# | Polity | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | Edit | Desc |
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1 | Early Xiongnu | unknown | Suspected | 1300 BCE 501 BCE | ||
Bronze helmets from Iran appear to have been used by Steppe Nomads. Also Steppe Nomads in other polities have been found to use leather or other helmets, therefore I have coded this as present. "Sauromatian bronze helmets and scale or plate armor not of local production appear in the Volga River region and southern Ural Steppes in the fifth-fourth century b.c., showing an increase in the exchange economy among neighboring communities."
[1]
[1]: Nicola Di Cosmo. 2002. Ancient China and Its Enemies: The Rise of Nomadic Power in East Asian History. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, p. 42 |
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2 | Early Xiongnu | present | Confident | 500 BCE 300 BCE | ||
Bronze helmets from Iran appear to have been used by Steppe Nomads. Also Steppe Nomads in other polities have been found to use leather or other helmets, therefore I have coded this as present. "Sauromatian bronze helmets and scale or plate armor not of local production appear in the Volga River region and southern Ural Steppes in the fifth-fourth century b.c., showing an increase in the exchange economy among neighboring communities."
[1]
[1]: Nicola Di Cosmo. 2002. Ancient China and Its Enemies: The Rise of Nomadic Power in East Asian History. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, p. 42 |
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3 | Java - Buni Culture | unknown | Suspected | 400 BCE 149 CE | ||
According to the Chinese Nan chou i wu chih (A Record of Strange Things in the Southern Regions) written about 222-228 CE a volcanic country called ’Ge-ying’ (thought to be western Java) traded with the Malay Peninsula and imported horses from India. They were used by warriors.
[1]
It is likely they had some basic armour. Metallurgy was introduced after the third century BCE
[2]
so in addition to imported items, they may have had the ability to smith their own armour. Indian military terms surviving in Javanese: "war, weapon, sword, lance, armour, shield, helmet, banner, battle, siege, fortress, soldier, officer, enemy, spy, etc."
[3]
[1]: (Miksic and Goh 2017, 215) John Norman Miksic. Geok Yian Goh. Routledge. 2017. Ancient Southeast Asia. London. p. 215 [2]: (Bellwood 2004, 36) Bellwood, Peter. The origins and dispersals of agricultural communities in Southeast Asia. Glover, Ian. Bellwood, Peter. eds. 2004. Southeast Asia: From Prehistory to History. RoutledgeCurzon. London. [3]: (Kumara 2007, 161) Sasiprabha Kumara. 2007. Sanskrit Across Cultures. Special Centre for Sanskrit Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University. New Delhi. |
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4 | Java - Buni Culture | present | Inferred | 150 CE 500 CE | ||
According to the Chinese Nan chou i wu chih (A Record of Strange Things in the Southern Regions) written about 222-228 CE a volcanic country called ’Ge-ying’ (thought to be western Java) traded with the Malay Peninsula and imported horses from India. They were used by warriors.
[1]
It is likely they had some basic armour. Metallurgy was introduced after the third century BCE
[2]
so in addition to imported items, they may have had the ability to smith their own armour. Indian military terms surviving in Javanese: "war, weapon, sword, lance, armour, shield, helmet, banner, battle, siege, fortress, soldier, officer, enemy, spy, etc."
[3]
[1]: (Miksic and Goh 2017, 215) John Norman Miksic. Geok Yian Goh. Routledge. 2017. Ancient Southeast Asia. London. p. 215 [2]: (Bellwood 2004, 36) Bellwood, Peter. The origins and dispersals of agricultural communities in Southeast Asia. Glover, Ian. Bellwood, Peter. eds. 2004. Southeast Asia: From Prehistory to History. RoutledgeCurzon. London. [3]: (Kumara 2007, 161) Sasiprabha Kumara. 2007. Sanskrit Across Cultures. Special Centre for Sanskrit Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University. New Delhi. |
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5 | Kansai - Kofun Period | absent | Confident | 250 CE 400 CE | ||
Helmets were introduced in Japan in the 5th century CE
[1]
. "The earliest armor used in Japan, as elsewhere, was padded or made of scales or rings sewn on cloth."
[2]
[1]: Bryant, Anthony J. 1991. Early Samurai: 200-1500 AD. Vol. 35. Osprey Publishing.p.45. [2]: (Stone 1999, 60-61) George Cameron Stone. 1999. Glossary of the Construction, Decoration and Use of Arms and Armor in All Countries and in All Times. Dover Publications, Inc. Mineola. |
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6 | Kansai - Kofun Period | present | Confident | 401 CE 538 CE | ||
Helmets were introduced in Japan in the 5th century CE
[1]
. "The earliest armor used in Japan, as elsewhere, was padded or made of scales or rings sewn on cloth."
