Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Settlements in a Defensive Position

The absence or presence of settlements in a defensive position as a military technology used in warfare. settlements in a location that was clearly chosen for defensive reasons. e.g. on a hill top, peninsula.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
settlements_in_a_defensive_position The absence or presence of settlements in a defensive position for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity   Home NGA     Year(s)   Settlements in a Defensive Position Confidence   Disputed   Expert   Edit
1
Early Formative Basin of Mexico
Basin of Mexico Full Year Range of Early Formative Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[-1200, -801]
present
Confident No Edit
2
Middle Formative Basin of Mexico
Basin of Mexico Full Year Range of Middle Formative Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[-800, -401]
present
Confident No Edit
3
Late Formative Basin of Mexico
Basin of Mexico Full Year Range of Late Formative Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[-400, -101]
present
Confident No Edit
4
Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico
Basin of Mexico Full Year Range of Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[-100, 99]
present
Confident No Edit
5
Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico
Basin of Mexico Full Year Range of Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[1200, 1426]
absent
Confident No Edit
6
Aztec Empire
Basin of Mexico Full Year Range of Aztec Empire is assumed.
[1427, 1526]
present
Confident No Edit
7
Hawaii I
Big Island Hawaii Full Year Range of Hawaii I is assumed.
[1000, 1200]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
8
Hawaii II
Big Island Hawaii Full Year Range of Hawaii II is assumed.
[1200, 1580]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
9
Hawaii III
Big Island Hawaii Full Year Range of Hawaii III is assumed.
[1580, 1778]
present
Confident No Edit
10
Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period
Big Island Hawaii Full Year Range of Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period is assumed.
[1778, 1819]
present
Inferred No Edit
11
Cahokia - Early Woodland
Cahokia Full Year Range of Cahokia - Early Woodland is assumed.
[-600, -150]
absent
Confident No Edit
12
Cahokia - Middle Woodland
Cahokia Full Year Range of Cahokia - Middle Woodland is assumed.
[-150, 300]
absent
Confident No Edit
13
Cahokia - Late Woodland I
Cahokia Full Year Range of Cahokia - Late Woodland I is assumed.
[300, 450]
absent
Confident No Edit
14
Cahokia - Late Woodland II
Cahokia Full Year Range of Cahokia - Late Woodland II is assumed.
[450, 600]
absent
Confident No Edit
15
Cahokia - Late Woodland III
Cahokia Full Year Range of Cahokia - Late Woodland III is assumed.
[600, 750]
absent
Confident No Edit
16
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I
Cahokia Full Year Range of Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I is assumed.
[750, 900]
absent
Confident No Edit
17
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II
Cahokia Full Year Range of Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II is assumed.
[900, 1049]
absent
Confident No Edit
18
Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling
Cahokia Full Year Range of Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling is assumed.
[1055, 1199]
absent
Confident No Edit
19
Cahokia - Moorehead
Cahokia Full Year Range of Cahokia - Moorehead is assumed.
[1200, 1274]
absent
Confident No Edit
20
Cahokia - Sand Prairie
Cahokia Full Year Range of Cahokia - Sand Prairie is assumed.
[1275, 1400]
absent
Confident No Edit
21
Oneota
Cahokia Full Year Range of Oneota is assumed.
[1400, 1650]
present
Confident No Edit
22
Early Illinois Confederation
Cahokia Full Year Range of Early Illinois Confederation is assumed.
[1640, 1717]
absent
Inferred No Edit
23
Funan I
Cambodian Basin Full Year Range of Funan I is assumed.
[225, 540]
present
Inferred No Edit
24
Funan II
Cambodian Basin Full Year Range of Funan II is assumed.
[540, 640]
present
Inferred No Edit
25
Chenla
Cambodian Basin Full Year Range of Chenla is assumed.
[550, 825]
present
Confident No Edit
26
Early Angkor
Cambodian Basin Full Year Range of Early Angkor is assumed.
[802, 1100]
present
Confident No Edit
27
Classical Angkor
Cambodian Basin Full Year Range of Classical Angkor is assumed.
[1100, 1220]
present
Confident No Edit
28
Late Angkor
Cambodian Basin Full Year Range of Late Angkor is assumed.
[1220, 1432]
present
Inferred No Edit
29
Khmer Kingdom
Cambodian Basin Full Year Range of Khmer Kingdom is assumed.
[1432, 1594]
present
Confident No Edit
30
Ayutthaya
Cambodian Basin Full Year Range of Ayutthaya is assumed.
[1593, 1767]
present
Confident No Edit
31
Rattanakosin
Cambodian Basin Full Year Range of Rattanakosin is assumed.
[1782, 1873]
present
Confident No Edit
32
Java - Buni Culture
Central Java Full Year Range of Java - Buni Culture is assumed.
[-400, 500]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
33
Kalingga Kingdom
Central Java Full Year Range of Kalingga Kingdom is assumed.
[500, 732]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
34
Medang Kingdom
Central Java Full Year Range of Medang Kingdom is assumed.
[732, 1019]
present
Confident No Edit
35
Kediri Kingdom
Central Java Full Year Range of Kediri Kingdom is assumed.
[1049, 1222]
absent
Inferred No Edit
36
Majapahit Kingdom
Central Java Full Year Range of Majapahit Kingdom is assumed.
