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Section
: Language
Variable:
Polity Language
(All coded records)
{
JSON
}
.
CSV
The language(s) used polity-wide for administration, religion, and military affairs.
Polity
(total: 415)
All
Kingdom of Nyinginya (Early Niynginya) [1650 CE to 1897 CE]
Durrani Empire (af_durrani_emp) [1747 CE to 1826 CE]
Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality) [1025 CE to 1215 CE]
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (af_greco_bactrian_k) [256 BCE to 125 BCE]
Hephthalite Empire (af_hephthalite_emp) [408 CE to 561 CE]
Kidarite Kingdom (af_kidarite_k) [388 CE to 477 CE]
Kushan Empire (af_kushan_emp) [35 CE to 319 CE]
Tocharians (af_tocharian) [129 BCE to 29 CE]
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I (at_habsburg_1) [1454 CE to 1648 CE]
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II (at_habsburg_2) [1649 CE to 1918 CE]
Mossi (bf_mossi_k_1) [1100 CE to 1897 CE]
Burundi (bu_burundi_k) [1680 CE to 1903 CE]
Eastern Han Empire (cn_eastern_han_dyn) [25 CE to 220 CE]
Erligang (cn_erligang) [1650 BCE to 1250 BCE]
Erlitou (cn_erlitou) [1850 BCE to 1600 BCE]
Five Dynasties Period (cn_five_dyn) [906 CE to 970 CE]
Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1) [1701 CE to 1895 CE]
Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2) [1895 CE to 1941 CE]
Jin (cn_jin_spring_and_autumn) [780 BCE to 404 BCE]
Late Shang (cn_late_shang_dyn) [1250 BCE to 1045 BCE]
Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin) [1115 CE to 1234 CE]
Great Ming (cn_ming_dyn) [1368 CE to 1644 CE]
Northern Song (cn_northern_song_dyn) [960 CE to 1127 CE]
Northern Wei (cn_northern_wei_dyn) [386 CE to 534 CE]
Early Qing (cn_qing_dyn_1) [1644 CE to 1796 CE]
Late Qing (cn_qing_dyn_2) [1796 CE to 1912 CE]
Sui Dynasty (cn_sui_dyn) [581 CE to 618 CE]
Tang Dynasty I (cn_tang_dyn_1) [617 CE to 763 CE]
Tang Dynasty II (cn_tang_dyn_2) [763 CE to 907 CE]
Early Wei Dynasty (cn_wei_dyn_warring_states) [445 BCE to 225 BCE]
Wei Kingdom (cn_wei_k) [220 CE to 265 CE]
Western Han Empire (cn_western_han_dyn) [202 BCE to 9 CE]
Western Jin (cn_western_jin_dyn) [265 CE to 317 CE]
Western Zhou (cn_western_zhou_dyn) [1122 BCE to 771 BCE]
Great Yuan (cn_yuan_dyn) [1271 CE to 1368 CE]
Tairona (co_tairona) [1050 CE to 1524 CE]
Kingdom of Bohemia - Přemyslid Dynasty (cz_bohemian_k_1) [1198 CE to 1309 CE]
Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty (cz_bohemian_k_2) [1310 CE to 1526 CE]
Electorate of Bavaria (de_bavaria_1) [1623 CE to 1806 CE]
East Francia (de_east_francia) [842 CE to 919 CE]
Holy Roman Empire - Hohenstaufen Faction (de_empire_2_sub) [1198 CE to 1215 CE]
Holy Roman Empire - Fragmented Period (de_empire_3) [1255 CE to 1453 CE]
Electorate of Brandenburg (de_hohenzollern_1) [1415 CE to 1618 CE]
Germany - Hohenzollern Dynasty (de_hohenzollern_3) [1871 CE to 1918 CE]
Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1) [1534 CE to 1830 CE]
Shuar - Ecuadorian (ec_shuar_2) [1831 CE to 1931 CE]
Ayyubid Sultanate (eg_ayyubid_sultanate) [1171 CE to 1250 CE]
Badarian (eg_badarian) [4400 BCE to 3800 BCE]
Egypt - Dynasty I (eg_dynasty_1) [3100 BCE to 2900 BCE]
Egypt - Dynasty II (eg_dynasty_2) [2900 BCE to 2687 BCE]
Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period (eg_inter_occupation) [404 BCE to 342 BCE]
Egypt - Kushite Period (eg_kushite) [747 BCE to 656 BCE]
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I (eg_mamluk_sultanate_1) [1260 CE to 1348 CE]
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II (eg_mamluk_sultanate_2) [1348 CE to 1412 CE]
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III (eg_mamluk_sultanate_3) [1412 CE to 1517 CE]
Egypt - Middle Kingdom (eg_middle_k) [2016 BCE to 1700 BCE]
Naqada I (eg_naqada_1) [3800 BCE to 3550 BCE]
Naqada II (eg_naqada_2) [3550 BCE to 3300 BCE]
Egypt - Dynasty 0 (eg_naqada_3) [3300 BCE to 3100 BCE]
Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period (eg_new_k_1) [1550 BCE to 1293 BCE]
Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period (eg_new_k_2) [1293 BCE to 1070 BCE]
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom (eg_old_k_1) [2650 BCE to 2350 BCE]
Egypt - Late Old Kingdom (eg_old_k_2) [2350 BCE to 2150 BCE]
Ptolemaic Kingdom I (eg_ptolemaic_k_1) [305 BCE to 217 BCE]
Ptolemaic Kingdom II (eg_ptolemaic_k_2) [217 BCE to 30 BCE]
Egypt - Period of the Regions (eg_regions) [2150 BCE to 2016 BCE]
Egypt - Saite Period (eg_saite) [664 BCE to 525 BCE]
Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period (eg_thebes_hyksos) [1720 BCE to 1567 BCE]
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period (eg_thebes_libyan) [1069 BCE to 747 BCE]
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period (eg_thulunid_ikhshidid) [868 CE to 969 CE]
Medri Bahri (er_medri_bahri) [1310 CE to 1889 CE]
Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1) [1516 CE to 1715 CE]
Spanish Empire II (es_spanish_emp_2) [1716 CE to 1814 CE]
Early Sultanate of Aussa (et_aussa_sultanate) [1734 CE to 1895 CE]
Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate) [1504 CE to 1820 CE]
Kingdom of Gomma (et_gomma_k) [1780 CE to 1886 CE]
Kingdom of Gumma (et_gumma_k) [1800 CE to 1897 CE]
Hadiya Sultanate (et_hadiya_sultanate) [1300 CE to 1680 CE]
Emirate of Harar (et_harar_emirate) [1650 CE to 1875 CE]
Harla Kingdom (et_harla_k) [500 CE to 1500 CE]
Kingdom of Jimma (et_jimma_k) [1790 CE to 1932 CE]
Kingdom of Kaffa (et_kaffa_k) [1390 CE to 1897 CE]
Shoa Sultanate (et_showa_sultanate) [1108 CE to 1285 CE]
Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1) [1775 CE to 1886 CE]
Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2) [1886 CE to 1948 CE]
French Kingdom - Early Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_1) [1589 CE to 1660 CE]
French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2) [1660 CE to 1815 CE]
Proto-French Kingdom (fr_capetian_k_1) [987 CE to 1150 CE]
French Kingdom - Late Capetian (fr_capetian_k_2) [1150 CE to 1328 CE]
Carolingian Empire I (fr_carolingian_emp_1) [752 CE to 840 CE]
Carolingian Empire II (fr_carolingian_emp_2) [840 CE to 987 CE]
Hallstatt A-B1 (fr_hallstatt_a_b1) [1000 BCE to 900 BCE]
La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1) [475 BCE to 325 BCE]
La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1) [325 BCE to 175 BCE]
La Tene C2-D (fr_la_tene_c2_d) [175 BCE to 27 BCE]
Early Merovingian (fr_merovingian_emp_1) [481 CE to 543 CE]
Middle Merovingian (fr_merovingian_emp_2) [543 CE to 687 CE]
Proto-Carolingian (fr_merovingian_emp_3) [687 CE to 751 CE]
French Kingdom - Early Valois (fr_valois_k_1) [1328 CE to 1450 CE]
French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2) [1450 CE to 1589 CE]
British Empire I (gb_british_emp_1) [1690 CE to 1849 CE]
Norman England (gb_england_norman) [1066 CE to 1153 CE]
Akan - Pre-Ashanti (gh_akan) [1501 CE to 1701 CE]
Ashanti Empire (gh_ashanti_emp) [1701 CE to 1895 CE]
Kaabu (gm_kaabu_emp) [1500 CE to 1867 CE]
Archaic Crete (gr_crete_archaic) [710 BCE to 500 BCE]
Classical Crete (gr_crete_classical) [500 BCE to 323 BCE]
The Emirate of Crete (gr_crete_emirate) [824 CE to 961 CE]
Geometric Crete (gr_crete_geometric) [1000 BCE to 710 BCE]
Hellenistic Crete (gr_crete_hellenistic) [323 BCE to 69 BCE]
Monopalatial Crete (gr_crete_mono_palace) [1450 BCE to 1300 BCE]
New Palace Crete (gr_crete_new_palace) [1700 BCE to 1450 BCE]
Postpalatial Crete (gr_crete_post_palace_1) [1300 BCE to 1200 BCE]
Final Postpalatial Crete (gr_crete_post_palace_2) [1200 BCE to 1000 BCE]
Prepalatial Crete (gr_crete_pre_palace) [3000 BCE to 1900 BCE]
Futa Jallon (gu_futa_jallon) [1725 CE to 1896 CE]
Hungary Kingdom - Árpád Dynasty (hu_arpad_dyn) [1000 CE to 1301 CE]
Hungary Kingdom - Anjou and Later Dynasties (hu_later_dyn) [1302 CE to 1526 CE]
Iban - Pre-Brooke (id_iban_1) [1650 CE to 1841 CE]