[2]
[1]: Bryant, Anthony J. 1991. Early Samurai: 200-1500 AD. Vol. 35. Osprey Publishing.p.45. [2]: (Stone 1999, 60-61) George Cameron Stone. 1999. Glossary of the Construction, Decoration and Use of Arms and Armor in All Countries and in All Times. Dover Publications, Inc. Mineola. |
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7 | Neguanje | unknown | Suspected | 250 CE 1050 CE | ||
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8 | Geometric Crete | present | Confident | 1000 BCE 710 BCE | ||
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9 | Neolithic Crete | absent | Confident | 7000 BCE 3000 BCE | ||
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10 | New Palace Crete | present | Confident | 1700 BCE 1450 BCE | ||
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11 | Prepalatial Crete | unknown | Suspected | 3000 BCE 1900 BCE | ||
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12 | Eastern Han Empire | present | Confident | 25 CE 220 CE | ||
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13 | Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period | present | Inferred | 868 CE 969 CE | ||
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14 | Canaan | present | Confident | 2000 BCE 1175 BCE | ||
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15 | Erligang | present | Confident | 1650 BCE 1250 BCE | ||
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16 | Hmong - Early Chinese | unknown | Suspected | 1895 CE 1941 CE | ||
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17 | Jin | present | Confident | 780 BCE 404 BCE | ||
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18 | Northern Song | present | Confident | 960 CE 1127 CE | ||
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19 | Early Qing | present | Confident | 1644 CE 1796 CE | ||
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20 | Late Qing | present | Confident | 1796 CE 1912 CE | ||
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21 | Tang Dynasty I | present | Confident | 617 CE 763 CE | ||
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22 | Western Han Empire | present | Confident | 202 BCE 9 CE | ||
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23 | Western Zhou | present | Confident | 1122 BCE 771 BCE | ||
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24 | Ayyubid Sultanate | present | Confident | 1171 CE 1250 CE | ||
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25 | Cahokia - Middle Woodland | unknown | Suspected | 150 BCE 300 CE | ||
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26 | Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period | present | Inferred | 404 BCE 342 BCE | ||
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27 | Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I | present | Confident | 1260 CE 1348 CE | ||
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28 | Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II | present | Confident | 1348 CE 1412 CE | ||
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29 | Ptolemaic Kingdom I | present | Confident | 305 BCE 217 BCE | ||
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30 | Ptolemaic Kingdom II | present | Confident | 217 BCE 30 BCE | ||
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31 | Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period | present | Inferred | 1069 BCE 747 BCE | ||
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32 | Atlantic Complex | absent | Inferred | 2200 BCE 1000 BCE | ||
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33 | Carolingian Empire I | present | Confident | 752 CE 840 CE | ||
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34 | Hallstatt D | present | Inferred | 600 BCE 475 BCE | ||
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35 | La Tene B2-C1 | present | Confident | 325 BCE 175 BCE | ||
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36 | Archaic Crete | present | Confident | 710 BCE 500 BCE | ||
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37 | Classical Crete | present | Confident | 500 BCE 323 BCE | ||
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38 | Hellenistic Crete | present | Confident | 323 BCE 69 BCE | ||
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39 | Hawaii I | unknown | Suspected | 1000 CE 1200 CE | ||
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40 | Kalingga Kingdom | present | Inferred | 500 CE 732 CE | ||
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41 | Mataram Sultanate | present | Inferred | 1568 CE 1755 CE | ||
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42 | Deccan - Neolithic | unknown | Suspected | 2700 BCE 1200 BCE | ||
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43 | Early A'chik | absent | Confident | 1775 CE 1867 CE | ||
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44 | Late A'chik | absent | Confident | 1867 CE 1956 CE | ||
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45 | Uruk | unknown | Suspected | 4000 BCE 2900 BCE | ||
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46 | Papal States - Early Modern Period I | present | Confident | 1527 CE 1648 CE | ||
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47 | Exarchate of Ravenna | present | Confident | 568 CE 751 CE | ||
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48 | Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity | present | Confident | 395 CE 476 CE | ||
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49 | Republic of St Peter I | present | Confident | 711 CE 904 CE | ||
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50 | Ashikaga Shogunate | present | Confident | 1336 CE 1467 CE | ||
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51 | Chalukyas of Kalyani | present | Inferred | 973 CE 1189 CE | ||
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52 | Chalcolithic Middle Ganga | unknown | Suspected | 3000 BCE 601 BCE | ||
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53 | Neolithic Middle Ganga | unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||
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54 | Kadamba Empire | present | Inferred | 345 CE 550 CE | ||
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55 | Kannauj - Varman Dynasty | unknown | Suspected | 650 CE 780 CE | ||
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56 | Mughal Empire | present | Confident | 1526 CE 1858 CE | ||
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57 | Abbasid Caliphate I | present | Confident | 750 CE 946 CE | ||