[1292, 1518]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
37
Mataram Sultanate
Central Java Full Year Range of Mataram Sultanate is assumed.
[1568, 1703]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
38
Chuuk - Early Truk
Chuuk Islands Full Year Range of Chuuk - Early Truk is assumed.
[1775, 1886]
present
Confident No Edit
39
Chuuk - Late Truk
Chuuk Islands Full Year Range of Chuuk - Late Truk is assumed.
[1886, 1948]
present
Confident No Edit
40
Neolithic Crete
Crete Full Year Range of Neolithic Crete is assumed.
[-7000, -3000]
present
Confident No Edit
41
Prepalatial Crete
Crete Full Year Range of Prepalatial Crete is assumed.
[-3000, -1900]
present
Confident No Edit
42
Old Palace Crete
Crete Full Year Range of Old Palace Crete is assumed.
[-1900, -1700]
present
Confident No Edit
43
New Palace Crete
Crete Full Year Range of New Palace Crete is assumed.
[-1700, -1450]
present
Confident No Edit
44
Final Postpalatial Crete
Crete Full Year Range of Final Postpalatial Crete is assumed.
[-1200, -1000]
present
Confident No Edit
45
Geometric Crete
Crete Full Year Range of Geometric Crete is assumed.
[-1000, -710]
present
Confident No Edit
46
Archaic Crete
Crete Full Year Range of Archaic Crete is assumed.
[-710, -500]
present
Confident No Edit
47
Classical Crete
Crete Full Year Range of Classical Crete is assumed.
[-500, -323]
present
Confident No Edit
48
Hellenistic Crete
Crete Full Year Range of Hellenistic Crete is assumed.
[-323, -69]
present
Confident No Edit
49
Byzantine Empire III
Crete Full Year Range of Byzantine Empire III is assumed.
[1073, 1204]
present
Confident No Edit
50
Republic of Venice III
Crete Full Year Range of Republic of Venice III is assumed.
[1204, 1563]
present
Confident No Edit
51
Republic of Venice IV
Crete Full Year Range of Republic of Venice IV is assumed.
[1564, 1797]
present
Confident No Edit
52
Cuzco - Late Formative
Cuzco Full Year Range of Cuzco - Late Formative is assumed.
[-500, 200]
present
Confident No Edit
53
Cuzco - Early Intermediate I
Cuzco 200 CE 399 CE
present
Inferred No Edit
54
Cuzco - Early Intermediate I
Cuzco 400 CE 500 CE
present
Confident No Edit
55
Cuzco - Early Intermediate II
Cuzco Full Year Range of Cuzco - Early Intermediate II is assumed.
[500, 649]
present
Confident No Edit
56
Wari Empire
Cuzco Full Year Range of Wari Empire is assumed.
[650, 999]
present
Confident No Edit
57
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I
Cuzco Full Year Range of Cuzco - Late Intermediate I is assumed.
[1000, 1250]
present
Confident No Edit
58
Cuzco - Late Intermediate II
Cuzco Full Year Range of Cuzco - Late Intermediate II is assumed.
[1250, 1400]
present
Confident No Edit
59
Inca Empire
Cuzco Full Year Range of Inca Empire is assumed.
[1375, 1532]
present
Confident No Edit
60
Spanish Empire I
Cuzco Full Year Range of Spanish Empire I is assumed.
[1516, 1715]
present
Confident No Edit
61
Deccan - Neolithic
Deccan 2700 BCE 1701 BCE
absent
Confident No Edit
62
Deccan - Neolithic
Deccan 1700 BCE 1200 BCE
unknown
Suspected No Edit
63
Deccan - Iron Age
Deccan Full Year Range of Deccan - Iron Age is assumed.
[-1200, -300]
present
Confident No Edit
64
Post-Mauryan Kingdoms
Deccan Full Year Range of Post-Mauryan Kingdoms is assumed.
[-205, -101]
present
Confident No Edit
65
Satavahana Empire
Deccan Full Year Range of Satavahana Empire is assumed.
[-100, 203]
present
Confident No Edit
66
Vakataka Kingdom
Deccan Full Year Range of Vakataka Kingdom is assumed.
[255, 550]
present
Confident No Edit
67
Kadamba Empire
Deccan Full Year Range of Kadamba Empire is assumed.
[345, 550]
present
Confident No Edit
68
Chalukyas of Badami
Deccan Full Year Range of Chalukyas of Badami is assumed.
[543, 753]
present
Confident No Edit
69
Rashtrakuta Empire
Deccan Full Year Range of Rashtrakuta Empire is assumed.
[753, 973]
present
Confident No Edit
70
Chalukyas of Kalyani
Deccan Full Year Range of Chalukyas of Kalyani is assumed.
[973, 1189]
present
Confident No Edit
71
Hoysala Kingdom
Deccan Full Year Range of Hoysala Kingdom is assumed.
[1108, 1346]
present
Confident No Edit
72
Kampili Kingdom
Deccan Full Year Range of Kampili Kingdom is assumed.
[1280, 1327]
present
Confident No Edit
73
Vijayanagara Empire
Deccan Full Year Range of Vijayanagara Empire is assumed.
[1336, 1646]
present
Confident No Edit
74
British Empire II
Deccan Full Year Range of British Empire II is assumed.