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial (id_iban_2) [1841 CE to 1987 CE]
Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k) [500 CE to 732 CE]
Kediri Kingdom (id_kediri_k) [1049 CE to 1222 CE]
Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k) [1292 CE to 1518 CE]
Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k) [1568 CE to 1755 CE]
Medang Kingdom (id_medang_k) [732 CE to 1019 CE]
Canaan (il_canaan) [2000 BCE to 1175 BCE]
Yehuda (il_judea) [141 BCE to 63 BCE]
Yisrael (il_yisrael) [1030 BCE to 722 BCE]
Early A'chik (in_achik_1) [1775 CE to 1867 CE]
Late A'chik (in_achik_2) [1867 CE to 1956 CE]
Kingdom of Ayodhya (in_ayodhya_k) [64 BCE to 34 CE]
Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp) [543 CE to 753 CE]
Carnatic Sultanate (in_carnatic_sul) [1710 CE to 1801 CE]
Chola Empire (in_chola_emp) [849 CE to 1280 CE]
Early Cholas (in_cholas_1) [300 BCE to 300 CE]
Delhi Sultanate (in_delhi_sultanate) [1206 CE to 1526 CE]
Gahadavala Dynasty (in_gahadavala_dyn) [1085 CE to 1193 CE]
Gupta Empire (in_gupta_emp) [320 CE to 550 CE]
Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty (in_gurjara_pratihara_dyn) [730 CE to 1030 CE]
Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k) [1108 CE to 1346 CE]
Kadamba Empire (in_kadamba_emp) [345 CE to 550 CE]
Kalabhra Dynasty (in_kalabhra_dyn) [200 CE to 600 CE]
Chalukyas of Kalyani (in_kalyani_chalukya_emp) [973 CE to 1189 CE]
Kampili Kingdom (in_kampili_k) [1280 CE to 1327 CE]
Kannauj - Varman Dynasty (in_kannauj_varman_dyn) [650 CE to 780 CE]
Nayaks of Madurai (in_madurai_nayaks) [1529 CE to 1736 CE]
Magadha - Maurya Empire (in_mauryan_emp) [324 BCE to 187 BCE]
Mughal Empire (in_mughal_emp) [1526 CE to 1858 CE]
Late Pallava Empire (in_pallava_emp_2) [300 CE to 890 CE]
Early Pandyas (in_pandya_emp_1) [300 BCE to 300 CE]
Pandya Dynasty (in_pandya_emp_2) [590 CE to 915 CE]
Pandya Empire (in_pandya_emp_3) [1216 CE to 1323 CE]
Rashtrakuta Empire (in_rashtrakuta_emp) [753 CE to 973 CE]
Satavahana Empire (in_satavahana_emp) [100 BCE to 200 CE]
Magadha - Sunga Empire (in_sunga_emp) [187 BCE to 65 BCE]
Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom (in_thanjavur_maratha_k) [1675 CE to 1799 CE]
Nayaks of Thanjavur (in_thanjavur_nayaks) [1532 CE to 1676 CE]
Vakataka Kingdom (in_vakataka_k) [255 CE to 550 CE]
Vijayanagara Empire (in_vijayanagara_emp) [1336 CE to 1646 CE]
Abbasid Caliphate I (iq_abbasid_cal_1) [750 CE to 946 CE]
Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2) [1191 CE to 1258 CE]
Akkadian Empire (iq_akkad_emp) [2270 BCE to 2083 BCE]
Amorite Babylonia (iq_babylonia_1) [2000 BCE to 1600 BCE]
Bazi Dynasty (iq_bazi_dyn) [1005 BCE to 986 BCE]
Dynasty of E (iq_dynasty_e) [979 BCE to 732 BCE]
Early Dynastic (iq_early_dynastic) [2900 BCE to 2500 BCE]
Second Dynasty of Isin (iq_isin_dynasty2) [1153 BCE to 1027 BCE]
Isin-Larsa (iq_isin_larsa) [2004 BCE to 1763 BCE]
Neo-Assyrian Empire (iq_neo_assyrian_emp) [911 BCE to 612 BCE]
Parthian Empire II (iq_parthian_emp_2) [41 CE to 226 CE]
Ubaid (iq_ubaid) [5500 BCE to 4000 BCE]
Ur - Dynasty III (iq_ur_dyn_3) [2112 BCE to 2004 BCE]
Uruk (iq_uruk) [4000 BCE to 2900 BCE]
Achaemenid Empire (ir_achaemenid_emp) [550 BCE to 331 BCE]
Ak Koyunlu (ir_ak_koyunlu) [1339 CE to 1501 CE]
Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation) [932 CE to 1062 CE]
Elam - Awan Dynasty I (ir_elam_1) [2675 BCE to 2100 BCE]
Elam - Shimashki Period (ir_elam_2) [2028 BCE to 1940 BCE]
Elam - Early Sukkalmah (ir_elam_3) [1900 BCE to 1701 BCE]
Elam - Kidinuid Period (ir_elam_5) [1500 BCE to 1400 BCE]
Elam - Igihalkid Period (ir_elam_6) [1399 BCE to 1200 BCE]
Elam - Shutrukid Period (ir_elam_7) [1199 BCE to 1100 BCE]
Elymais II (ir_elymais_2) [25 CE to 215 CE]
Ilkhanate (ir_il_khanate) [1256 CE to 1339 CE]
Elam II (ir_neo_elam_2) [743 BCE to 647 BCE]
Elam III (ir_neo_elam_3) [612 BCE to 539 BCE]
Parthian Empire I (ir_parthian_emp_1) [247 BCE to 40 CE]
Qajar Dynasty (ir_qajar_dyn) [1794 CE to 1925 CE]
Safavid Empire (ir_safavid_emp) [1501 CE to 1722 CE]
Sasanid Empire I (ir_sassanid_emp_1) [205 CE to 487 CE]
Sasanid Empire II (ir_sassanid_emp_2) [488 CE to 642 CE]
Seleucid Empire (ir_seleucid_emp) [312 BCE to 63 BCE]
Seljuk Sultanate (ir_seljuk_sultanate) [1037 CE to 1157 CE]
Susa II (ir_susa_2) [3800 BCE to 3100 BCE]
Susa III (ir_susa_3) [3100 BCE to 2675 BCE]
Icelandic Commonwealth (is_icelandic_commonwealth) [930 CE to 1262 CE]
Italian Kingdom Late Antiquity (it_italy_k) [476 CE to 489 CE]
Latium - Bronze Age (it_latium_ba) [1800 BCE to 900 BCE]
Latium - Iron Age (it_latium_ia) [1000 BCE to 580 BCE]
Ostrogothic Kingdom (it_ostrogoth_k) [489 CE to 554 CE]
Papal States - High Medieval Period (it_papal_state_1) [1198 CE to 1309 CE]
Papal States - Renaissance Period (it_papal_state_2) [1378 CE to 1527 CE]
Papal States - Early Modern Period I (it_papal_state_3) [1527 CE to 1648 CE]
Papal States - Early Modern Period II (it_papal_state_4) [1648 CE to 1809 CE]
Exarchate of Ravenna (it_ravenna_exarchate) [568 CE to 751 CE]
Roman Kingdom (it_roman_k) [716 BCE to 509 BCE]
Roman Empire - Principate (it_roman_principate) [31 BCE to 284 CE]
Early Roman Republic (it_roman_rep_1) [509 BCE to 264 BCE]
Middle Roman Republic (it_roman_rep_2) [264 BCE to 133 BCE]
Late Roman Republic (it_roman_rep_3) [133 BCE to 31 BCE]
Republic of St Peter I (it_st_peter_rep_1) [752 CE to 904 CE]
Rome - Republic of St Peter II (it_st_peter_rep_2) [904 CE to 1198 CE]
Republic of Venice III (it_venetian_rep_3) [1204 CE to 1563 CE]
Republic of Venice IV (it_venetian_rep_4) [1564 CE to 1797 CE]
Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity (it_western_roman_emp) [395 CE to 476 CE]
Ashikaga Shogunate (jp_ashikaga) [1336 CE to 1467 CE]
Asuka (jp_asuka) [538 CE to 710 CE]
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama (jp_azuchi_momoyama) [1568 CE to 1603 CE]
Heian (jp_heian) [794 CE to 1185 CE]
Japan - Incipient Jomon (jp_jomon_1) [13600 BCE to 9200 BCE]
Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2) [9200 BCE to 5300 BCE]
Japan - Early Jomon (jp_jomon_3) [5300 BCE to 3500 BCE]
Japan - Middle Jomon (jp_jomon_4) [3500 BCE to 2500 BCE]
Japan - Late Jomon (jp_jomon_5) [2500 BCE to 1200 BCE]
Japan - Final Jomon (jp_jomon_6) [1200 BCE to 300 BCE]
Kamakura Shogunate (jp_kamakura) [1185 CE to 1333 CE]
Kansai - Kofun Period (jp_kofun) [250 CE to 537 CE]
Nara Kingdom (jp_nara) [710 CE to 794 CE]
Warring States Japan (jp_sengoku_jidai) [1467 CE to 1568 CE]
Tokugawa Shogunate (jp_tokugawa_shogunate) [1603 CE to 1868 CE]
Kansai - Yayoi Period (jp_yayoi) [300 BCE to 250 CE]
Kara-Khanids (kg_kara_khanid_dyn) [950 CE to 1212 CE]
Western Turk Khaganate (kg_western_turk_khaganate) [582 CE to 630 CE]
Early Angkor (kh_angkor_1) [802 CE to 1100 CE]
Classical Angkor (kh_angkor_2) [1100 CE to 1220 CE]
Late Angkor (kh_angkor_3) [1220 CE to 1432 CE]
Chenla (kh_chenla) [550 CE to 825 CE]
Funan I (kh_funan_1) [225 CE to 540 CE]
Funan II (kh_funan_2) [540 CE to 640 CE]
Khmer Kingdom (kh_khmer_k) [1432 CE to 1594 CE]
Phoenician Empire (lb_phoenician_emp) [1200 BCE to 332 BCE]
Saadi Sultanate (ma_saadi_sultanate) [1554 CE to 1659 CE]
Bamana kingdom (ml_bamana_k) [1712 CE to 1861 CE]
Jenne-jeno I (ml_jenne_jeno_1) [250 BCE to 49 CE]
Mali Empire (ml_mali_emp) [1230 CE to 1410 CE]
Segou Kingdom (ml_segou_k) [1650 CE to 1712 CE]
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty (ml_songhai_2) [1493 CE to 1591 CE]
Early Xiongnu (mn_hunnu_early) [1400 BCE to 300 BCE]
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation (mn_hunnu_emp) [209 BCE to 60 BCE]
Late Xiongnu (mn_hunnu_late) [60 BCE to 100 CE]
Khitan I (mn_khitan_1) [907 CE to 1125 CE]
Early Mongols (mn_mongol_early) [1000 CE to 1206 CE]
Mongol Empire (mn_mongol_emp) [1206 CE to 1270 CE]
Late Mongols (mn_mongol_late) [1368 CE to 1690 CE]
