 100 BCE 200 CE
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276 Vakataka Kingdom unitary state Confident 255 CE 550 CE
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277 Vijayanagara Empire loose Confident 1336 CE 1646 CE
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278 Elam - Igihalkid Period unitary state Confident 1399 BCE 1200 BCE
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279 Qatabanian Commonwealth quasi-polity Confident 450 BCE 111 BCE
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280 Timurid Empire nominal Confident 1370 CE 1526 CE
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281 Vijayanagara Empire confederated state Confident 1336 CE 1646 CE
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282 Vijayanagara Empire nominal Confident 1336 CE 1646 CE
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283 Abbasid Caliphate I unitary state Confident 750 CE 946 CE
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284 Abbasid Caliphate I nominal Confident 750 CE 946 CE
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285 Akkadian Empire unitary state Confident 2270 BCE 2083 BCE
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286 Amorite Babylonia nominal Confident 2000 BCE 1600 BCE
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287 Amorite Babylonia confederated state Confident 2000 BCE 1600 BCE
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288 Elymais II unitary state Confident 25 CE 215 CE
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289 Bazi Dynasty nominal Confident 1005 BCE 986 BCE
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290 Dynasty of E nominal Confident 979 BCE 732 BCE
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291 Second Dynasty of Isin confederated state Confident 1153 BCE 1027 BCE
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292 Isin-Larsa quasi-polity Confident 2004 BCE 1763 BCE
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293 Ur - Dynasty III unitary state Confident 2112 BCE 2004 BCE
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294 Achaemenid Empire unitary state Confident 550 BCE 331 BCE
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295 Ilkhanate unitary state Confident 1256 CE 1339 CE
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296 Susiana B quasi-polity Confident 5700 BCE 5100 BCE
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297 Elam - Awan Dynasty I confederated state Confident 2675 BCE 2100 BCE
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298 Buyid Confederation confederated state Confident 932 CE 1062 CE
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299 Elam - Crisis Period confederated state Confident 1100 BCE 900 BCE
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300 Elam - Kidinuid Period unitary state Confident 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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301 Elam I quasi-polity Confident 900 BCE 744 BCE
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302 Elam I confederated state Confident 900 BCE 744 BCE
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303 Elam II unitary state Confident 743 BCE 647 BCE
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304 Elam II confederated state Confident 743 BCE 647 BCE
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305 Elam III quasi-polity Confident 612 BCE 539 BCE
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306 Jenne-jeno II quasi-polity Confident 50 CE 399 CE
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307 Elam III confederated state Confident 612 BCE 539 BCE
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308 Parthian Empire II confederated state Confident 41 CE 226 CE
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309 Seleucids unitary state Confident 312 BCE 63 BCE
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310 Seljuk Sultanate confederated state Confident 1037 CE 1157 CE
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311 Elam - Shimashki Period confederated state Confident 2028 BCE 1940 BCE
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312 Elam - Late Sukkalmah quasi-polity Confident 1700 BCE 1500 BCE
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313 Susa II unitary state Confident 3800 BCE 3100 BCE
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314 Susa III confederated state Confident 3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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315 Susa III unitary state Confident 3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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316 Ostrogothic Kingdom loose Confident 489 CE 554 CE
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317 Ostrogothic Kingdom unitary state Confident 489 CE 554 CE
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318 Rome - Republic of St Peter II loose Confident 904 CE 1198 CE
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319 Jenne-jeno III quasi-polity Confident 400 CE 899 CE
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320 Papal States - High Medieval Period unitary state Confident Expert 1198 CE 1309 CE
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321 Exarchate of Ravenna nominal Confident 568 CE 751 CE
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322 Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity unitary state Confident 395 CE 476 CE
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323 Republic of St Peter I nominal Confident 711 CE 904 CE
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324 Asuka unitary state Confident 538 CE 710 CE
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325 Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama quasi-polity Confident 1568 CE 1603 CE
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326 Heian unitary state Confident 794 CE 1185 CE
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327 Japan - Incipient Jomon quasi-polity Confident 13600 BCE 9200 BCE
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328 Japan - Early Jomon quasi-polity Confident 5300 BCE 3500 BCE
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329 Japan - Middle Jomon quasi-polity Confident 3500 BCE 2500 BCE
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330 Japan - Late Jomon quasi-polity Confident 2500 BCE 1200 BCE
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331 Kamakura Shogunate confederated state Confident 1185 CE 1333 CE
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332 Kansai - Kofun Period quasi-polity Confident 250 CE 537 CE