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58 | Amorite Babylonia | present | Confident | 2000 BCE 1600 BCE | ||
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59 | Bazi Dynasty | present | Inferred | 1005 BCE 986 BCE | ||
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60 | Dynasty of E | present | Inferred | 979 BCE 732 BCE | ||
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61 | Early Dynastic | present | Confident | 2900 BCE 2500 BCE | ||
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62 | Second Dynasty of Isin | present | Inferred | 1153 BCE 1027 BCE | ||
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63 | Isin-Larsa | present | Inferred | 2004 BCE 1763 BCE | ||
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64 | Neo-Babylonian Empire | present | Inferred | 626 BCE 539 BCE | ||
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65 | Ak Koyunlu | present | Confident | 1339 CE 1501 CE | ||
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66 | Elam - Crisis Period | present | Confident | 1100 BCE 900 BCE | ||
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67 | Susiana A | absent | Confident | 6000 BCE 5700 BCE | ||
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68 | Susiana B | absent | Inferred | 5700 BCE 5100 BCE | ||
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69 | Elam - Shutrukid Period | present | Confident | 1199 BCE 1100 BCE | ||
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70 | Elam III | present | Confident | 612 BCE 539 BCE | ||
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71 | Pre-Ceramic Period | absent | Confident | 7800 BCE 7200 BCE | ||
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72 | Seleucids | present | Confident | 312 BCE 63 BCE | ||
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73 | Susa I | absent | Confident | 4300 BCE 3800 BCE | ||
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74 | Icelandic Commonwealth | present | Inferred | 930 CE 1262 CE | ||
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75 | Latium - Iron Age | present | Confident | 1000 BCE 580 BCE | ||
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76 | Papal States - Early Modern Period II | present | Confident | 1648 CE 1809 CE | ||
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77 | Late Roman Republic | present | Confident | 133 BCE 31 BCE | ||
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78 | Roman Empire - Principate | present | Confident | 31 BCE 284 CE | ||
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79 | Japan - Incipient Jomon | absent | Confident | 13600 BCE 9200 BCE | ||
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80 | Japan - Initial Jomon | absent | Confident | 9200 BCE 5300 BCE | ||
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81 | Japan - Early Jomon | absent | Confident | 5300 BCE 3500 BCE | ||
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82 | Japan - Middle Jomon | absent | Confident | 3500 BCE 2500 BCE | ||
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83 | Bronze Age Cambodia | unknown | Suspected | 1200 BCE 501 BCE | ||
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84 | Jenne-jeno I | absent | Confident | 250 BCE 49 CE | ||
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85 | Jenne-jeno II | absent | Confident | 50 CE 399 CE | ||
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86 | Jenne-jeno III | absent | Confident | 400 CE 899 CE | ||
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87 | Jenne-jeno IV | present | Confident Uncertain | 900 CE 1300 CE | ||
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88 | Jenne-jeno IV | absent | Confident Uncertain | 900 CE 1300 CE | ||
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89 | Khitan I | unknown | Suspected | 907 CE 1125 CE | ||
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90 | Rouran Khaganate | unknown | Suspected | 300 CE 555 CE | ||
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91 | Shiwei | unknown | Suspected | 600 CE 1000 CE | ||
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92 | Uigur Khaganate | unknown | Suspected | 745 CE 840 CE | ||
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93 | Cuzco - Late Intermediate I | unknown | Suspected | 1000 CE 1250 CE | ||
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94 | Cuzco - Late Intermediate II | unknown | Suspected | 1250 CE 1400 CE | ||
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95 | Cuzco - Late Formative | unknown | Suspected | 500 BCE 200 CE | ||
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96 | Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial | absent | Confident | 1734 CE 1883 CE | ||
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97 | Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period | absent | Confident | 3200 BCE 2500 BCE | ||
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98 | Sarazm | unknown | Suspected | 3500 BCE 2000 BCE | ||
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99 | Warring States Japan | present | Confident | 1467 CE 1568 CE | ||
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100 | Funan I | present | Inferred | 225 CE 540 CE | ||
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101 | Saadi Sultanate | present | Confident | 1554 CE 1659 CE | ||
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102 | Segou Kingdom | unknown | Suspected | 1650 CE 1712 CE | ||
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103 | Mongol Empire | present | Confident | 1206 CE 1368 CE | ||
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104 | Early Mongols | present | Confident | 1000 CE 1206 CE | ||
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105 | Late Xiongnu | present | Confident | 60 BCE 100 CE | ||
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106 | Xiongnu Imperial Confederation | present | Confident | 209 BCE 60 BCE | ||
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107 | Zungharian Empire | present | Confident | 1670 CE 1757 CE | ||
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108 | Monte Alban IIIB and IV | unknown | Suspected | 500 CE 900 CE | ||
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109 | Initial Formative Basin of Mexico | absent | Inferred | 2000 BCE 1201 BCE | ||
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110 | Toltecs | present | Inferred | 900 CE 1199 CE | ||
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111 | Kingdom of Norway II | present | Confident | 1262 CE 1396 CE | ||
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112 | Cuzco - Early Intermediate I | unknown | Confident | 200 CE 499 CE | ||