Rouran Khaganate (mn_rouran_khaganate) [300 CE to 555 CE]
Shiwei (mn_shiwei) [600 CE to 1000 CE]
Eastern Turk Khaganate (mn_turk_khaganate_1) [583 CE to 630 CE]
Second Turk Khaganate (mn_turk_khaganate_2) [682 CE to 744 CE]
Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate) [745 CE to 840 CE]
Xianbei Confederation (mn_xianbei) [100 CE to 250 CE]
Zungharian Empire (mn_zungharian_emp) [1670 CE to 1757 CE]
Middle Wagadu Empire (mr_wagadu_2) [700 CE to 1077 CE]
Later Wagadu Empire (mr_wagadu_3) [1078 CE to 1203 CE]
Late Formative Basin of Mexico (mx_basin_of_mexico_5) [400 BCE to 101 BCE]
Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico (mx_basin_of_mexico_6) [100 BCE to 99 CE]
Early Monte Alban I (mx_monte_alban_1_early) [500 BCE to 300 BCE]
Monte Alban Late I (mx_monte_alban_1_late) [300 BCE to 100 BCE]
Monte Alban II (mx_monte_alban_2) [100 BCE to 200 CE]
Monte Alban III (mx_monte_alban_3_a) [200 CE to 500 CE]
Monte Alban IIIB and IV (mx_monte_alban_3_b_4) [500 CE to 900 CE]
Monte Alban V (mx_monte_alban_5) [900 CE to 1520 CE]
Oaxaca - Rosario (mx_rosario) [700 BCE to 500 BCE]
Oaxaca - San Jose (mx_san_jose) [1150 BCE to 700 BCE]
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas (mx_tierras_largas) [1400 BCE to 1150 BCE]
Allada (ni_allada_k) [1100 CE to 1724 CE]
Aro (ni_aro) [1690 CE to 1902 CE]
Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp) [1140 CE to 1897 CE]
Kanem-Borno (ni_bornu_emp) [1380 CE to 1893 CE]
Foys (ni_dahomey_k) [1715 CE to 1894 CE]
Late Formative Yoruba (ni_formative_yoruba) [650 CE to 1049 CE]
Hausa bakwai (ni_hausa_k) [900 CE to 1808 CE]
Igala (ni_igala_k) [1600 CE to 1900 CE]
Kwararafa (ni_kwararafa) [596 CE to 1820 CE]
Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì (ni_nri_k) [1043 CE to 1911 CE]
Oyo (ni_oyo_emp_1) [1300 CE to 1535 CE]
Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́ (ni_oyo_emp_2) [1601 CE to 1835 CE]
Proto-Yoruba (ni_proto_yoruba) [301 CE to 649 CE]
Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid) [300 BCE to 300 CE]
Sokoto Caliphate (ni_sokoto_cal) [1804 CE to 1904 CE]
Whydah (ni_whydah_k) [1671 CE to 1727 CE]
Wukari Federation (ni_wukari_fed) [1820 CE to 1899 CE]
Classical Ife (ni_yoruba_classic) [1000 CE to 1400 CE]
Dutch Empire (nl_dutch_emp_1) [1648 CE to 1795 CE]
Kingdom of Norway II (no_norway_k_2) [1262 CE to 1396 CE]
Cuzco - Late Formative (pe_cuzco_1) [500 BCE to 200 CE]
Cuzco - Early Intermediate I (pe_cuzco_2) [200 CE to 499 CE]
Cuzco - Early Intermediate II (pe_cuzco_3) [500 CE to 649 CE]
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I (pe_cuzco_5) [1000 CE to 1250 CE]
Cuzco - Late Intermediate II (pe_cuzco_6) [1250 CE to 1400 CE]
Inca Empire (pe_inca_emp) [1375 CE to 1532 CE]
Wari Empire (pe_wari_emp) [650 CE to 999 CE]
Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial) [1884 CE to 1942 CE]
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial) [1734 CE to 1883 CE]
Indo-Greek Kingdom (pk_indo_greek_k) [180 BCE to 10 BCE]
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca) [4000 BCE to 3200 BCE]
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic (pk_kachi_enl) [7500 BCE to 5500 BCE]
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic (pk_kachi_lnl) [5500 BCE to 4000 BCE]
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban) [1800 BCE to 1300 BCE]
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period (pk_kachi_pre_urban) [3200 BCE to 2500 BCE]
Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period (pk_kachi_proto_historic) [1300 BCE to 500 BCE]
Kachi Plain - Urban Period I (pk_kachi_urban_1) [2500 BCE to 2100 BCE]
Kachi Plain - Urban Period II (pk_kachi_urban_2) [2100 BCE to 1800 BCE]
Sind - Samma Dynasty (pk_samma_dyn) [1335 CE to 1521 CE]
Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period (pk_sind_abbasid_fatimid) [854 CE to 1193 CE]
State of the Teutonic Order (pl_teutonic_order) [1300 CE to 1400 CE]
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I (ru_romanov_dyn_1) [1614 CE to 1775 CE]
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II (ru_romanov_dyn_2) [1776 CE to 1917 CE]
Sakha - Early (ru_sakha_early) [1400 CE to 1632 CE]
Sakha - Late (ru_sakha_late) [1632 CE to 1900 CE]
Soviet Union (ru_soviet_union) [1918 CE to 1991 CE]
Kingdom of Baol (se_baol_k) [1550 CE to 1890 CE]
Kingdom of Cayor (se_cayor_k) [1549 CE to 1864 CE]
Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate) [1776 CE to 1860 CE]
Denyanke Kingdom (se_great_fulo_emp) [1490 CE to 1776 CE]
Jolof Empire (se_jolof_emp) [1360 CE to 1549 CE]
Kingdom of Jolof (se_jolof_k) [1549 CE to 1865 CE]
Kingdom of Saloum (se_saloum_k) [1490 CE to 1863 CE]
Kingdom of Sine (se_sine_k) [1350 CE to 1887 CE]
Kingdom of Waalo (se_waalo_k) [1287 CE to 1855 CE]
Early Modern Sierra Leone (si_early_modern_interior) [1650 CE to 1896 CE]
Freetown (si_freetown_1) [1787 CE to 1808 CE]
Pre-Sape Sierra Leone (si_pre_sape) [600 CE to 1400 CE]
Sape (si_sape) [1400 CE to 1550 CE]
Anurādhapura I (sl_anuradhapura_1) [300 BCE to 70 CE]
Anurādhapura II (sl_anuradhapura_2) [70 CE to 428 CE]
Anurādhapura III (sl_anuradhapura_3) [428 CE to 614 CE]
Anurādhapura IV (sl_anuradhapura_4) [614 CE to 1017 CE]
Dambadaneiya (sl_dambadeniya) [1232 CE to 1293 CE]
Jaffna (sl_jaffa_k) [1310 CE to 1591 CE]
Polonnaruwa (sl_polonnaruva) [1070 CE to 1255 CE]
Adal Sultanate (so_adal_sultanate) [1375 CE to 1543 CE]
Ajuran Sultanate (so_ajuran_sultanate) [1250 CE to 1700 CE]
Sultanate of Geledi (so_geledi_sultanate) [1750 CE to 1911 CE]
Habr Yunis (so_habr_yunis) [1300 CE to 1886 CE]
Ifat Sultanate (so_ifat_sultanate) [1280 CE to 1375 CE]
Isaaq Sultanate (so_isaaq_sultanate) [1300 CE to 1886 CE]
Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate) [1750 CE to 1926 CE]
Tunni Sultanate (so_tunni_sultanate) [800 CE to 1200 CE]
Umayyad Caliphate (sy_umayyad_cal) [661 CE to 750 CE]
Ayutthaya (th_ayutthaya) [1593 CE to 1767 CE]
Rattanakosin (th_rattanakosin) [1782 CE to 1873 CE]
Fatimid Caliphate (tn_fatimid_cal) [909 CE to 1171 CE]
Byzantine Empire I (tr_byzantine_emp_1) [632 CE to 866 CE]
Byzantine Empire II (tr_byzantine_emp_2) [867 CE to 1072 CE]
Byzantine Empire III (tr_byzantine_emp_3) [1073 CE to 1204 CE]
Late Cappadocia (tr_cappadocia_2) [330 BCE to 16 CE]
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia (tr_central_anatolia_mba) [2000 BCE to 1700 BCE]
East Roman Empire (tr_east_roman_emp) [395 CE to 631 CE]
Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k) [1400 BCE to 1180 BCE]
Hatti - Old Kingdom (tr_hatti_old_k) [1650 BCE to 1500 BCE]
Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age (tr_konya_eba) [3000 BCE to 2000 BCE]
Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic (tr_konya_eca) [6000 BCE to 5500 BCE]
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II (tr_konya_lba) [1500 BCE to 1400 BCE]
Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic (tr_konya_lca) [5500 BCE to 3000 BCE]
Konya Plain - Late Neolithic (tr_konya_lnl) [6600 BCE to 6000 BCE]
Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic (tr_konya_mnl) [7000 BCE to 6600 BCE]
Kingdom of Lydia (tr_lydia_k) [670 BCE to 546 BCE]
Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k) [323 BCE to 281 BCE]
Neo-Hittite Kingdoms (tr_neo_hittite_k) [1180 BCE to 900 BCE]
Ottoman Emirate (tr_ottoman_emirate) [1299 CE to 1402 CE]
Ottoman Empire I (tr_ottoman_emp_1) [1402 CE to 1517 CE]
Ottoman Empire II (tr_ottoman_emp_2) [1517 CE to 1683 CE]
Ottoman Empire III (tr_ottoman_emp_3) [1683 CE to 1839 CE]
Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k) [900 BCE to 695 BCE]
Roman Empire - Dominate (tr_roman_dominate) [285 CE to 394 CE]
Rum Sultanate (tr_rum_sultanate) [1077 CE to 1307 CE]
Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k) [900 BCE to 730 BCE]
Buhaya (tz_buhayo_k) [1700 CE to 1890 CE]