[1850, 1968]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
75
Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy
Finger Lakes Full Year Range of Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy is assumed.
[1300, 1565]
present
Confident No Edit
76
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
Finger Lakes Full Year Range of Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early is assumed.
[1566, 1713]
present
Confident No Edit
77
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
Finger Lakes Full Year Range of Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late is assumed.
[1714, 1848]
present
Confident No Edit
78
Canaan
Galilee Full Year Range of Canaan is assumed.
[-2000, -1175]
present
Confident No Edit
79
Phoenician Empire
Galilee Full Year Range of Phoenician Empire is assumed.
[-1200, -332]
unknown
Confident No Edit
80
Yisrael
Galilee Full Year Range of Yisrael is assumed.
[-1030, -722]
present
Confident No Edit
81
Yehuda
Galilee Full Year Range of Yehuda is assumed.
[-141, -63]
present
Confident No Edit
82
Early A'chik
Garo Hills Full Year Range of Early A'chik is assumed.
[1775, 1867]
present
Confident No Edit
83
Late A'chik
Garo Hills Full Year Range of Late A'chik is assumed.
[1867, 1956]
present
Confident No Edit
84
Akan - Pre-Ashanti
Ghanaian Coast Full Year Range of Akan - Pre-Ashanti is assumed.
[1501, 1701]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
85
Ashanti Empire
Ghanaian Coast Full Year Range of Ashanti Empire is assumed.
[1701, 1895]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
86
Icelandic Commonwealth
Iceland Full Year Range of Icelandic Commonwealth is assumed.
[930, 1262]
present
Inferred No Edit
87
Kingdom of Norway II
Iceland Full Year Range of Kingdom of Norway II is assumed.
[1262, 1396]
present
Inferred No Edit
88
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic
Kachi Plain Full Year Range of Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic is assumed.
[-7500, -5500]
absent
Inferred No Edit
89
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
Kachi Plain Full Year Range of Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic is assumed.
[-5500, -4000]
absent
Inferred No Edit
90
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic
Kachi Plain Full Year Range of Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic is assumed.
[-4000, -3200]
absent
Inferred No Edit
91
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period
Kachi Plain Full Year Range of Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period is assumed.
[-3200, -2500]
absent
Inferred No Edit
92
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period
Kachi Plain Full Year Range of Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period is assumed.
[-1800, -1300]
absent
Inferred No Edit
93
Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period
Kachi Plain Full Year Range of Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period is assumed.
[-1300, -500]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
94
Indo-Greek Kingdom
Kachi Plain Full Year Range of Indo-Greek Kingdom is assumed.
[-180, -10]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
95
Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period
Kachi Plain Full Year Range of Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period is assumed.
[854, 1193]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
96
Ghur Principality
Kachi Plain Full Year Range of Ghur Principality is assumed.
[1025, 1215]
present
Inferred No Edit
97
Delhi Sultanate
Kachi Plain Full Year Range of Delhi Sultanate is assumed.
[1206, 1526]
present
Confident No Edit
98
Sind - Samma Dynasty
Kachi Plain Full Year Range of Sind - Samma Dynasty is assumed.
[1335, 1521]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
99
Mughal Empire
Kachi Plain Full Year Range of Mughal Empire is assumed.
[1526, 1858]
present
Inferred No Edit
100
Durrani Empire
Kachi Plain Full Year Range of Durrani Empire is assumed.
[1747, 1826]
present
Inferred No Edit
101
Japan - Incipient Jomon
Kansai Full Year Range of Japan - Incipient Jomon is assumed.
[-13600, -9200]
absent
Confident No Edit
102
Japan - Initial Jomon
Kansai Full Year Range of Japan - Initial Jomon is assumed.
[-9200, -5300]
absent
Confident No Edit
103
Japan - Early Jomon
Kansai Full Year Range of Japan - Early Jomon is assumed.
[-5300, -3500]
absent
Confident No Edit
104
Japan - Middle Jomon
Kansai Full Year Range of Japan - Middle Jomon is assumed.
[-3500, -2500]
absent
Confident No Edit
105
Japan - Late Jomon
Kansai Full Year Range of Japan - Late Jomon is assumed.
[-2500, -1200]
absent
Confident No Edit
106
Japan - Final Jomon
Kansai Full Year Range of Japan - Final Jomon is assumed.
[-1200, -300]
absent
Confident No Edit
107
Kansai - Yayoi Period
Kansai Full Year Range of Kansai - Yayoi Period is assumed.
[-300, 250]
present
Confident No Edit
108
Kansai - Kofun Period
Kansai Full Year Range of Kansai - Kofun Period is assumed.
[250, 537]
present
Confident No Edit
109
Asuka
Kansai Full Year Range of Asuka is assumed.
[538, 710]
present
Confident No Edit
110
Heian
Kansai Full Year Range of Heian is assumed.
[794, 1185]
present
Confident No Edit
111
Kamakura Shogunate
Kansai Full Year Range of Kamakura Shogunate is assumed.
[1185, 1333]
present
Confident No Edit
112
Ashikaga Shogunate
Kansai Full Year Range of Ashikaga Shogunate is assumed.
[1336, 1467]
present
Confident No Edit
113
Warring States Japan
Kansai Full Year Range of Warring States Japan is assumed.