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113 | Wari Empire | present | Confident | 650 CE 999 CE | ||
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114 | Indo-Greek Kingdom | present | Inferred | 180 BCE 10 BCE | ||
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115 | Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period | present | Confident | 854 CE 1193 CE | ||
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116 | Sind - Samma Dynasty | present | Confident | 1335 CE 1521 CE | ||
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117 | Egypt - Kushite Period | present | Inferred | 747 BCE 656 BCE | ||
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118 | Ayutthaya | present | Confident | 1593 CE 1767 CE | ||
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119 | Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II | present | Confident | 1500 BCE 1400 BCE | ||
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120 | Byzantine Empire III | present | Confident | 1073 CE 1204 CE | ||
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121 | Qatabanian Commonwealth | unknown | Confident | 450 BCE 111 BCE | ||
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122 | Rasulid Dynasty | present | Inferred | 1229 CE 1453 CE | ||
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123 | Sabaean Commonwealth | unknown | Confident | 800 BCE 451 BCE | ||
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124 | Ottoman Empire III | present | Confident | 1683 CE 1839 CE | ||
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125 | Cahokia - Early Woodland | absent | Confident | 600 BCE 150 BCE | ||
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126 | Koktepe I | present | Confident | 1400 BCE 1000 BCE | ||
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127 | Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty | unknown | Suspected | 1637 CE 1805 CE | ||
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128 | Durrani Empire | present | Confident | 1747 CE 1826 CE | ||
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129 | Ghur Principality | present | Inferred | 1025 CE 1215 CE | ||
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130 | Greco-Bactrian Kingdom | present | Confident | 256 BCE 125 BCE | ||
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131 | Hephthalites | present | Inferred | 408 CE 561 CE | ||
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132 | Kushan Empire | present | Confident | 35 CE 319 CE | ||
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133 | Tocharians | present | Confident | 129 BCE 29 CE | ||
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134 | Western Jin | present | Confident | 265 CE 317 CE | ||
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135 | Hatti - New Kingdom | present | Confident | 1400 BCE 1180 BCE | ||
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136 | Lysimachus Kingdom | present | Confident | 323 BCE 281 BCE | ||
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137 | Ottoman Emirate | present | Confident | 1299 CE 1402 CE | ||
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138 | Ottoman Empire I | present | Confident | 1402 CE 1517 CE | ||
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139 | Roman Empire - Dominate | present | Confident | 285 CE 394 CE | ||
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140 | Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling | absent | Confident | 1055 CE 1199 CE | ||
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141 | Cahokia - Moorehead | absent | Confident | 1200 CE 1275 CE | ||
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142 | Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy | present | Confident | 1300 CE 1565 CE | ||
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143 | Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period | absent | Confident | 1778 CE 1819 CE | ||
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144 | Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II | absent | Confident | 900 CE 1049 CE | ||
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145 | Cahokia - Late Woodland II | absent | Confident | 450 CE 600 CE | ||
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146 | Cahokia - Late Woodland III | unknown | Suspected | 600 CE 750 CE | ||
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147 | Cahokia - Late Woodland I | absent | Confident | 300 CE 450 CE | ||
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148 | Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I | absent | Confident | 750 CE 900 CE | ||
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149 | Himyar I | present | Inferred | 270 CE 340 CE | ||
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150 | Erlitou | absent | Inferred | 1850 BCE 1600 BCE | ||
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151 | Hmong - Late Qing | present | Confident | 1701 CE 1895 CE | ||
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152 | Longshan | absent | Inferred | 3000 BCE 1900 BCE | ||
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153 | Great Ming | present | Confident | 1368 CE 1644 CE | ||
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154 | Northern Wei | present | Confident | 386 CE 534 CE | ||
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155 | Peiligang | absent | Confident | 7000 BCE 5001 BCE | ||
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156 | Late Shang | present | Confident | 1250 BCE 1045 BCE | ||
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157 | Sui Dynasty | present | Confident | 581 CE 618 CE | ||
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158 | Tang Dynasty II | present | Confident | 763 CE 907 CE | ||
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159 | Early Wei Dynasty | present | Confident | 445 BCE 225 BCE | ||
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160 | Yangshao | absent | Inferred | 5000 BCE 3000 BCE | ||
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161 | Tairona | absent | Inferred | 1050 CE 1524 CE | ||
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162 | Shuar - Colonial | absent | Confident | 1534 CE 1830 CE | ||
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163 | Shuar - Ecuadorian | absent | Confident | 1831 CE 1931 CE | ||
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164 | Badarian | absent | Confident | 4400 BCE 3800 BCE | ||
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165 | Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period | present | Confident | 1550 BCE 1293 BCE | ||