Karagwe (tz_karagwe_k) [1500 CE to 1916 CE]
Fipa (tz_milansi_k) [1600 CE to 1890 CE]
Buganda I (ug_buganda_k_1) [1408 CE to 1716 CE]
Buganda II (ug_buganda_k_2) [1717 CE to 1894 CE]
Nkore (ug_nkore_k_1) [1450 CE to 1749 CE]
Nkore (ug_nkore_k_2) [1750 CE to 1901 CE]
Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling (us_cahokia_1) [1050 CE to 1199 CE]
Cahokia - Moorehead (us_cahokia_2) [1200 CE to 1275 CE]
Cahokia - Sand Prairie (us_cahokia_3) [1275 CE to 1400 CE]
Early Illinois Confederation (us_early_illinois_confederation) [1640 CE to 1717 CE]
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II (us_emergent_mississippian_2) [900 CE to 1049 CE]
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early (us_haudenosaunee_1) [1566 CE to 1713 CE]
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late (us_haudenosaunee_2) [1714 CE to 1848 CE]
Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1) [1000 CE to 1200 CE]
Hawaii II (us_hawaii_2) [1200 CE to 1580 CE]
Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3) [1580 CE to 1778 CE]
Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period (us_kamehameha_k) [1778 CE to 1819 CE]
Chagatai Khanate (uz_chagatai_khanate) [1227 CE to 1402 CE]
Khanate of Bukhara (uz_janid_dyn) [1599 CE to 1747 CE]
Ancient Khwarazm (uz_khwarasm_1) [1000 BCE to 521 BCE]
Koktepe II (uz_koktepe_2) [750 BCE to 550 BCE]
Samanid Empire (uz_samanid_emp) [819 CE to 999 CE]
Sogdiana - City-States Period (uz_sogdiana_city_states) [604 CE to 711 CE]
Timurid Empire (uz_timurid_emp) [1370 CE to 1526 CE]
Himyar I (ye_himyar_1) [270 CE to 340 CE]
Himyar II (ye_himyar_2) [378 CE to 525 CE]
Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty (ye_qasimid_dyn) [1637 CE to 1805 CE]
Qatabanian Commonwealth (ye_qatabanian_commonwealth) [450 BCE to 111 BCE]
Rasulid Dynasty (ye_rasulid_dyn) [1229 CE to 1453 CE]
Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (ye_saba_k) [110 BCE to 149 CE]
Sabaean Commonwealth (ye_sabaean_commonwealth) [800 BCE to 451 BCE]
Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty (ye_tahirid_dyn) [1454 CE to 1517 CE]
Yemen - Era of Warlords (ye_warlords) [1038 CE to 1174 CE]
Yemen Ziyadid Dynasty (ye_ziyad_dyn) [822 CE to 1037 CE]
Great Zimbabwe (zi_great_zimbabwe) [1270 CE to 1550 CE]
Mutapa (zi_mutapa) [1450 CE to 1880 CE]
Torwa-Rozvi (zi_torwa_rozvi) [1494 CE to 1850 CE]
Start Year
End Year
Apply Filters
630
Polity Language
Records
Polity
Coded Value /
Tags
Year(s)
Edit
Spanish Empire II
Spanish
1716
CE
1814
CE
Loading...
Yemen Ziyadid Dynasty
Arabic
822
CE
1037
CE
Loading...
Five Dynasties Period
Chinese
906
CE
970
CE
Loading...
British Empire I
English
1690
CE
1849
CE
Loading...
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I
German
1454
CE
1648
CE
Loading...
Carolingian Empire II
Latin
840
CE
987
CE
Loading...
Gahadavala Dynasty
Sanskrit
1085
CE
1193
CE
Loading...
Italian Kingdom Late Antiquity
Latin
476
CE
489
CE
Loading...
Carolingian Empire I
Latin
752
CE
840
CE
Loading...
Uruk
unknown
Suspected
4000
BCE
2900
BCE
Loading...
Jenne-jeno I
unknown
Suspected
250
BCE
49
CE
Loading...
Cuzco - Early Intermediate I
unknown
Suspected
200
CE
499
CE
Loading...
Cuzco - Early Intermediate II
unknown
Suspected
500
CE
649
CE
Loading...
Cuzco - Late Formative
unknown
Suspected
500
BCE
200
CE
Loading...
Wari Empire
unknown
Suspected
650
CE
999
CE
Loading...
Naqada II
unknown
Suspected
3550
BCE
3300
BCE
Loading...
Japan - Initial Jomon
uncoded
Undecided
9200
BCE
5300
BCE
Loading...
Himyar I
Sabaic
270
CE
340
CE
Loading...
Rasulid Dynasty
Arabic
1229
CE
1453
CE
Loading...
Kannauj - Varman Dynasty
Sanskrit
650
CE
780
CE
Loading...
Norman England
Latin
1066
CE
1153
CE
Loading...
Himyar II
Sabaic
378
CE
525
CE
Loading...
Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty
Sanskrit
730
CE
1030
CE
Loading...
Kingdom of Ayodhya
Sanskrit
64
BCE
34
CE
Loading...
Norman England
Anglo-Norman
1066
CE
1153
CE
Loading...
Yemen - Era of Warlords
Arabic
1038
CE
1174
CE
Loading...
Norman England
Old English
1066
CE
1153
CE
Loading...
Shiwei
Khitan
600
CE
1000
CE
Loading...
Wei Kingdom
Chinese
220
CE
265
CE
Loading...
Oaxaca - San Jose
uncoded
Undecided
1150
BCE
700
BCE
Loading...
Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty
Czech
1310
CE
1526
CE
Loading...
Western Zhou
Chinese
1122
BCE
771
BCE
Loading...
Second Dynasty of Isin
Akkadian
1153
BCE
1027
BCE
Loading...
Majapahit Kingdom
Middle Javanese
1292
CE
1518
CE
Loading...
Chalukyas of Badami
Sanskrit
543
CE
753
CE
Loading...
Chalukyas of Badami
Kannada
543
CE
753
CE
Loading...
Kampili Kingdom
Kannada
1280
CE
1327
CE
Loading...
Kampili Kingdom
Sanskrit
1280
CE
1327
CE
Loading...
Latium - Bronze Age
Latin
1800
BCE
900
BCE
Loading...
Latium - Iron Age
Latin
1000
BCE
580
BCE
Loading...
Kingdom of Bohemia - Přemyslid Dynasty
Czech
1198
CE
1309
CE
Loading...
Egypt - Kushite Period
Merotic
747
BCE
656
BCE
Loading...
Rattanakosin
Thai
1782
CE
1873
CE
Loading...
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II
Nesite
1500
BCE
1400
BCE
Loading...
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
Bactrian
256
BCE
125
BCE
Loading...
Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
uncoded
Undecided
7000
BCE
6600
BCE
Loading...
French Kingdom - Late Capetian
French
1150
CE
1328
CE
Loading...
Kansai - Yayoi Period
Japanese
300
BCE
250
CE
Loading...
Tocharians
Tocharian
129
BCE
29
CE
Loading...
Electorate of Brandenburg
German
1415
CE
1618
CE
Loading...
Erlitou
archaic Chinese
1850
BCE
1600
BCE
Loading...
Northern Wei
Xianbei
386
CE
534
CE
Loading...
Early Qing
Chinese
1644
CE
1796
CE
Loading...
Late Qing
Chinese
1796
CE
1912
CE
Loading...
State of the Teutonic Order
German
1300
CE
1400
CE
Loading...
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III
Arabic
1412
CE
1517
CE
Loading...
French Kingdom - Early Bourbon
French
1589
CE
1660
CE
Loading...
Ur - Dynasty III
Akkadian
2112
BCE
2004
BCE
Loading...
Ashanti Empire
Akan
1701
CE
1895
CE
Loading...
Vijayanagara Empire
Telugu
1336
CE
1646
CE
Loading...
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II
German
1649
CE
1918
CE
Loading...
Holy Roman Empire - Hohenstaufen Faction
German
1198
CE
1215
CE
Loading...
East Francia
German
842
CE
919
CE
Loading...
Ashanti Empire
Twi
1701
CE
1895
CE
Loading...
Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period
Late Egyptian
Expert
1550
BCE
1293
BCE
Loading...
Rome - Republic of St Peter II
Latin
904
CE
1198
CE
Loading...
Monte Alban IIIB and IV
Zapotec
500
CE
900
CE
Loading...
Electorate of Bavaria
German
1623
CE
1806
CE
Loading...
Ptolemaic Kingdom I
Greek
Expert
305
BCE
217
BCE
Loading...
Pre-Sape Sierra Leone
Bullom
600
CE
1400
CE
Loading...
Germany - Hohenzollern Dynasty
German
1871
CE
1918
CE
Loading...
Ptolemaic Kingdom I
demotic Egyptian
Expert
305
BCE
217
BCE
Loading...
The Emirate of Crete
Greek
824
CE
961
CE
Loading...
The Emirate of Crete
Arabic
824
CE
961
CE
Loading...
Monopalatial Crete
Minoan
1450
BCE
1300
BCE
Loading...
Ostrogothic Kingdom
Latin
489
CE
554
CE
Loading...
Holy Roman Empire - Fragmented Period
German
1255
CE
1453
CE
Loading...
Monopalatial Crete
Early Greek
1450
BCE
1300
BCE
Loading...
Iban - Pre-Brooke
Iban
1650
CE
1841
CE
Loading...
Asuka
Old Japanese
538
CE
710
CE
Loading...
Hungary Kingdom - Anjou and Later Dynasties
Hungarian
1302
CE
1526
CE
Loading...
Pre-Sape Sierra Leone
Vai
600
CE
1400
CE
Loading...
Vijayanagara Empire
Tamil
1336
CE
1646
CE
Loading...
Saadi Sultanate
Spanish
1554
CE
1659
CE
Loading...
Hungary Kingdom - Árpád Dynasty
Hungarian
1000
CE
1301
CE
Loading...
Early Mongols
Kereid
Expert
1000
CE
1206
CE
Loading...
Delhi Sultanate
Urdu
1206
CE
1526
CE
Loading...
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I
Aymara
1000
CE
1250
CE
Loading...
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I
Puquina
1000
CE
1250
CE
Loading...