[1467, 1568]
present
Confident No Edit
114
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama
Kansai Full Year Range of Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama is assumed.
[1568, 1603]
present
Confident No Edit
115
Tokugawa Shogunate
Kansai Full Year Range of Tokugawa Shogunate is assumed.
[1603, 1868]
present
Confident No Edit
116
Iban - Pre-Brooke
Kapuasi Basin Full Year Range of Iban - Pre-Brooke is assumed.
[1650, 1841]
present
Confident No Edit
117
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
Kapuasi Basin Full Year Range of Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial is assumed.
[1841, 1987]
present
Confident No Edit
118
Konya Plain - Early Neolithic
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Konya Plain - Early Neolithic is assumed.
[-9600, -7000]
absent
Confident No Edit
119
Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic is assumed.
[-7000, -6600]
present
Confident No Edit
120
Konya Plain - Late Neolithic
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Konya Plain - Late Neolithic is assumed.
[-6600, -6000]
present
Confident No Edit
121
Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic is assumed.
[-6000, -5500]
present
Confident No Edit
122
Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic is assumed.
[-5500, -3000]
present
Confident No Edit
123
Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age is assumed.
[-3000, -2000]
present
Inferred No Edit
124
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia is assumed.
[-2000, -1700]
present
Confident No Edit
125
Hatti - Old Kingdom
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Hatti - Old Kingdom is assumed.
[-1650, -1500]
present
Confident No Edit
126
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II is assumed.
[-1500, -1400]
present
Confident No Edit
127
Hatti - New Kingdom
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Hatti - New Kingdom is assumed.
[-1400, -1180]
present
Confident No Edit
128
Neo-Hittite Kingdoms
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Neo-Hittite Kingdoms is assumed.
[-1180, -900]
present
Confident No Edit
129
Tabal Kingdoms
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Tabal Kingdoms is assumed.
[-900, -730]
present
Confident No Edit
130
Phrygian Kingdom
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Phrygian Kingdom is assumed.
[-900, -695]
present
Confident No Edit
131
Kingdom of Lydia
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Kingdom of Lydia is assumed.
[-670, -546]
present
Confident No Edit
132
Lysimachus Kingdom
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Lysimachus Kingdom is assumed.
[-323, -281]
present
Inferred No Edit
133
Late Cappadocia
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Late Cappadocia is assumed.
[-322, -93]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
134
Roman Empire - Dominate
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Roman Empire - Dominate is assumed.
[285, 394]
present
Confident No Edit
135
East Roman Empire
Konya Plain Full Year Range of East Roman Empire is assumed.
[395, 631]
present
Confident No Edit
136
Byzantine Empire I
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Byzantine Empire I is assumed.
[632, 866]
present
Confident No Edit
137
Byzantine Empire II
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Byzantine Empire II is assumed.
[867, 1072]
present
Confident No Edit
138
Rum Sultanate
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Rum Sultanate is assumed.
[1077, 1307]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
139
Ottoman Emirate
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Ottoman Emirate is assumed.
[1299, 1402]
present
Confident No Edit
140
Ottoman Empire I
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Ottoman Empire I is assumed.
[1402, 1517]
present
Confident No Edit
141
Ottoman Empire II
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Ottoman Empire II is assumed.
[1517, 1683]
present
Confident No Edit
142
Ottoman Empire III
Konya Plain Full Year Range of Ottoman Empire III is assumed.
[1683, 1839]
present
Confident No Edit
143
Latium - Copper Age
Latium Full Year Range of Latium - Copper Age is assumed.
[-3600, -1800]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
144
Latium - Bronze Age
Latium Full Year Range of Latium - Bronze Age is assumed.
[-1800, -900]
present
Confident No Edit
145
Latium - Iron Age
Latium Full Year Range of Latium - Iron Age is assumed.
[-1000, -580]
present
Confident No Edit
146
Roman Kingdom
Latium Full Year Range of Roman Kingdom is assumed.
[-716, -509]
present
Inferred No Edit
147
Early Roman Republic
Latium Full Year Range of Early Roman Republic is assumed.
[-509, -264]
present
Confident No Edit
148
Middle Roman Republic
Latium Full Year Range of Middle Roman Republic is assumed.
[-264, -133]
present
Confident No Edit
149
Late Roman Republic
Latium Full Year Range of Late Roman Republic is assumed.
[-133, -31]
present
Confident No Edit
150
Roman Empire - Principate
Latium Full Year Range of Roman Empire - Principate is assumed.
[-31, 284]
present
Confident No Edit
151
Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity
Latium Full Year Range of Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity is assumed.
[395, 476]
present
Confident No Edit
152
Ostrogothic Kingdom
Latium Full Year Range of Ostrogothic Kingdom is assumed.
[489, 554]
present
Confident No Edit
153
Exarchate of Ravenna
Latium Full Year Range of Exarchate of Ravenna is assumed.
[568, 751]
present
Confident No Edit
154
Republic of St Peter I
Latium Full Year Range of Republic of St Peter I is assumed.
[711, 904]
present
Confident No Edit
155
Rome - Republic of St Peter II
Latium Full Year Range of Rome - Republic of St Peter II is assumed.
[904, 1198]
present
Confident No Edit
156
Papal States - High Medieval Period
Latium Full Year Range of Papal States - High Medieval Period is assumed.