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166 | Ur - Dynasty III | present | Confident | 2112 BCE 2004 BCE | ||
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167 | Egypt - Dynasty I | absent | Confident | 3100 BCE 2900 BCE | ||
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168 | Egypt - Dynasty II | absent | Confident | 2900 BCE 2687 BCE | ||
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169 | Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III | present | Confident | 1412 CE 1517 CE | ||
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170 | Egypt - Middle Kingdom | absent | Confident | 2016 BCE 1700 BCE | ||
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171 | Naqada I | absent | Confident | 3800 BCE 3550 BCE | ||
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172 | Egypt - Saite Period | present | Inferred | 664 BCE 525 BCE | ||
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173 | Aztec Empire | present | Confident | 1427 CE 1526 CE | ||
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174 | Naqada II | absent | Confident | 3550 BCE 3300 BCE | ||
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175 | Egypt - Dynasty 0 | absent | Confident | 3300 BCE 3100 BCE | ||
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176 | Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period | present | Confident | 1293 BCE 1070 BCE | ||
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177 | Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom | absent | Confident | 2650 BCE 2350 BCE | ||
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178 | Egypt - Late Old Kingdom | absent | Confident | 2350 BCE 2150 BCE | ||
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179 | Egypt - Period of the Regions | absent | Confident | 2150 BCE 2016 BCE | ||
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180 | Susiana - Early Ubaid | absent | Confident | 5100 BCE 4700 BCE | ||
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181 | Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period | present | Inferred | 1720 BCE 1567 BCE | ||
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182 | Spanish Empire I | present | Confident | 1516 CE 1715 CE | ||
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183 | Chuuk - Early Truk | absent | Inferred | 1775 CE 1886 CE | ||
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184 | Chuuk - Late Truk | absent | Inferred | 1886 CE 1948 CE | ||
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185 | Beaker Culture | absent | Inferred | 3200 BCE 2000 BCE | ||
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186 | French Kingdom - Early Bourbon | present | Confident | 1589 CE 1660 CE | ||
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187 | French Kingdom - Late Bourbon | present | Confident | 1660 CE 1815 CE | ||
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188 | Proto-French Kingdom | present | Confident | 987 CE 1150 CE | ||
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189 | French Kingdom - Late Capetian | present | Confident | 1150 CE 1328 CE | ||
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190 | Carolingian Empire II | present | Confident | 840 CE 987 CE | ||
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191 | Hallstatt A-B1 | present | Inferred | 1000 BCE 900 BCE | ||
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192 | Hallstatt B2-3 | present | Inferred | 900 BCE 700 BCE | ||
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193 | Hallstatt C | present | Confident | 700 BCE 600 BCE | ||
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194 | Early Merovingian | present | Confident | 481 CE 543 CE | ||
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195 | Proto-Carolingian | present | Confident | 687 CE 751 CE | ||
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196 | Middle Merovingian | present | Confident | 543 CE 687 CE | ||
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197 | La Tene A-B1 | present | Confident | 475 BCE 325 BCE | ||
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198 | La Tene C2-D | present | Confident | 175 BCE 27 BCE | ||
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199 | Ubaid | absent | Inferred | 5500 BCE 4201 BCE | ||
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200 | French Kingdom - Early Valois | present | Confident | 1328 CE 1450 CE | ||
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201 | French Kingdom - Late Valois | present | Confident | 1450 CE 1589 CE | ||
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202 | Akan - Pre-Ashanti | present | Confident | 1501 CE 1701 CE | ||
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203 | Ashanti Empire | present | Inferred | 1701 CE 1895 CE | ||
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204 | The Emirate of Crete | present | Confident | 824 CE 961 CE | ||
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205 | Final Postpalatial Crete | present | Confident | 1200 BCE 1000 BCE | ||
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206 | Monopalatial Crete | present | Confident | 1450 BCE 1300 BCE | ||
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207 | Postpalatial Crete | present | Confident | 1300 BCE 1200 BCE | ||
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208 | Hawaii II | unknown | Suspected | 1200 CE 1580 CE | ||
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209 | Hawaii III | absent | Confident | 1580 CE 1778 CE | ||
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210 | Iban - Pre-Brooke | present | Confident | 1650 CE 1841 CE | ||
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211 | Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial | present | Confident | 1841 CE 1987 CE | ||
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212 | Elam - Kidinuid Period | present | Confident | 1500 BCE 1400 BCE | ||
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213 | Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic | absent | Confident | 5500 BCE 4000 BCE | ||
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214 | Kediri Kingdom | present | Inferred | 1049 CE 1222 CE | ||
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215 | Majapahit Kingdom | present | Inferred | 1292 CE 1518 CE | ||
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216 | Medang Kingdom | present | Inferred | 732 CE 1019 CE | ||
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217 | Yehuda | present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||