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333 Nara Kingdom unitary state Confident 710 CE 794 CE
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334 Tokugawa Shogunate confederated state Confident 1603 CE 1868 CE
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335 Kara-Khanids confederated state Confident 950 CE 1212 CE
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336 Western Turk Khaganate loose Confident 582 CE 630 CE
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337 Western Turk Khaganate confederated state Confident 582 CE 630 CE
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338 Late Angkor unitary state Confident 1220 CE 1432 CE
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339 Khmer Kingdom unitary state Confident 1432 CE 1594 CE
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340 Jenne-jeno I quasi-polity Confident 250 BCE 49 CE
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341 Jenne-jeno IV quasi-polity Confident 900 CE 1300 CE
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342 Mali Empire confederated state Confident 1230 CE 1410 CE
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343 Segou Kingdom loose Confident 1650 CE 1712 CE
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344 Khitan I confederated state Confident 907 CE 1125 CE
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345 Late Mongols quasi-polity Confident 1368 CE 1690 CE
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346 Late Mongols nominal Confident 1368 CE 1690 CE
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347 Second Turk Khaganate confederated state Confident 682 CE 744 CE
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348 Uigur Khaganate confederated state Confident 745 CE 840 CE
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349 Xianbei Confederation nominal Confident 100 CE 250 CE
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350 Xianbei Confederation loose Confident 100 CE 250 CE
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351 Xiongnu Imperial Confederation confederated state Confident 209 BCE 60 BCE
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352 Lysimachus Kingdom loose Confident 323 BCE 281 BCE
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353 Later Wagadu Empire unitary state Confident 1078 CE 1203 CE
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354 Middle Wagadu Empire unitary state Confident 700 CE 1077 CE
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355 Monte Alban Late I unitary state Confident 300 BCE 100 BCE
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356 Monte Alban II unitary state Confident 100 BCE 200 CE
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357 Monte Alban III unitary state Confident 200 CE 500 CE
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358 Monte Alban IIIB and IV quasi-polity Confident 500 CE 900 CE
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359 Oaxaca - Rosario quasi-polity Confident 700 BCE 500 BCE
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360 Oaxaca - San Jose quasi-polity Confident 1150 BCE 700 BCE
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361 Oaxaca - Tierras Largas quasi-polity Confident 1400 BCE 1150 BCE
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362 Cuzco - Early Intermediate II quasi-polity Confident 500 CE 649 CE
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363 Cuzco - Late Intermediate I quasi-polity Confident 1000 CE 1250 CE
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364 Cuzco - Late Intermediate II quasi-polity Confident 1250 CE 1400 CE
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365 Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial quasi-polity Confident 1734 CE 1883 CE
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366 Inca Empire unitary state Confident Expert 1375 CE 1532 CE
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367 Indo-Greek Kingdom nominal Confident 180 BCE 10 BCE
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368 Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period loose Confident 1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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369 Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period unitary state Confident 854 CE 1193 CE
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370 Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period loose Confident 854 CE 1193 CE
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371 Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period nominal Confident 854 CE 1193 CE
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372 Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic quasi-polity Confident Expert 5500 BCE 4000 BCE
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373 Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period quasi-polity Confident Expert 3200 BCE 2500 BCE
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374 Kachi Plain - Urban Period I quasi-polity Confident Expert 2500 BCE 2100 BCE
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375 Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period unitary state Confident Expert 1778 CE 1819 CE
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376 Rattanakosin confederated state Confident 1782 CE 1873 CE
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377 Late Cappadocia nominal Confident 330 BCE 16 CE
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378 Late Cappadocia unitary state Confident 330 BCE 16 CE
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379 Late Cappadocia loose Confident 330 BCE 16 CE
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380 Kingdom of Lydia confederated state Confident 670 BCE 546 BCE
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381 Tabal Kingdoms quasi-polity Confident 900 BCE 730 BCE
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382 Early Illinois Confederation quasi-polity Confident 1640 CE 1717 CE
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383 Chagatai Khanate nominal Confident 1263 CE 1402 CE
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384 Khanate of Bukhara nominal Confident 1599 CE 1747 CE
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385 Ancient Khwarazm quasi-polity Confident 1000 BCE 521 BCE
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386 Koktepe II unitary state Confident 750 BCE 550 BCE
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387 Sogdiana - City-States Period quasi-polity Confident 604 CE 711 CE