[1198, 1309]
present
Confident No Edit
157
Papal States - Renaissance Period
Latium Full Year Range of Papal States - Renaissance Period is assumed.
[1378, 1527]
present
Confident No Edit
158
Papal States - Medieval Period I
Latium Full Year Range of Papal States - Medieval Period I is assumed.
[1527, 1648]
present
Confident No Edit
159
Papal States - Medieval Period II
Latium Full Year Range of Papal States - Medieval Period II is assumed.
[1648, 1809]
present
Confident No Edit
160
Sakha - Early
Lena River Valley Full Year Range of Sakha - Early is assumed.
[1400, 1632]
absent
Confident No Edit
161
Sakha - Late
Lena River Valley Full Year Range of Sakha - Late is assumed.
[1632, 1900]
absent
Confident No Edit
162
Shuar - Colonial
Lowland Andes Full Year Range of Shuar - Colonial is assumed.
[1534, 1830]
present
Confident No Edit
163
Shuar - Ecuadorian
Lowland Andes Full Year Range of Shuar - Ecuadorian is assumed.
[1831, 1931]
present
Confident No Edit
164
Neolithic Middle Ganga
Middle Ganga Full Year Range of Neolithic Middle Ganga is assumed.
[-7000, -3001]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
165
Mahajanapada era
Middle Ganga Full Year Range of Mahajanapada era is assumed.
[-600, -324]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
166
Magadha - Maurya Empire
Middle Ganga Full Year Range of Magadha - Maurya Empire is assumed.
[-324, -187]
present
Confident No Edit
167
Magadha - Sunga Empire
Middle Ganga Full Year Range of Magadha - Sunga Empire is assumed.
[-187, -65]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
168
Kingdom of Ayodhya
Middle Ganga Full Year Range of Kingdom of Ayodhya is assumed.
[-64, 34]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
169
Gupta Empire
Middle Ganga Full Year Range of Gupta Empire is assumed.
[320, 550]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
170
Magadha
Middle Ganga Full Year Range of Magadha is assumed.
[450, 605]
present
Inferred No Edit
171
Kannauj - Varman Dynasty
Middle Ganga Full Year Range of Kannauj - Varman Dynasty is assumed.
[650, 780]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
172
Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty
Middle Ganga Full Year Range of Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty is assumed.
[730, 1030]
present
Inferred No Edit
173
Gahadavala Dynasty
Middle Ganga Full Year Range of Gahadavala Dynasty is assumed.
[1085, 1193]
present
Inferred No Edit
174
Yangshao
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Yangshao is assumed.
[-5000, -3000]
present
Confident No Edit
175
Longshan
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Longshan is assumed.
[-3000, -1900]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
176
Erlitou
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Erlitou is assumed.
[-1850, -1600]
present
Confident No Edit
177
Erligang
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Erligang is assumed.
[-1650, -1250]
present
Confident No Edit
178
Late Shang
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Late Shang is assumed.
[-1250, -1045]
present
Confident No Edit
179
Western Zhou
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Western Zhou is assumed.
[-1122, -771]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
180
Jin
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Jin is assumed.
[-780, -404]
present
Confident No Edit
181
Early Wei Dynasty
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Early Wei Dynasty is assumed.
[-445, -225]
present
Confident No Edit
182
Western Han Empire
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Western Han Empire is assumed.
[-202, 9]
present
Confident No Edit
183
Eastern Han Empire
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Eastern Han Empire is assumed.
[25, 220]
present
Confident No Edit
184
Western Jin
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Western Jin is assumed.
[265, 317]
present
Confident No Edit
185
Northern Wei
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Northern Wei is assumed.
[386, 534]
present
Confident No Edit
186
Sui Dynasty
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Sui Dynasty is assumed.
[581, 618]
present
Confident No Edit
187
Tang Dynasty I
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Tang Dynasty I is assumed.
[617, 763]
present
Confident No Edit
188
Tang Dynasty II
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Tang Dynasty II is assumed.
[763, 907]
present
Confident No Edit
189
Northern Song
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Northern Song is assumed.
[960, 1127]
present
Confident No Edit
190
Jin Dynasty
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Jin Dynasty is assumed.
[1115, 1234]
present
Confident No Edit
191
Great Yuan
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Great Yuan is assumed.
[1271, 1368]
present
Inferred No Edit
192
Great Ming
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Great Ming is assumed.
[1368, 1644]
present
Confident No Edit
193
Early Qing
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Early Qing is assumed.
[1644, 1796]
present
Confident No Edit
194
Late Qing
Middle Yellow River Valley Full Year Range of Late Qing is assumed.
[1796, 1912]
present
Confident No Edit
195
Jenne-jeno I
Niger Inland Delta Full Year Range of Jenne-jeno I is assumed.
[-250, 49]
absent
Inferred No Edit
196
Jenne-jeno II
Niger Inland Delta Full Year Range of Jenne-jeno II is assumed.
[50, 399]
absent
Confident No Edit
197
Jenne-jeno III
Niger Inland Delta Full Year Range of Jenne-jeno III is assumed.
[400, 899]
absent
Inferred No Edit
198
Middle Wagadu Empire
Niger Inland Delta Full Year Range of Middle Wagadu Empire is assumed.