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218 | Kingdom of Ayodhya | present | Inferred | 64 BCE 34 CE | ||
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219 | Chalukyas of Badami | present | Confident | 543 CE 753 CE | ||
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220 | Deccan - Iron Age | present | Inferred | 1200 BCE 300 BCE | ||
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221 | Elam - Igihalkid Period | present | Confident | 1399 BCE 1200 BCE | ||
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222 | Post-Mauryan Kingdoms | present | Inferred | 205 BCE 101 BCE | ||
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223 | Delhi Sultanate | present | Inferred | 1206 CE 1526 CE | ||
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224 | Gahadavala Dynasty | present | Inferred | 1085 CE 1193 CE | ||
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225 | Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic | absent | Confident | 4000 BCE 3200 BCE | ||
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226 | Gupta Empire | present | Inferred | 320 CE 550 CE | ||
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227 | Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty | present | Inferred | 730 CE 1030 CE | ||
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228 | Hoysala Kingdom | present | Inferred | 1108 CE 1346 CE | ||
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229 | Kampili Kingdom | present | Inferred | 1280 CE 1327 CE | ||
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230 | Magadha | present | Inferred | 450 CE 605 CE | ||
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231 | Mahajanapada era | unknown | Suspected | 600 BCE 324 BCE | ||
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232 | Magadha - Maurya Empire | unknown | Suspected | 324 BCE 187 BCE | ||
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233 | Rashtrakuta Empire | present | Inferred | 753 CE 973 CE | ||
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234 | Satavahana Empire | present | Confident | 100 BCE 200 CE | ||
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235 | Elam I | present | Confident | 900 BCE 744 BCE | ||
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236 | Magadha - Sunga Empire | present | Inferred | 187 BCE 65 BCE | ||
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237 | Vakataka Kingdom | present | Confident | 255 CE 550 CE | ||
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238 | Oaxaca - San Jose | unknown | Suspected | 1150 BCE 700 BCE | ||
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239 | Vijayanagara Empire | present | Confident | 1336 CE 1646 CE | ||
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240 | Abbasid Caliphate II | present | Confident | 1191 CE 1258 CE | ||
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241 | Akkadian Empire | present | Confident | 2270 BCE 2083 BCE | ||
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242 | Neo-Assyrian Empire | present | Confident | 911 BCE 612 BCE | ||
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243 | Southern Mesopotamia Neolithic | absent | Inferred | 9000 BCE 5501 BCE | ||
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244 | Achaemenid Empire | present | Confident | 550 BCE 331 BCE | ||
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245 | Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar | absent | Confident | 7000 BCE 6000 BCE | ||
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246 | Elam - Awan Dynasty I | present | Inferred | 2675 BCE 2100 BCE | ||
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247 | Buyid Confederation | present | Confident | 932 CE 1062 CE | ||
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248 | Elymais II | present | Confident | 25 CE 215 CE | ||
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249 | Formative Period | absent | Confident | 7200 BCE 7000 BCE | ||
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250 | Ilkhanate | present | Confident | 1256 CE 1339 CE | ||
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251 | Susiana - Late Ubaid | absent | Confident | 4700 BCE 4300 BCE | ||
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252 | Elam II | present | Confident | 743 BCE 647 BCE | ||
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253 | Oaxaca - Tierras Largas | unknown | Suspected | 1400 BCE 1150 BCE | ||
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254 | Parthian Empire I | present | Confident | 247 BCE 40 CE | ||
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255 | Latium - Copper Age | absent | Confident | 3600 BCE 1800 BCE | ||
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256 | Ostrogothic Kingdom | present | Confident | 489 CE 554 CE | ||
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257 | Parthian Empire II | present | Confident | 41 CE 226 CE | ||
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258 | Qajar | present | Confident | 1794 CE 1925 CE | ||
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259 | Safavid Empire | present | Confident | 1501 CE 1722 CE | ||
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260 | Sasanid Empire I | present | Confident | 205 CE 487 CE | ||
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261 | Sasanid Empire II | present | Confident | 488 CE 642 CE | ||
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262 | Seljuk Sultanate | present | Confident | 1037 CE 1157 CE | ||
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263 | East Roman Empire | present | Confident | 395 CE 631 CE | ||
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264 | Elam - Shimashki Period | present | Confident | 2028 BCE 1940 BCE | ||
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265 | Elam - Early Sukkalmah | present | Confident | 1900 BCE 1701 BCE | ||
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266 | Elam - Late Sukkalmah | present | Confident | 1700 BCE 1500 BCE | ||
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267 | Susa II | absent | Confident | 3800 BCE 3100 BCE | ||
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268 | Susa III | absent | Inferred | 3100 BCE 2675 BCE | ||
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269 | Latium - Bronze Age | present | Inferred | 1800 BCE 900 BCE | ||
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270 | Rome - Republic of St Peter II | present | Confident | 904 CE 1198 CE | ||
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271 | Papal States - High Medieval Period | present | Confident | 1198 CE 1309 CE | ||