Cuzco - Late Intermediate II
Aymara
1250
CE
1400
CE
Loading...
Indo-Greek Kingdom
Prakrit
180
BCE
10
BCE
Loading...
Mongol Empire
Georgian
1206
CE
1270
CE
Loading...
Hatti - New Kingdom
Nesite
1400
BCE
1180
BCE
Loading...
Mongol Empire
Armenian
1206
CE
1270
CE
Loading...
Rouran Khaganate
Rouran
300
CE
555
CE
Loading...
Vijayanagara Empire
Kannada
1336
CE
1646
CE
Loading...
Sogdiana - City-States Period
Sogdian
604
CE
711
CE
Loading...
Pre-Sape Sierra Leone
Kissi
600
CE
1400
CE
Loading...
Pre-Sape Sierra Leone
Krim
600
CE
1400
CE
Loading...
Sape
Bullom
1400
CE
1550
CE
Loading...
Ajuran Sultanate
Arabic
1250
CE
1700
CE
Loading...
Soviet Union
Russian
1918
CE
1991
CE
Loading...
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II
Russian
1776
CE
1917
CE
Loading...
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I
Russian
1614
CE
1775
CE
Loading...
Kanem-Borno
Kanuri
1380
CE
1893
CE
Loading...
Kanem-Borno
Kanembu
1380
CE
1893
CE
Loading...
Magadha - Maurya Empire
Sanskrit
324
BCE
187
BCE
Loading...
Tang Dynasty I
Chinese
Expert
617
CE
763
CE
Loading...
Hellenistic Crete
Greek
323
BCE
69
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom
Ancient Egyptian
Expert
2650
BCE
2350
BCE
Loading...
Ptolemaic Kingdom II
Greek
Expert
217
BCE
30
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period
Ancient Egyptian
Expert
1720
BCE
1567
BCE
Loading...
Canaan
Canaanite
Expert
2000
BCE
1175
BCE
Loading...
Kingdom of Norway II
Icelandic
Expert
1262
CE
1396
CE
Loading...
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period
unknown
Expert
3200
BCE
2500
BCE
Loading...
Kidarite Kingdom
Pahlavi
388
CE
477
CE
Loading...
Kidarite Kingdom
Brahmi
388
CE
477
CE
Loading...
Kushan Empire
Kharoshthi
Expert
35
CE
319
CE
Loading...
Tocharians
Bactrian
129
BCE
29
CE
Loading...
Mughal Empire
Urdu
1526
CE
1858
CE
Loading...
Japan - Middle Jomon
uncoded
Undecided
3500
BCE
2500
BCE
Loading...
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period
uncoded
Undecided
1800
BCE
1300
BCE
Loading...
Japan - Late Jomon
uncoded
Undecided
2500
BCE
1200
BCE
Loading...
Japan - Final Jomon
uncoded
Undecided
1200
BCE
300
BCE
Loading...
Oaxaca - Rosario
uncoded
Undecided
700
BCE
500
BCE
Loading...
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II
uncoded
Undecided
Expert
900
CE
1049
CE
Loading...
Cahokia - Sand Prairie
uncoded
Undecided
Expert
1275
CE
1400
CE
Loading...
Xianbei Confederation
Xianbei
100
CE
250
CE
Loading...
Khmer Kingdom
Mon
1432
CE
1594
CE
Loading...
Egypt - Dynasty I
unknown
Suspected
3100
BCE
2900
BCE
Loading...
Naqada I
unknown
Suspected
3800
BCE
3550
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - Dynasty II
uncoded
Undecided
2900
BCE
2687
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - Dynasty 0
unknown
Suspected
3300
BCE
3100
BCE
Loading...
Hmong - Late Qing
Hmong-Mien
1701
CE
1895
CE
Loading...
Egypt - Saite Period
Demotic
664
BCE
525
BCE
Loading...
Hmong - Late Qing
Hmongic
1701
CE
1895
CE
Loading...
Hmong - Late Qing
Chuanqiandian
1701
CE
1895
CE
Loading...
Northern Wei
Chinese
386
CE
534
CE
Loading...
Early Qing
Manchu language
1644
CE
1796
CE
Loading...
Late Qing
Manchu language
1796
CE
1912
CE
Loading...
Kachi Plain - Urban Period II
unknown
Expert
2100
BCE
1800
BCE
Loading...
Cahokia - Moorehead
uncoded
Undecided
Expert
1200
CE
1275
CE
Loading...
Badarian
unknown
Suspected
4400
BCE
3800
BCE
Loading...
Buhaya
Haya
1700
CE
1890
CE
Loading...
Karagwe
Kinyambo
1500
CE
1916
CE
Loading...
Jin Dynasty
Khitan
1115
CE
1234
CE
Loading...
Ancient Khwarazm
Sogdian
1000
BCE
521
BCE
Loading...
Eastern Han Empire
Chinese
25
CE
220
CE
Loading...
Western Jin
Chinese
265
CE
317
CE
Loading...
Jin
Chinese
780
BCE
404
BCE
Loading...
Jin Dynasty
Middle Chinese
1115
CE
1234
CE
Loading...
Jin Dynasty
Jurchen
1115
CE
1234
CE
Loading...
Great Ming
Chinese
1368
CE
1644
CE
Loading...
Northern Song
Chinese
960
CE
1127
CE
Loading...
Late Shang
Chinese
1250
BCE
1045
BCE
Loading...
Sui Dynasty
Chinese
581
CE
618
CE
Loading...
Tang Dynasty II
Chinese
763
CE
907
CE
Loading...
Early Wei Dynasty
Chinese
445
BCE
225
BCE
Loading...
Western Han Empire
Chinese
202
BCE
9
CE
Loading...
Great Yuan
Mongolian language
1271
CE
1368
CE
Loading...
Great Yuan
Chinese
1271
CE
1368
CE
Loading...
Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period
Demotic
404
BCE
342
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I
Arabic
1260
CE
1348
CE
Loading...
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II
Arabic
1348
CE
1412
CE
Loading...
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period
Arabic
868
CE
969
CE
Loading...
Proto-Carolingian
Latin
687
CE
751
CE
Loading...
Proto-Carolingian
Germanic
687
CE
751
CE
Loading...
Middle Merovingian
Latin
543
CE
687
CE
Loading...
Middle Merovingian
Germanic
543
CE
687
CE
Loading...
Erligang
archaic Chinese
1650
BCE
1250
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period
Ancient Egyptian
1069
BCE
747
BCE
Loading...
Chuuk - Late Truk
Chuukese
1886
CE
1948
CE
Loading...
La Tene A-B1
Gallic
475
BCE
325
BCE
Loading...
La Tene B2-C1
Gallic
325
BCE
175
BCE
Loading...
La Tene C2-D
Gaulish
175
BCE
27
BCE
Loading...
Qatabanian Commonwealth
Qatabanic
450
BCE
111
BCE
Loading...
Final Postpalatial Crete
Minoan
1200
BCE
1000
BCE
Loading...
Final Postpalatial Crete
Early Greek
1200
BCE
1000
BCE
Loading...
Hoysala Kingdom
Kannada
1108
CE
1346
CE
Loading...
Hoysala Kingdom
Sanskrit
1108
CE
1346
CE
Loading...
Abbasid Caliphate II
Arabic
1191
CE
1258
CE
Loading...
Bazi Dynasty
Akkadian
1005
BCE
986
BCE
Loading...
Dynasty of E
Mesopotamian Religions
979
BCE
732
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - Middle Kingdom
Ancient Egyptian
Expert
2016
BCE
1700
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - Period of the Regions
Ancient Egyptian
Expert
2150
BCE
2016
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - Late Old Kingdom
Ancient Egyptian
Expert
2350
BCE
2150
BCE
Loading...
Archaic Crete
Doric Greek
710
BCE
500
BCE
Loading...
Classical Crete
Doric Greek
500
BCE
323
BCE
Loading...
Geometric Crete
Doric Greek
1000
BCE
710
BCE
Loading...
Geometric Crete
Eteocretan
1000
BCE
710
BCE
Loading...
Hawaii II
Hawaiian
Expert
1200
CE
1580
CE
Loading...
Hawaii III
Hawaiian
Expert
1580
CE
1778
CE
Loading...
Mataram Sultanate
Javanese
Expert
1568
CE
1755
CE
Loading...
Yisrael
Hebrew
Expert
1030
BCE
722
BCE
Loading...
-
English
Expert
CE
Loading...
Gupta Empire
Sanskrit
320
CE
550
CE
Loading...
Kadamba Empire
Sanskrit
345
CE
550
CE
Loading...
Rashtrakuta Empire
Sanskrit
753
CE
973
CE
Loading...
Rashtrakuta Empire
Kannada
753
CE
973
CE
Loading...
Magadha - Sunga Empire
Sanskrit
187
BCE
65
BCE
Loading...
Amorite Babylonia
Amorite
2000
BCE
1600
BCE
Loading...
Amorite Babylonia
Old Babylonian
2000
BCE
1600
BCE
Loading...
Early Dynastic
Sumerian
2900
BCE
2500
BCE
Loading...
Hallstatt A-B1
uncoded
Undecided
1000
BCE
900
BCE
Loading...
Ak Koyunlu
Persian
1339
CE
1501
CE
Loading...
Ilkhanate
Mongolian
1256
CE
1339
CE
Loading...
Elam III
Elamite
612
BCE
539
BCE
Loading...
Qajar Dynasty
Persian
1794
CE
1925
CE
Loading...
Exarchate of Ravenna
Latin
568
CE
751
CE
Loading...
Exarchate of Ravenna
Greek
568
CE
751
CE
Loading...
Roman Kingdom
Latin
716
BCE
509
BCE
Loading...
Republic of St Peter I
Latin
752
CE
904
CE
Loading...
Republic of Venice III
Italian
1204
CE
1563
CE
Loading...
Republic of Venice IV
Italian
1564
CE
1797
CE
Loading...
Kansai - Kofun Period
Japanese
250
CE
537
CE
Loading...
Susa II
Sumerian
3800
BCE
3100
BCE
Loading...
Postpalatial Crete
Minoan
1300
BCE
1200
BCE
Loading...
Postpalatial Crete
Early Greek
1300
BCE
1200
BCE
Loading...