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388 Timurid Empire unitary state Confident 1370 CE 1526 CE
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389 Timurid Empire confederated state Confident 1370 CE 1526 CE
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390 Himyar II unitary state Confident 378 CE 525 CE
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391 Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty loose Confident 1637 CE 1805 CE
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392 Yemen Ziyad Dynasty loose Confident 822 CE 1037 CE
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393 Early Modern Sierra Leone quasi-polity Confident 1650 CE 1896 CE
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394 Electorate of Bavaria unitary state Confident 1623 CE 1806 CE
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395 Nkore quasi-polity Confident 1450 CE 1749 CE
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396 Kushan Empire confederated state Confident Expert 35 CE 319 CE
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397 Kaabu confederated state Confident Disputed 1500 CE 1867 CE
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398 Kaabu quasi-polity Confident Disputed 1500 CE 1867 CE
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399 Freetown unitary state Confident 1787 CE 1808 CE
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400 Futa Jallon confederated state Confident 1725 CE 1896 CE
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401 Mane confederated state Confident 1550 CE 1650 CE
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402 Middle and Late Nok quasi-polity Confident 1500 BCE 901 BCE
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403 Whydah confederated state Confident 1671 CE 1727 CE
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404 West Burkina Faso Yellow I quasi-polity Confident 100 CE 500 CE
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405 Middle and Late Nok quasi-polity Confident 900 BCE 0 CE
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406 West Burkina Faso Red I quasi-polity Confident 701 CE 1100 CE
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407 Mossi quasi-polity Confident 1100 CE 1897 CE
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408 Sape quasi-polity Confident 1400 CE 1550 CE
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409 West Burkina Faso Yellow II quasi-polity Confident 501 CE 700 CE
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410 Torwa-Rozvi loose Confident 1494 CE 1850 CE
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411 Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì nominal Confident 1043 CE 1911 CE
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412 Holy Roman Empire - Hohenstaufen and Welf Dynasties loose Confident 1126 CE 1254 CE
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413 Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty confederated state Confident 919 CE 1125 CE
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414 Proto-Yoruboid quasi-polity Confident 300 BCE 300 CE
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415 Aro confederated state Confident 1690 CE 1902 CE
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416 Sokoto Caliphate loose Confident 1804 CE 1904 CE
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417 Mutapa loose Confident 1450 CE 1880 CE
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418 Pandya Empire nominal Confident 1216 CE 1323 CE
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419 Polonnaruwa nominal Confident 1070 CE 1255 CE
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420 Dutch Empire loose Confident 1648 CE 1795 CE
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421 Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II unitary state Confident 1776 CE 1917 CE
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422 Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I unitary state Confident 1614 CE 1775 CE
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423 Anurādhapura IV loose Confident 614 CE 1017 CE
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424 Anurādhapura I nominal Confident 300 BCE 70 CE
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425 Kingdom of Jimma unitary state Confident 1790 CE 1932 CE
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426 Adal Sultanate confederated state Confident 1375 CE 1543 CE
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427 Ajuran Sultanate confederated state Confident 1250 CE 1700 CE
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428 Shoa Sultanate confederated state Confident 1108 CE 1285 CE
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429 Late Formative Yoruba quasi-polity Confident 650 CE 1049 CE
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430 Allada loose Confident Disputed 1100 CE 1724 CE
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431 Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́ confederated state Confident 1601 CE 1835 CE
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432 Igala confederated state Confident 1600 CE 1900 CE
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433 Hausa bakwai quasi-polity Confident 900 CE 1808 CE
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434 Foys unitary state Confident 1600 CE 1892 CE
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435 Jolof Empire confederated state Confident 1360 CE 1549 CE
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436 Buganda unitary state Confident 1700 CE 1894 CE
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437 Karagwe unitary state Confident 1500 CE 1916 CE
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438 Burundi loose Confident 1680 CE 1903 CE
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439 Anurādhapura III nominal Confident 428 CE 614 CE
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440 Anurādhapura II nominal Confident 70 CE 428 CE
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441 State of the Teutonic Order unitary state Confident 1300 CE 1400 CE
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442 Kidarite Kingdom confederated state Confident 388 CE 477 CE
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443 Achaemenid Empire confederated state Confident 550 BCE 331 BCE
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444 Seleucids confederated state Confident 312 BCE 63 BCE
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445 La Tene C2-D confederated state Confident 175 BCE 27 BCE
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446 Naqada I unknown Suspected 3800 BCE 3550 BCE