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272 | Papal States - Renaissance Period | present | Confident | 1378 CE 1527 CE | ||
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273 | Early Roman Republic | present | Inferred | 509 BCE 264 BCE | ||
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274 | Middle Roman Republic | present | Confident | 264 BCE 133 BCE | ||
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275 | Roman Kingdom | present | Confident | 716 BCE 509 BCE | ||
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276 | Nara Kingdom | present | Confident | 710 CE 794 CE | ||
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277 | Cuzco - Early Intermediate II | unknown | Confident | 500 CE 649 CE | ||
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278 | Inca Empire | present | Confident | 1375 CE 1532 CE | ||
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279 | Orokaiva - Colonial | absent | Confident | 1884 CE 1942 CE | ||
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280 | Republic of Venice III | present | Confident | 1204 CE 1563 CE | ||
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281 | Republic of Venice IV | present | Confident | 1564 CE 1797 CE | ||
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282 | Asuka | present | Confident | 538 CE 710 CE | ||
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283 | Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama | present | Confident | 1568 CE 1603 CE | ||
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284 | Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty | present | Inferred | 1493 CE 1591 CE | ||
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285 | Heian | present | Confident | 794 CE 1185 CE | ||
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286 | Japan - Late Jomon | absent | Confident | 2500 BCE 1200 BCE | ||
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287 | Japan - Final Jomon | absent | Confident | 1200 BCE 300 BCE | ||
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288 | Kamakura Shogunate | present | Confident | 1185 CE 1333 CE | ||
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289 | Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic | absent | Confident | 7500 BCE 5500 BCE | ||
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290 | Tokugawa Shogunate | present | Confident | 1603 CE 1868 CE | ||
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291 | Kansai - Yayoi Period | absent | Confident | 300 BCE 250 CE | ||
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292 | Kara-Khanids | present | Inferred | 950 CE 1212 CE | ||
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293 | Western Turk Khaganate | present | Inferred | 582 CE 630 CE | ||
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294 | Classical Angkor | present | Confident | 1100 CE 1220 CE | ||
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295 | Eastern Turk Khaganate | present | Inferred | 583 CE 630 CE | ||
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296 | Early Angkor | present | Confident | 802 CE 1100 CE | ||
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297 | Late Angkor | present | Confident | 1220 CE 1432 CE | ||
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298 | Khmer Kingdom | present | Confident | 1432 CE 1594 CE | ||
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299 | Chenla | present | Confident | 550 CE 825 CE | ||
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300 | Funan II | present | Confident | 540 CE 640 CE | ||
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301 | Bronze Age Cambodia | present | Confident | 500 BCE 224 CE | ||
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302 | Andronovo | present | Confident | 1800 BCE 1200 BCE | ||
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303 | Phoenician Empire | present | Confident | 1200 BCE 332 BCE | ||
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304 | Bamana kingdom | unknown | Suspected | 1712 CE 1861 CE | ||
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305 | Mali Empire | present | Inferred | 1230 CE 1410 CE | ||
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306 | Late Mongols | present | Inferred | 1368 CE 1690 CE | ||
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307 | Second Turk Khaganate | present | Inferred | 682 CE 744 CE | ||
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308 | Xianbei Confederation | present | Inferred | 100 CE 250 CE | ||
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309 | Later Wagadu Empire | present | Confident Uncertain | 1078 CE 1203 CE | ||
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310 | Later Wagadu Empire | absent | Confident Uncertain | 1078 CE 1203 CE | ||
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311 | Middle Wagadu Empire | present | Confident Uncertain | 700 CE 1077 CE | ||
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312 | Middle Wagadu Empire | absent | Confident Uncertain | 700 CE 1077 CE | ||
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313 | Early Monte Alban I | unknown | Suspected | 500 BCE 300 BCE | ||
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314 | Monte Alban Late I | unknown | Suspected | 300 BCE 100 BCE | ||
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315 | Monte Alban II | unknown | Suspected | 100 BCE 200 CE | ||
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316 | Monte Alban III | unknown | Suspected | 200 CE 500 CE | ||
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317 | Monte Alban V | absent | Confident | 900 CE 1520 CE | ||
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318 | Archaic Basin of Mexico | absent | Inferred | 6000 BCE 2001 BCE | ||
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319 | Classic Basin of Mexico | present | Confident | 100 CE 649 CE | ||
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320 | Epiclassic Basin of Mexico | present | Confident | 650 CE 899 CE | ||
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321 | Early Formative Basin of Mexico | absent | Inferred | 1200 BCE 801 BCE | ||
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322 | Late Formative Basin of Mexico | absent | Inferred | 400 BCE 101 BCE | ||
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323 | Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia | unknown | Suspected | 2000 BCE 1700 BCE | ||
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324 | Middle Formative Basin of Mexico | absent | Inferred | 800 BCE 401 BCE | ||