Prepalatial Crete
unknown
Suspected
3000
BCE
1900
BCE
Loading...
Ubaid
unknown
Suspected
Expert
5500
BCE
4000
BCE
Loading...
Papal States - Early Modern Period I
Latin
1527
CE
1648
CE
Loading...
Papal States - Early Modern Period II
Latin
1648
CE
1809
CE
Loading...
Phoenician Empire
Phoenician
Expert
1200
BCE
332
BCE
Loading...
Susa III
Sumerian
3100
BCE
2675
BCE
Loading...
Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity
Latin
395
CE
476
CE
Loading...
Ashikaga Shogunate
Middle Japanese
1336
CE
1467
CE
Loading...
Kamakura Shogunate
Middle Japanese
1185
CE
1333
CE
Loading...
Warring States Japan
Middle Japanese
1467
CE
1568
CE
Loading...
Classical Angkor
Old Khmer
1100
CE
1220
CE
Loading...
Classical Angkor
Mon
1100
CE
1220
CE
Loading...
Classical Angkor
Tai
1100
CE
1220
CE
Loading...
Late Angkor
Khmer
1220
CE
1432
CE
Loading...
Khmer Kingdom
Khmer
1432
CE
1594
CE
Loading...
Japan - Incipient Jomon
uncoded
Undecided
13600
BCE
9200
BCE
Loading...
Chenla
Old Khmer
550
CE
825
CE
Loading...
Saadi Sultanate
Arabic
1554
CE
1659
CE
Loading...
Saadi Sultanate
Berber
1554
CE
1659
CE
Loading...
Mali Empire
Mande
1230
CE
1410
CE
Loading...
Khitan I
Khitan
907
CE
1125
CE
Loading...
Early Xiongnu
Xiongnu
1400
BCE
300
BCE
Loading...
Late Mongols
Khalkha
1368
CE
1690
CE
Loading...
Zungharian Empire
Oirat
1670
CE
1757
CE
Loading...
Later Wagadu Empire
Mande
1078
CE
1203
CE
Loading...
Middle Wagadu Empire
Mande
700
CE
1077
CE
Loading...
Monte Alban III
Zapotec
200
CE
500
CE
Loading...
Indo-Greek Kingdom
Greek
180
BCE
10
BCE
Loading...
Indo-Greek Kingdom
Sanskrit
180
BCE
10
BCE
Loading...
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic
unknown
Expert
7500
BCE
5500
BCE
Loading...
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
unknown
Expert
5500
BCE
4000
BCE
Loading...
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic
unknown
Expert
4000
BCE
3200
BCE
Loading...
Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period
unknown
Expert
1300
BCE
500
BCE
Loading...
Late Cappadocia
Greek
330
BCE
16
CE
Loading...
Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic
Indo-European language
5500
BCE
3000
BCE
Loading...
Chuuk - Early Truk
Chuukese
1775
CE
1886
CE
Loading...
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas
uncoded
Undecided
1400
BCE
1150
BCE
Loading...
Hatti - Old Kingdom
Nesite
1650
BCE
1500
BCE
Loading...
Lysimachus Kingdom
Greek
323
BCE
281
BCE
Loading...
Phrygian Kingdom
Phrygian
900
BCE
695
BCE
Loading...
Rum Sultanate
Turkish
1077
CE
1307
CE
Loading...
Tabal Kingdoms
Luwian
900
BCE
730
BCE
Loading...
Timurid Empire
Chagatai Turkish
1370
CE
1526
CE
Loading...
Chagatai Khanate
Middle Mongolian
1227
CE
1402
CE
Loading...
Khanate of Bukhara
Persian
1599
CE
1747
CE
Loading...
Koktepe II
Ancient Iranian
750
BCE
550
BCE
Loading...
Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty
Arabic
1454
CE
1517
CE
Loading...
Durrani Empire
Pashto
1747
CE
1826
CE
Loading...
Durrani Empire
Persian
1747
CE
1826
CE
Loading...
Ghur Principality
Persian
1025
CE
1215
CE
Loading...
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
Greek
256
BCE
125
BCE
Loading...
Late Formative Basin of Mexico
unknown
Suspected
Expert
400
BCE
101
BCE
Loading...
Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico
unknown
Suspected
Expert
100
BCE
99
CE
Loading...
Kachi Plain - Urban Period I
uncoded
Undecided
Expert
2500
BCE
2100
BCE
Loading...
Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period
Hawaiian
Expert
1778
CE
1819
CE
Loading...
Hephthalite Empire
Bactrian
408
CE
561
CE
Loading...
Tairona
Atanque
1050
CE
1524
CE
Loading...
Konya Plain - Late Neolithic
uncoded
Undecided
6600
BCE
6000
BCE
Loading...
Kidarite Kingdom
Sogdian
388
CE
477
CE
Loading...
Proto-French Kingdom
Occitan
987
CE
1150
CE
Loading...
Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period
Sindhi
854
CE
1193
CE
Loading...
Kidarite Kingdom
Bactrian
388
CE
477
CE
Loading...
Hmong - Early Chinese
Xiangxi
1895
CE
1941
CE
Loading...
French Kingdom - Late Capetian
Langues dOil
1150
CE
1328
CE
Loading...
French Kingdom - Late Capetian
Occitan
1150
CE
1328
CE
Loading...
Hmong - Early Chinese
Qiandong
1895
CE
1941
CE
Loading...
Hmong - Early Chinese
Chuanqiandian
1895
CE
1941
CE
Loading...
Spanish Empire I
Castilian Spanish
1516
CE
1715
CE
Loading...
Mughal Empire
Persian
1526
CE
1858
CE
Loading...
Satavahana Empire
Prakrit
100
BCE
200
CE
Loading...
Shuar - Colonial
Shuar
1534
CE
1830
CE
Loading...
French Kingdom - Early Valois
French
1328
CE
1450
CE
Loading...
French Kingdom - Late Valois
French
1450
CE
1589
CE
Loading...
Vakataka Kingdom
Sanskrit
255
CE
550
CE
Loading...
Shuar - Ecuadorian
Shuar
1831
CE
1931
CE
Loading...
Spanish Empire I
Castilian Spanish
1516
CE
1715
CE
Loading...
French Kingdom - Late Bourbon
French
1660
CE
1815
CE
Loading...
Proto-French Kingdom
French
987
CE
1150
CE
Loading...
Proto-French Kingdom
Langues dOil
987
CE
1150
CE
Loading...
Akan - Pre-Ashanti
Akan
1501
CE
1701
CE
Loading...
Akan - Pre-Ashanti
Twi
1501
CE
1701
CE
Loading...
Satavahana Empire
Kannada
100
BCE
200
CE
Loading...
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
Iban
1841
CE
1987
CE
Loading...
Kalingga Kingdom
Sanskrit
500
CE
732
CE
Loading...
Kediri Kingdom
Sanskrit
1049
CE
1222
CE
Loading...
Kediri Kingdom
Old Javanese
1049
CE
1222
CE
Loading...
Majapahit Kingdom
Sanskrit
1292
CE
1518
CE
Loading...
Medang Kingdom
Sanskrit
732
CE
1019
CE
Loading...
Hawaii I
Old Hawaiian
Expert
1000
CE
1200
CE
Loading...
Medang Kingdom
Old Javanese
732
CE
1019
CE
Loading...
Isin-Larsa
Akkadian
2004
BCE
1763
BCE
Loading...
Chalukyas of Kalyani
Kannada
973
CE
1189
CE
Loading...
Chalukyas of Kalyani
Sanskrit
973
CE
1189
CE
Loading...
Vijayanagara Empire
Sanskrit
1336
CE
1646
CE
Loading...
Delhi Sultanate
Persian
1206
CE
1526
CE
Loading...
Early A'chik
A’chik
1775
CE
1867
CE
Loading...
Yehuda
Aramaic
Expert
141
BCE
63
BCE
Loading...
Yehuda
Hebrew
Expert
141
BCE
63
BCE
Loading...
Yehuda
Greek
Expert
141
BCE
63
BCE
Loading...
Late A'chik
A’chik
1867
CE
1956
CE
Loading...
Gupta Empire
Prakrit
320
CE
550
CE
Loading...
Kadamba Empire
Prakrit
345
CE
550
CE
Loading...
Kadamba Empire
Kannada
345
CE
550
CE
Loading...
Neo-Assyrian Empire
Aramaic
911
BCE
612
BCE
Loading...
Ur - Dynasty III
Sumerian
2112
BCE
2004
BCE
Loading...
Magadha - Maurya Empire
Prakrit
324
BCE
187
BCE
Loading...
Magadha - Sunga Empire
Prakrit
187
BCE
65
BCE
Loading...
Abbasid Caliphate I
Arabic
750
CE
946
CE
Loading...
Akkadian Empire
Akkadian
2270
BCE
2083
BCE
Loading...
Akkadian Empire
Sumerian
2270
BCE
2083
BCE
Loading...
Achaemenid Empire
Old Persian
550
BCE
331
BCE
Loading...
Buyid Confederation
Persian
932
CE
1062
CE
Loading...
Buyid Confederation
Arabic
932
CE
1062
CE
Loading...
Achaemenid Empire
Aramaic
550
BCE
331
BCE
Loading...
Achaemenid Empire
Elamite
550
BCE
331
BCE
Loading...
Achaemenid Empire
Greek
550
BCE
331
BCE
Loading...
Achaemenid Empire
Egyptian
550
BCE
331
BCE
Loading...
Elam - Igihalkid Period
Akkadian
1399
BCE
1200
BCE
Loading...
Elam - Awan Dynasty I
Old Elamite
2675
BCE
2100
BCE
Loading...
Elam - Awan Dynasty I
Akkadian
2675
BCE
2100
BCE
Loading...
Elymais II
Greek
25
CE
215
CE
Loading...
Ilkhanate
Persian
1256
CE
1339
CE
Loading...
Ilkhanate
Arabic
1256
CE
1339
CE
Loading...
Elam - Kidinuid Period
Elamite
1500
BCE
1400
BCE
Loading...
Elam - Kidinuid Period
Akkadian
1500
BCE
1400
BCE
Loading...
Elam - Igihalkid Period
Elamite
1399
BCE
1200
BCE
Loading...
Mongol Empire
Chinese
1206
CE
1270
CE
Loading...