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447 Monte Alban Late I confederated state Confident 300 BCE 100 BCE
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448 Kampili Kingdom nominal Confident 1280 CE 1327 CE
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449 Kalingga Kingdom uncoded Confident 500 CE 732 CE
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450 Magadha - Sunga Empire uncoded Confident 187 BCE 65 BCE
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451 Mongol Empire uncoded Confident 1206 CE 1368 CE
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452 Yemen - Era of Warlords uncoded Confident 1038 CE 1174 CE
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453 Badarian unknown Suspected 4400 BCE 3800 BCE
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454 Anglo-Saxon England I quasi-polity Confident 410 CE 926 CE
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455 Tang Dynasty I unitary state Confident Expert 617 CE 763 CE
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456 Ayyubid Sultanate unitary state Confident Expert 1171 CE 1250 CE
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457 Ayyubid Sultanate loose Confident Expert 1171 CE 1250 CE
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458 Egypt - Middle Kingdom unitary state Confident Expert 2016 BCE 1700 BCE
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459 Egypt - Late Old Kingdom loose Confident Expert 2350 BCE 2150 BCE
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460 Egypt - Late Old Kingdom unitary state Confident Expert 2350 BCE 2150 BCE
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461 Egypt - Period of the Regions nominal Confident Expert 2150 BCE 2016 BCE
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462 Egypt - Period of the Regions unitary state Confident Expert 2150 BCE 2016 BCE
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463 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period nominal Confident Expert 1720 BCE 1567 BCE
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464 New Palace Crete quasi-polity Confident Expert 1700 BCE 1450 BCE
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465 Postpalatial Crete quasi-polity Confident Expert 1300 BCE 1200 BCE
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466 Prepalatial Crete quasi-polity Confident Expert 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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467 Mataram Sultanate loose Confident Expert 1568 CE 1755 CE
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468 Icelandic Commonwealth nominal Confident Expert 930 CE 1262 CE
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469 Papal States - High Medieval Period loose Confident Expert 1198 CE 1309 CE
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470 Papal States - High Medieval Period confederated state Confident Expert 1198 CE 1309 CE
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471 Papal States - High Medieval Period nominal Confident Expert 1198 CE 1309 CE
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472 Papal States - Early Modern Period I unitary state Confident Expert 1527 CE 1648 CE
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473 Papal States - Renaissance Period loose Confident Expert 1378 CE 1527 CE
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474 Roman Empire - Principate unitary state Confident Expert 31 BCE 284 CE
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475 Phoenician Empire quasi-polity Confident Expert 1200 BCE 332 BCE
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476 Early Mongols quasi-polity Confident Expert 1000 CE 1206 CE
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477 Monte Alban V quasi-polity Confident Expert 900 CE 1520 CE
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478 Early Formative Basin of Mexico quasi-polity Confident Expert 1200 BCE 801 BCE
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479 Middle Formative Basin of Mexico quasi-polity Confident Expert 800 BCE 401 BCE
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480 Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic quasi-polity Confident Expert 7500 BCE 5500 BCE
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481 Kachi Plain - Urban Period II quasi-polity Confident Expert 2100 BCE 1800 BCE
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482 Sabaean Commonwealth quasi-polity Confident Expert 800 BCE 451 BCE
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483 Western Jin unitary state Confident 265 CE 317 CE
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484 Jin Dynasty unitary state Confident 1115 CE 1234 CE
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485 Holy Roman Empire - Fragmented Period loose Confident 1255 CE 1453 CE
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486 British Empire I loose Confident 1690 CE 1849 CE
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487 * Norman England confederated state Confident 1066 CE 1153 CE
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488 British Empire IIIIIIIIII loose Confident 1850 CE 1968 CE
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489 Great Ming unitary state Confident 1368 CE 1644 CE
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490 Northern Wei unitary state Confident 386 CE 534 CE
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491 Early Qing unitary state Confident 1644 CE 1796 CE
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492 Late Qing unitary state Confident 1796 CE 1912 CE
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493 Sui Dynasty unitary state Confident 581 CE 618 CE
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494 Western Han Empire unitary state Confident 202 BCE 9 CE
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495 Great Yuan unitary state Confident 1271 CE 1368 CE
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496 Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period unitary state Confident 404 BCE 342 BCE
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497 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I unitary state Confident 1260 CE 1348 CE
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498 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III unitary state Confident 1412 CE 1517 CE
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499 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II unitary state Confident 1348 CE 1412 CE
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