[700, 1077]
present
Confident No Edit
199
Jenne-jeno IV
Niger Inland Delta Full Year Range of Jenne-jeno IV is assumed.
[900, 1300]
absent
Confident No Edit
200
Later Wagadu Empire
Niger Inland Delta Full Year Range of Later Wagadu Empire is assumed.
[1078, 1203]
present
Confident No Edit
201
Mali Empire
Niger Inland Delta Full Year Range of Mali Empire is assumed.
[1230, 1410]
absent
Inferred No Edit
202
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty
Niger Inland Delta Full Year Range of Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty is assumed.
[1493, 1591]
present
Inferred No Edit
203
Saadi Sultanate
Niger Inland Delta Full Year Range of Saadi Sultanate is assumed.
[1554, 1659]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
204
Segou Kingdom
Niger Inland Delta Full Year Range of Segou Kingdom is assumed.
[1650, 1712]
present
Inferred No Edit
205
Bamana kingdom
Niger Inland Delta Full Year Range of Bamana kingdom is assumed.
[1712, 1861]
present
Inferred No Edit
206
Neguanje
North Colombia Full Year Range of Neguanje is assumed.
[250, 1050]
present
Inferred No Edit
207
Tairona
North Colombia Full Year Range of Tairona is assumed.
[1050, 1524]
present
Confident No Edit
208
Early Xiongnu
Orkhon Valley Full Year Range of Early Xiongnu is assumed.
[-1400, -300]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
209
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation
Orkhon Valley Full Year Range of Xiongnu Imperial Confederation is assumed.
[-209, -60]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
210
Late Xiongnu
Orkhon Valley Full Year Range of Late Xiongnu is assumed.
[-60, 100]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
211
Xianbei Confederation
Orkhon Valley Full Year Range of Xianbei Confederation is assumed.
[100, 250]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
212
Rouran Khaganate
Orkhon Valley Full Year Range of Rouran Khaganate is assumed.
[300, 555]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
213
Eastern Turk Khaganate
Orkhon Valley Full Year Range of Eastern Turk Khaganate is assumed.
[583, 630]
absent
Confident No Edit
214
Shiwei
Orkhon Valley Full Year Range of Shiwei is assumed.
[600, 1000]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
215
Second Turk Khaganate
Orkhon Valley Full Year Range of Second Turk Khaganate is assumed.
[682, 744]
absent
Confident No Edit
216
Uigur Khaganate
Orkhon Valley Full Year Range of Uigur Khaganate is assumed.
[745, 840]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
217
Khitan I
Orkhon Valley Full Year Range of Khitan I is assumed.
[907, 1125]
present
Confident No Edit
218
Early Mongols
Orkhon Valley Full Year Range of Early Mongols is assumed.
[1000, 1206]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
219
Mongol Empire
Orkhon Valley Full Year Range of Mongol Empire is assumed.
[1206, 1368]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
220
Late Mongols
Orkhon Valley Full Year Range of Late Mongols is assumed.
[1368, 1690]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
221
Zungharian Empire
Orkhon Valley Full Year Range of Zungharian Empire is assumed.
[1670, 1757]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
222
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial
Oro PNG Full Year Range of Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial is assumed.
[1734, 1883]
present
Confident No Edit
223
Orokaiva - Colonial
Oro PNG Full Year Range of Orokaiva - Colonial is assumed.
[1884, 1942]
present
Confident No Edit
224
Beaker Culture
Paris Basin Full Year Range of Beaker Culture is assumed.
[-3200, -2000]
present
Confident No Edit
225
Atlantic Complex
Paris Basin Full Year Range of Atlantic Complex is assumed.
[-2200, -1000]
present
Inferred No Edit
226
Hallstatt A-B1
Paris Basin Full Year Range of Hallstatt A-B1 is assumed.
[-1000, -900]
present
Inferred No Edit
227
Hallstatt B2-3
Paris Basin Full Year Range of Hallstatt B2-3 is assumed.
[-900, -700]
present
Inferred No Edit
228
Hallstatt C
Paris Basin Full Year Range of Hallstatt C is assumed.
[-700, -600]
present
Inferred No Edit
229
Hallstatt D
Paris Basin Full Year Range of Hallstatt D is assumed.
[-600, -475]
present
Confident No Edit
230
La Tene A-B1
Paris Basin Full Year Range of La Tene A-B1 is assumed.
[-475, -325]
present
Inferred No Edit
231
La Tene B2-C1
Paris Basin Full Year Range of La Tene B2-C1 is assumed.
[-325, -175]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
232
La Tene C2-D
Paris Basin Full Year Range of La Tene C2-D is assumed.
[-175, -27]
present
Confident No Edit
233
Early Merovingian
Paris Basin Full Year Range of Early Merovingian is assumed.
[481, 543]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
234
Middle Merovingian
Paris Basin Full Year Range of Middle Merovingian is assumed.
[543, 687]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
235
Proto-Carolingian
Paris Basin Full Year Range of Proto-Carolingian is assumed.
[687, 751]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
236
Carolingian Empire I
Paris Basin Full Year Range of Carolingian Empire I is assumed.
[752, 840]
present
Confident No Edit
237
Carolingian Empire II
Paris Basin Full Year Range of Carolingian Empire II is assumed.