Elam - Shutrukid Period
Elamite
1199
BCE
1100
BCE
Loading...
Elam - Shutrukid Period
Akkadian
1199
BCE
1100
BCE
Loading...
Elam II
Elamite
743
BCE
647
BCE
Loading...
Elam II
native Iranian languages
743
BCE
647
BCE
Loading...
Elam - Shimashki Period
Elamite
2028
BCE
1940
BCE
Loading...
Parthian Empire I
Greek
247
BCE
40
CE
Loading...
Parthian Empire I
Pahlavi
247
BCE
40
CE
Loading...
Parthian Empire II
Greek
41
CE
226
CE
Loading...
Parthian Empire II
Pahlavi
41
CE
226
CE
Loading...
Safavid Empire
Persian
1501
CE
1722
CE
Loading...
Safavid Empire
Turkic
1501
CE
1722
CE
Loading...
Safavid Empire
Arabic
1501
CE
1722
CE
Loading...
Sasanid Empire I
Pahlavi
205
CE
487
CE
Loading...
Sasanid Empire II
Pahlavi
488
CE
642
CE
Loading...
Seleucid Empire
Greek
312
BCE
63
BCE
Loading...
Seljuk Sultanate
Turkish
1037
CE
1157
CE
Loading...
Seljuk Sultanate
Arabic
1037
CE
1157
CE
Loading...
Seljuk Sultanate
Persian
1037
CE
1157
CE
Loading...
Mongol Empire
Persian
1206
CE
1270
CE
Loading...
Japan - Early Jomon
uncoded
Undecided
5300
BCE
3500
BCE
Loading...
Elam - Shimashki Period
Akkadian
2028
BCE
1940
BCE
Loading...
Elam - Shimashki Period
Babylonian
2028
BCE
1940
BCE
Loading...
Middle Roman Republic
Latin
264
BCE
133
BCE
Loading...
Elam - Early Sukkalmah
Elamite
1900
BCE
1701
BCE
Loading...
Papal States - Renaissance Period
Latin
1378
CE
1527
CE
Loading...
Elam - Early Sukkalmah
Akkadian
1900
BCE
1701
BCE
Loading...
Early Roman Republic
Latin
509
BCE
264
BCE
Loading...
Early Roman Republic
Greek
509
BCE
264
BCE
Loading...
Elam - Early Sukkalmah
Babylonian
1900
BCE
1701
BCE
Loading...
Elam - Early Sukkalmah
Hurrian
1900
BCE
1701
BCE
Loading...
Elam - Early Sukkalmah
Amorite
1900
BCE
1701
BCE
Loading...
Susa III
Proto-Elamite
3100
BCE
2675
BCE
Loading...
Ostrogothic Kingdom
Germanic
489
CE
554
CE
Loading...
Tokugawa Shogunate
Early Modern Japanese
1603
CE
1868
CE
Loading...
Mongol Empire
Mongolian
1206
CE
1270
CE
Loading...
Mongol Empire
Latin
1206
CE
1270
CE
Loading...
Mongol Empire
Russian
1206
CE
1270
CE
Loading...
Middle Roman Republic
Greek
264
BCE
133
BCE
Loading...
Late Roman Republic
Latin
Expert
133
BCE
31
BCE
Loading...
Late Roman Republic
Greek
Expert
133
BCE
31
BCE
Loading...
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama
Middle Japanese
1568
CE
1603
CE
Loading...
Heian
Late Old Japanese
794
CE
1185
CE
Loading...
Heian
Middle Japanese
794
CE
1185
CE
Loading...
Nara Kingdom
Old Japanese
710
CE
794
CE
Loading...
Kara-Khanids
Arabic
950
CE
1212
CE
Loading...
Kara-Khanids
Turkic
950
CE
1212
CE
Loading...
Western Turk Khaganate
Sogdian
582
CE
630
CE
Loading...
Western Turk Khaganate
Old Turkic
582
CE
630
CE
Loading...
Western Turk Khaganate
Iranian
582
CE
630
CE
Loading...
Early Angkor
Old Khmer
802
CE
1100
CE
Loading...
Khmer Kingdom
Tai
1432
CE
1594
CE
Loading...
Khmer Kingdom
Pali
1432
CE
1594
CE
Loading...
Chenla
Sanskrit
550
CE
825
CE
Loading...
Funan I
Khmer
225
CE
540
CE
Loading...
Funan I
Mon
225
CE
540
CE
Loading...
Funan II
Khmer
540
CE
640
CE
Loading...
Funan II
Mon
540
CE
640
CE
Loading...
Saadi Sultanate
Portuguese
1554
CE
1659
CE
Loading...
Bamana kingdom
Bambara
1712
CE
1861
CE
Loading...
Mali Empire
Arabic
1230
CE
1410
CE
Loading...
Segou Kingdom
Bambara
1650
CE
1712
CE
Loading...
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty
Mande
1493
CE
1591
CE
Loading...
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty
Songhay
1493
CE
1591
CE
Loading...
Uigur Khaganate
Old Turkic
745
CE
840
CE
Loading...
Eastern Turk Khaganate
Old Turkic
583
CE
630
CE
Loading...
Eastern Turk Khaganate
Sogdian
583
CE
630
CE
Loading...
Second Turk Khaganate
Old Turkic
682
CE
744
CE
Loading...
Late Xiongnu
Xiongnu
60
BCE
100
CE
Loading...
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation
Xiongnu
209
BCE
60
BCE
Loading...
Early Monte Alban I
Zapotec
500
BCE
300
BCE
Loading...
Monte Alban Late I
Zapotec
300
BCE
100
BCE
Loading...
Monte Alban II
Zapotec
100
BCE
200
CE
Loading...
Early Mongols
Naimans
Expert
1000
CE
1206
CE
Loading...
Cuzco - Late Intermediate II
Puquina
1250
CE
1400
CE
Loading...
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial
Orokaiva
1734
CE
1883
CE
Loading...
Kingdom of Gumma
Oromo
1800
CE
1897
CE
Loading...
Inca Empire
Quechua
Expert
1375
CE
1532
CE
Loading...
Orokaiva - Colonial
Orokaiva
1884
CE
1942
CE
Loading...
Indo-Greek Kingdom
Bactrian
180
BCE
10
BCE
Loading...
Indo-Greek Kingdom
Aramaic
180
BCE
10
BCE
Loading...
Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period
Arabic
854
CE
1193
CE
Loading...
Sind - Samma Dynasty
Sindhi
1335
CE
1521
CE
Loading...
Sind - Samma Dynasty
Punjabi
1335
CE
1521
CE
Loading...
Sakha - Early
Sakha (Yakut)
1400
CE
1632
CE
Loading...
Sakha - Late
Sakha (Yakut)
1632
CE
1900
CE
Loading...
Egypt - Kushite Period
Egyptian
747
BCE
656
BCE
Loading...
Umayyad Caliphate
Arabic
661
CE
750
CE
Loading...
Umayyad Caliphate
Coptic
661
CE
750
CE
Loading...
Umayyad Caliphate
Greek
661
CE
750
CE
Loading...
Umayyad Caliphate
Persian
661
CE
750
CE
Loading...
Pre-Sape Sierra Leone
Temne
600
CE
1400
CE
Loading...
Mossi
Mossi
1100
CE
1897
CE
Loading...
Ayutthaya
Tai
1593
CE
1767
CE
Loading...
Ayutthaya
Thai
1593
CE
1767
CE
Loading...
Fatimid Caliphate
Arabic
909
CE
1171
CE
Loading...
Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age
Proto-Indo-European language
3000
BCE
2000
BCE
Loading...
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II
Luwian
1500
BCE
1400
BCE
Loading...
Kingdom of Gomma
Oromo
1780
CE
1886
CE
Loading...
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
Hattic
2000
BCE
1700
BCE
Loading...
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
Luwian
2000
BCE
1700
BCE
Loading...
Qatabanian Commonwealth
Hadramawtic
450
BCE
111
BCE
Loading...
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
Hittite
2000
BCE
1700
BCE
Loading...
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
Hurrian
2000
BCE
1700
BCE
Loading...
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
Old Assyrian dialect of Akkadian
2000
BCE
1700
BCE
Loading...
Byzantine Empire II
Greek
Expert
867
CE
1072
CE
Loading...
Byzantine Empire III
Greek
Expert
1073
CE
1204
CE
Loading...
East Roman Empire
Greek
Expert
395
CE
631
CE
Loading...
Roman Empire - Dominate
Latin
285
CE
394
CE
Loading...
Hatti - New Kingdom
Luwian
1400
BCE
1180
BCE
Loading...
Hatti - Old Kingdom
Luwian
1650
BCE
1500
BCE
Loading...
Kingdom of Lydia
Lydian
670
BCE
546
BCE
Loading...
Neo-Hittite Kingdoms
Luwian
1180
BCE
900
BCE
Loading...
Ottoman Empire II
Turkish
1517
CE
1683
CE
Loading...