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325 | Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico | absent | Inferred | 100 BCE 99 CE | ||
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326 | Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico | present | Inferred | 1200 CE 1426 CE | ||
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327 | Oaxaca - Rosario | unknown | Suspected | 700 BCE 500 BCE | ||
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328 | Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period | absent | Confident | 1800 BCE 1300 BCE | ||
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329 | Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period | unknown | Suspected | 1300 BCE 500 BCE | ||
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330 | Kachi Plain - Urban Period I | absent | Confident | 2500 BCE 2100 BCE | ||
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331 | Kachi Plain - Urban Period II | absent | Confident | 2100 BCE 1800 BCE | ||
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332 | Sakha - Early | present | Confident | 1400 CE 1632 CE | ||
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333 | Sakha - Late | present | Confident | 1632 CE 1900 CE | ||
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334 | Umayyad Caliphate | present | Confident | 661 CE 750 CE | ||
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335 | Rattanakosin | present | Inferred | 1782 CE 1873 CE | ||
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336 | Fatimid Caliphate | present | Confident | 909 CE 1171 CE | ||
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337 | Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age | unknown | Suspected | 3000 BCE 2000 BCE | ||
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338 | Byzantine Empire I | present | Confident | 632 CE 866 CE | ||
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339 | Byzantine Empire II | present | Confident | 867 CE 1072 CE | ||
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340 | Late Cappadocia | present | Confident | 330 BCE 16 CE | ||
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341 | Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic | absent | Confident | 6000 BCE 5500 BCE | ||
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342 | Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic | absent | Inferred | 5500 BCE 3000 BCE | ||
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343 | Hatti - Old Kingdom | present | Confident | 1650 BCE 1500 BCE | ||
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344 | Kingdom of Lydia | present | Inferred | 670 BCE 546 BCE | ||
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345 | Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic | absent | Confident | 7000 BCE 6600 BCE | ||
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||||||
346 | Konya Plain - Early Neolithic | absent | Confident | 9600 BCE 7000 BCE | ||
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||||||
347 | Konya Plain - Late Neolithic | absent | Confident | 6600 BCE 6000 BCE | ||
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348 | Koktepe II | present | Inferred | 750 BCE 550 BCE | ||
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349 | Neo-Hittite Kingdoms | present | Inferred | 1180 BCE 900 BCE | ||
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350 | Ottoman Empire II | present | Confident | 1517 CE 1683 CE | ||
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351 | Phrygian Kingdom | present | Confident | 900 BCE 695 BCE | ||
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352 | Rum Sultanate | present | Confident | 1077 CE 1307 CE | ||
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353 | Tabal Kingdoms | present | Confident | 900 BCE 730 BCE | ||
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354 | Early Illinois Confederation | absent | Inferred | 1640 CE 1717 CE | ||
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355 | Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early | present | Confident | 1566 CE 1713 CE | ||
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356 | Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late | present | Confident | 1714 CE 1848 CE | ||
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357 | Cahokia - Sand Prairie | absent | Confident | 1275 CE 1400 CE | ||
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358 | Oneota | absent | Inferred | 1400 CE 1650 CE | ||
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359 | Chagatai Khanate | present | Confident | 1263 CE 1402 CE | ||
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360 | Khanate of Bukhara | present | Inferred | 1599 CE 1747 CE | ||
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361 | Ancient Khwarazm | unknown | Suspected | 1000 BCE 521 BCE | ||
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362 | Samanid Empire | present | Inferred | 819 CE 999 CE | ||
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363 | Sogdiana - City-States Period | present | Inferred | 604 CE 711 CE | ||
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364 | Timurid Empire | present | Confident | 1370 CE 1526 CE | ||
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365 | Himyar II | present | Inferred | 378 CE 525 CE | ||
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366 | Yemen - Late Bronze Age | absent | Inferred | 1200 BCE 801 BCE | ||
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367 | Neolithic Yemen | absent | Inferred | 3500 BCE 1201 BCE | ||
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368 | Yemen - Era of Warlords | present | Inferred | 1038 CE 1174 CE | ||
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369 | British Empire IIIIIIIIII | present | Confident | 1850 CE 1968 CE | ||
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370 | Yemen Ziyad Dynasty | present | Inferred | 822 CE 1037 CE | ||
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371 | Kidarite Kingdom | present | Confident | 388 CE 477 CE | ||
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372 | Yisrael | present | Confident | 1030 BCE 722 BCE | ||
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373 | Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty | present | Inferred | 1454 CE 1517 CE | ||
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374 | Jin Dynasty | present | Confident | 1115 CE 1234 CE | ||
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375 | Great Yuan | present | Confident | 1271 CE 1368 CE | ||
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