[840, 987]
present
Confident No Edit
238
Proto-French Kingdom
Paris Basin Full Year Range of Proto-French Kingdom is assumed.
[987, 1150]
present
Confident No Edit
239
French Kingdom - Late Capetian
Paris Basin Full Year Range of French Kingdom - Late Capetian is assumed.
[1150, 1328]
present
Confident No Edit
240
French Kingdom - Early Valois
Paris Basin Full Year Range of French Kingdom - Early Valois is assumed.
[1328, 1450]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
241
French Kingdom - Late Valois
Paris Basin Full Year Range of French Kingdom - Late Valois is assumed.
[1450, 1589]
present
Inferred No Edit
242
French Kingdom - Early Bourbon
Paris Basin Full Year Range of French Kingdom - Early Bourbon is assumed.
[1589, 1660]
present
Inferred No Edit
243
French Kingdom - Late Bourbon
Paris Basin Full Year Range of French Kingdom - Late Bourbon is assumed.
[1660, 1815]
present
Confident No Edit
244
Sarazm
Sogdiana Full Year Range of Sarazm is assumed.
[-3500, -2000]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
245
Andronovo
Sogdiana Full Year Range of Andronovo is assumed.
[-1800, -1200]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
246
Koktepe I
Sogdiana Full Year Range of Koktepe I is assumed.
[-1400, -1000]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
247
Ancient Khwarazm
Sogdiana Full Year Range of Ancient Khwarazm is assumed.
[-1000, -521]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
248
Koktepe II
Sogdiana Full Year Range of Koktepe II is assumed.
[-750, -550]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
249
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
Sogdiana Full Year Range of Greco-Bactrian Kingdom is assumed.
[-256, -125]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
250
Tocharians
Sogdiana Full Year Range of Tocharians is assumed.
[-129, 29]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
251
Kushan Empire
Sogdiana Full Year Range of Kushan Empire is assumed.
[35, 319]
present
Confident No Edit
252
Kidarite Kingdom
Sogdiana Full Year Range of Kidarite Kingdom is assumed.
[388, 477]
present
Confident No Edit
253
Hephthalites
Sogdiana Full Year Range of Hephthalites is assumed.
[408, 561]
present
Inferred No Edit
254
Western Turk Khaganate
Sogdiana Full Year Range of Western Turk Khaganate is assumed.
[582, 630]
absent
Confident No Edit
255
Sogdiana - City-States Period
Sogdiana Full Year Range of Sogdiana - City-States Period is assumed.
[604, 711]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
256
Samanid Empire
Sogdiana Full Year Range of Samanid Empire is assumed.
[819, 999]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
257
Kara-Khanids
Sogdiana Full Year Range of Kara-Khanids is assumed.
[950, 1212]
present
Inferred No Edit
258
Chagatai Khanate
Sogdiana Full Year Range of Chagatai Khanate is assumed.
[1263, 1402]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
259
Timurid Empire
Sogdiana Full Year Range of Timurid Empire is assumed.
[1370, 1526]
present
Inferred No Edit
260
Khanate of Bukhara
Sogdiana Full Year Range of Khanate of Bukhara is assumed.
[1599, 1747]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
261
Hmong - Late Qing
Southern China Hills Full Year Range of Hmong - Late Qing is assumed.
[1701, 1895]
present
Confident No Edit
262
Hmong - Early Chinese
Southern China Hills Full Year Range of Hmong - Early Chinese is assumed.
[1895, 1941]
present
Confident No Edit
263
Southern Mesopotamia Neolithic
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Southern Mesopotamia Neolithic is assumed.
[-9000, -5501]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
264
Ubaid
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Ubaid is assumed.
[-5500, -4201]
present
Inferred No Edit
265
Uruk
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Uruk is assumed.
[-4000, -2900]
present
Confident No Edit
266
Early Dynastic
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Early Dynastic is assumed.
[-2900, -2500]
present
Confident No Edit
267
Akkadian Empire
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Akkadian Empire is assumed.
[-2270, -2083]
present
Confident No Edit
268
Ur - Dynasty III
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Ur - Dynasty III is assumed.
[-2112, -2004]
present
Inferred No Edit
269
Isin-Larsa
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Isin-Larsa is assumed.
[-2004, -1763]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
270
Amorite Babylonia
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Amorite Babylonia is assumed.
[-2000, -1600]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
271
Kassite Babylonia
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Kassite Babylonia is assumed.
[-1595, -1150]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
272
Second Dynasty of Isin
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Second Dynasty of Isin is assumed.
[-1153, -1027]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
273
Bazi Dynasty
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Bazi Dynasty is assumed.
[-1005, -986]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
274
Dynasty of E
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Dynasty of E is assumed.
[-979, -732]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
275
Neo-Assyrian Empire
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Neo-Assyrian Empire is assumed.
[-911, -612]
present
Inferred No Edit
276
Neo-Babylonian Empire
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Neo-Babylonian Empire is assumed.
[-626, -539]
present
Inferred No Edit
277
Seleucids
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Seleucids is assumed.
[-312, -63]
present
Inferred No Edit
278
Parthian Empire II
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Parthian Empire II is assumed.
[41, 226]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
279
Umayyad Caliphate
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Umayyad Caliphate is assumed.
[661, 750]
present
Inferred No Edit
280
Abbasid Caliphate I
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Abbasid Caliphate I is assumed.