Ottoman Empire III
Turkish
1683
CE
1839
CE
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Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan
Sabaic
110
BCE
149
CE
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Ottoman Emirate
Ottoman Turkish
Expert
1299
CE
1402
CE
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Ottoman Empire I
Persian
Expert
1402
CE
1517
CE
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Early Modern Sierra Leone
Koranko
1650
CE
1896
CE
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Roman Empire - Dominate
Greek
285
CE
394
CE
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Rum Sultanate
Persian
1077
CE
1307
CE
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Rum Sultanate
Arabic
1077
CE
1307
CE
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Early Illinois Confederation
Miami Illinois
1640
CE
1717
CE
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Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
Cayuga
1566
CE
1713
CE
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Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
Mohawk
1566
CE
1713
CE
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Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan
Mainic
110
BCE
149
CE
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Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
Oneida
1566
CE
1713
CE
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Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
Onondaga
1566
CE
1713
CE
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Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
Seneca
1566
CE
1713
CE
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Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
Tuscarora
1566
CE
1713
CE
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Qatabanian Commonwealth
Old Arabic
450
BCE
111
BCE
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Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
Cayuga
1714
CE
1848
CE
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Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
Mohawk
1714
CE
1848
CE
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Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
Oneida
1714
CE
1848
CE
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Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
Onondaga
1714
CE
1848
CE
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Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
Seneca
1714
CE
1848
CE
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Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
Tuscarora
1714
CE
1848
CE
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Samanid Empire
Arabic
819
CE
999
CE
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Early Modern Sierra Leone
Limba
1650
CE
1896
CE
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Samanid Empire
Persian
819
CE
999
CE
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Timurid Empire
Persian
1370
CE
1526
CE
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Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty
Arabic
1637
CE
1805
CE
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Qatabanian Commonwealth
Sabaic
450
BCE
111
BCE
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Qatabanian Commonwealth
Mainic
450
BCE
111
BCE
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Sabaean Commonwealth
Old Arabic
Expert
800
BCE
451
BCE
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Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan
Qatabanic
110
BCE
149
CE
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Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan
Hadramawtic
110
BCE
149
CE
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Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan
Old Arabic
110
BCE
149
CE
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Early Modern Sierra Leone
Susu
1650
CE
1896
CE
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Early Modern Sierra Leone
Temne
1650
CE
1896
CE
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Sape
Temne
1400
CE
1550
CE
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Early Modern Sierra Leone
Mande
1650
CE
1896
CE
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Early Modern Sierra Leone
Bullom
1650
CE
1896
CE
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Early Modern Sierra Leone
Loko
1650
CE
1896
CE
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Kaabu
Manding
1500
CE
1867
CE
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Freetown
English
1787
CE
1808
CE
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Freetown
Krio
1787
CE
1808
CE
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Futa Jallon
Pulaar
1725
CE
1896
CE
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Pre-Sape Sierra Leone
Limba
600
CE
1400
CE
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Great Zimbabwe
Shona
1270
CE
1550
CE
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Torwa-Rozvi
Shona
1494
CE
1850
CE
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Mutapa
Shona
1450
CE
1880
CE
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Pandya Empire
Tamil
1216
CE
1323
CE
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Dambadaneiya
Sinhala
1232
CE
1293
CE
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Anurādhapura IV
Sinhala
614
CE
1017
CE
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Polonnaruwa
Sinhala
1070
CE
1255
CE
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Habr Yunis
Arabic
1300
CE
1886
CE
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Polonnaruwa
Tamil
1070
CE
1255
CE
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Anurādhapura III
Sinhala
428
CE
614
CE
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Dutch Empire
Dutch
1648
CE
1795
CE
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Anurādhapura I
Sinhala
300
BCE
70
CE
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Jaffna
Tamil
1310
CE
1591
CE
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Jaffna
Sinhalese
1310
CE
1591
CE
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Anurādhapura II
Sinhala
70
CE
428
CE
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Kingdom of Jimma
Oromo
1790
CE
1932
CE
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Adal Sultanate
Arabic
1375
CE
1543
CE
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Adal Sultanate
Harari
1375
CE
1543
CE
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Adal Sultanate
Argobba
1375
CE
1543
CE
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Tunni Sultanate
Arabic
800
CE
1200
CE
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Tunni Sultanate
Maay
800
CE
1200
CE
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Emirate of Harar
Oromo
1650
CE
1875
CE
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Habr Yunis
Somali
1300
CE
1886
CE
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Sultanate of Geledi
Arabic
1750
CE
1911
CE
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Sultanate of Geledi
Maay
1750
CE
1911
CE
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Shoa Sultanate
Arabic
1108
CE
1285
CE
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Shoa Sultanate
Harari
1108
CE
1285
CE
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Early Sultanate of Aussa
Qafar
1734
CE
1895
CE
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Ifat Sultanate
Argobba
1280
CE
1375
CE
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Shoa Sultanate
Argobba
1108
CE
1285
CE
Loading...
Harla Kingdom
Harla
500
CE
1500
CE
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Harla Kingdom
Arabic
500
CE
1500
CE
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Hadiya Sultanate
Hadiyya
1300
CE
1680
CE
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Ifat Sultanate
Arabic
1280
CE
1375
CE
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Kingdom of Cayor
Wolof
1549
CE
1864
CE
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Ifat Sultanate
Harari
1280
CE
1375
CE
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Pandya Dynasty
Sanskrit
590
CE
915
CE
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Medri Bahri
Tigrinya
1310
CE
1889
CE
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Majeerteen Sultanate
Arabic
1750
CE
1926
CE
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Majeerteen Sultanate
Somali
1750
CE
1926
CE
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Funj Sultanate
Arabic
1504
CE
1820
CE
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Funj Sultanate
Funj
1504
CE
1820
CE
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Kingdom of Kaffa
Kafa
1390
CE
1897
CE
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Kingdom of Kaffa
Yemsa
1390
CE
1897
CE
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Emirate of Harar
Harari
1650
CE
1875
CE
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Isaaq Sultanate
Arabic
1300
CE
1886
CE
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Isaaq Sultanate
Somali
1300
CE
1886
CE
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Proto-Yoruba
Proto-Yoruba
301
CE
649
CE
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Classical Ife
Yoruba
1000
CE
1400
CE
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Classical Ife
Bini
1000
CE
1400
CE
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Late Formative Yoruba
Yoruba
650
CE
1049
CE
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Kwararafa
Jukun
596
CE
1820
CE
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Allada
Ajagbe
1100
CE
1724
CE
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Benin Empire
Bini
1140
CE
1897
CE
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Allada
Yoruba
1100
CE
1724
CE
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Nayaks of Thanjavur
Telugu
1532
CE
1676
CE
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Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́
Yoruba
1601
CE
1835
CE
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Whydah
Ajagbe
1671
CE
1727
CE
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Oyo
Yoruba
1300
CE
1535
CE
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Proto-Yoruboid
Proto-Yoruboid
300
BCE
300
CE
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Sokoto Caliphate
Sokoto
1804
CE
1904
CE
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Sokoto Caliphate
Hausa
1804
CE
1904
CE
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Sokoto Caliphate
Arabic
1804
CE
1904
CE
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Igala
Idoma
1600
CE
1900
CE
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Wukari Federation
Jukun
1820
CE
1899
CE
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Igala
Arabic
1600
CE
1900
CE
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Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì
Igbo
1043
CE
1911
CE
Loading...
Burundi
Kirundi
1680
CE
1903
CE
Loading...
Fipa
Fipa
1600
CE
1890
CE
Loading...
Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì
Nri
1043
CE
1911
CE
Loading...
Hausa bakwai
Hausa
900
CE
1808
CE
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Kanem-Borno
Arabic
1380
CE
1893
CE
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Foys
Fongbe
1715
CE
1894
CE
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Kingdom of Saloum
Sereer
1490
CE
1863
CE
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Late Pallava Empire
Sanskrit
300
CE
890
CE
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Nkore
Runyankore
1750
CE
1901
CE
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Kingdom of Baol
Sereer
1550
CE
1890
CE
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Kingdom of Baol
Wolof
1550
CE
1890
CE
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Kingdom of Sine
Sereer
1350
CE
1887
CE
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Kingdom of Waalo
Wolof
1287
CE
1855
CE
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Jolof Empire
Wolof
1360
CE
1549
CE
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Nkore
Runyankore
1450
CE
1749
CE
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Imamate of Futa Toro
Fula
1776
CE
1860
CE
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Pandya Dynasty
Tamil
590
CE
915
CE
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Imamate of Futa Toro
Arabic
1776
CE
1860
CE
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Denyanke Kingdom
Fula
1490
CE
1776
CE
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Kingdom of Jolof
Wolof
1549
CE
1865
CE
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Buganda II
Luganda
1717
CE
1894
CE
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Buganda I
Luganda
1408
CE
1716
CE
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Kingdom of Nyinginya
Kinyarwanda
1650
CE
1897
CE
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Late Pallava Empire
Old Tamil
300
CE
890
CE
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Early Cholas
Old Tamil
300
BCE
300
CE
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Early Cholas
Prakrit
300
BCE
300
CE
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Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom
Telugu
1675
CE
1799
CE
Loading...
Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom
Sanskrit
1675
CE
1799
CE
Loading...
Sabaean Commonwealth
Hadramawtic
Expert
800
BCE
451
BCE
Loading...
Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom
Tamil
1675
CE
1799
CE
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Early Pandyas
Old Tamil
300
BCE
300
CE
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Carnatic Sultanate
Persian
1710
CE
1801
CE
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Late Pallava Empire
Prakrit
300
CE
890
CE
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Kalabhra Dynasty
Prakrit
200
CE
600
CE
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Kalabhra Dynasty
Pali
200
CE
600
CE
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Kalabhra Dynasty
Old Tamil
200
CE
600
CE
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Kalabhra Dynasty
Sanskrit
200
CE
600
CE
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Nayaks of Madurai
Tamil
1529
CE
1736
CE
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Aro
Igbo
1690
CE
1902
CE
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Aro
Efik-Ibibio
1690
CE
1902
CE
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Kushan Empire
Greek
Expert
35
CE
319
CE
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Kushan Empire
Bactrian
Expert
35
CE
319
CE
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Ayyubid Sultanate
Arabic
Expert
1171
CE
1250
CE
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Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period
Late Egyptian
Expert
1293
BCE
1070
BCE
Loading...
New Palace Crete
unknown
Suspected
1700
BCE
1450
BCE
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Icelandic Commonwealth
Old Norse
Expert
930
CE
1262
CE
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Papal States - High Medieval Period
Latin
1198
CE
1309
CE
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Roman Empire - Principate
Latin
Expert
31
BCE
284
CE
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Early Mongols
Mongolian
Expert
1000
CE
1206
CE
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Early Mongols
Tatar
Expert
1000
CE
1206
CE
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Monte Alban V
Zapotec
Expert
900
CE
1520
CE
Loading...
Byzantine Empire I
Greek
Expert
632
CE
866
CE
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Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic
Indo-European language
Expert
6000
BCE
5500
BCE
Loading...
Ottoman Empire I
Turkish
Expert
1402
CE
1517
CE
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Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling
uncoded
Undecided
Expert
1050
CE
1199
CE
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Sabaean Commonwealth
Qatabanic
Expert
800
BCE
451
BCE
Loading...
Sabaean Commonwealth
Sabaic
Expert
800
BCE
451
BCE
Loading...
Sabaean Commonwealth
Mainic
Expert
800
BCE
451
BCE
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Chola Empire
Tamil
849
CE
1280
CE
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Early Merovingian
Old Frankish
481
CE
543
CE
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