[750, 946]
present
Confident No Edit
281
Abbasid Caliphate II
Southern Mesopotamia Full Year Range of Abbasid Caliphate II is assumed.
[1191, 1258]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
282
Pre-Ceramic Period
Susiana Full Year Range of Pre-Ceramic Period is assumed.
[-7800, -7200]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
283
Formative Period
Susiana Full Year Range of Formative Period is assumed.
[-7200, -7000]
present
Confident No Edit
284
Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar
Susiana Full Year Range of Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar is assumed.
[-7000, -6000]
present
Confident No Edit
285
Susiana A
Susiana Full Year Range of Susiana A is assumed.
[-6000, -5700]
present
Confident No Edit
286
Susiana B
Susiana Full Year Range of Susiana B is assumed.
[-5700, -5100]
present
Confident No Edit
287
Susiana - Early Ubaid
Susiana Full Year Range of Susiana - Early Ubaid is assumed.
[-5100, -4700]
present
Confident No Edit
288
Susiana - Late Ubaid
Susiana Full Year Range of Susiana - Late Ubaid is assumed.
[-4700, -4300]
present
Confident No Edit
289
Susa I
Susiana Full Year Range of Susa I is assumed.
[-4300, -3800]
present
Confident No Edit
290
Susa II
Susiana Full Year Range of Susa II is assumed.
[-3800, -3100]
present
Confident No Edit
291
Susa III
Susiana Full Year Range of Susa III is assumed.
[-3100, -2675]
present
Confident No Edit
292
Elam - Awan Dynasty I
Susiana Full Year Range of Elam - Awan Dynasty I is assumed.
[-2675, -2100]
present
Confident No Edit
293
Elam - Shimashki Period
Susiana Full Year Range of Elam - Shimashki Period is assumed.
[-2028, -1940]
present
Inferred No Edit
294
Elam - Early Sukkalmah
Susiana Full Year Range of Elam - Early Sukkalmah is assumed.
[-1900, -1701]
present
Inferred No Edit
295
Elam - Late Sukkalmah
Susiana Full Year Range of Elam - Late Sukkalmah is assumed.
[-1700, -1500]
present
Inferred No Edit
296
Elam - Kidinuid Period
Susiana Full Year Range of Elam - Kidinuid Period is assumed.
[-1500, -1400]
present
Inferred No Edit
297
Elam - Igihalkid Period
Susiana Full Year Range of Elam - Igihalkid Period is assumed.
[-1399, -1200]
present
Inferred No Edit
298
Elam - Shutrukid Period
Susiana Full Year Range of Elam - Shutrukid Period is assumed.
[-1199, -1100]
present
Inferred No Edit
299
Elam - Crisis Period
Susiana Full Year Range of Elam - Crisis Period is assumed.
[-1100, -900]
present
Inferred No Edit
300
Elam I
Susiana Full Year Range of Elam I is assumed.
[-900, -744]
present
Inferred No Edit
301
Elam II
Susiana Full Year Range of Elam II is assumed.
[-743, -647]
present
Inferred No Edit
302
Elam III
Susiana Full Year Range of Elam III is assumed.
[-612, -539]
present
Inferred No Edit
303
Achaemenid Empire
Susiana Full Year Range of Achaemenid Empire is assumed.
[-550, -331]
present
Inferred No Edit
304
Parthian Empire I
Susiana Full Year Range of Parthian Empire I is assumed.
[-247, 40]
present
Inferred No Edit
305
Elymais II
Susiana Full Year Range of Elymais II is assumed.
[25, 215]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
306
Sasanid Empire I
Susiana Full Year Range of Sasanid Empire I is assumed.
[205, 487]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
307
Sasanid Empire II
Susiana Full Year Range of Sasanid Empire II is assumed.
[488, 642]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
308
Buyid Confederation
Susiana Full Year Range of Buyid Confederation is assumed.
[932, 1062]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
309
Seljuk Sultanate
Susiana Full Year Range of Seljuk Sultanate is assumed.
[1037, 1157]
present
Inferred No Edit
310
Ilkhanate
Susiana Full Year Range of Ilkhanate is assumed.
[1256, 1339]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
311
Ak Koyunlu
Susiana Full Year Range of Ak Koyunlu is assumed.
[1339, 1501]
present
Inferred No Edit
312
Safavid Empire
Susiana Full Year Range of Safavid Empire is assumed.
[1501, 1722]
present
Confident No Edit
313
Qajar
Susiana Full Year Range of Qajar is assumed.
[1794, 1925]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
314
Badarian
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Badarian is assumed.
[-4400, -3800]
absent
Confident No Edit
315
Naqada I
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Naqada I is assumed.
[-3800, -3550]
absent
Inferred No Edit
316
Naqada II
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Naqada II is assumed.
[-3550, -3300]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
317
Egypt - Dynasty 0
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Egypt - Dynasty 0 is assumed.
[-3300, -3100]
absent
Inferred No Edit
318
Egypt - Dynasty I
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Egypt - Dynasty I is assumed.
[-3100, -2900]
present
Confident No Edit
319
Egypt - Dynasty II
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Egypt - Dynasty II is assumed.
[-2900, -2687]
present
Confident No Edit
320
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom is assumed.
[-2650, -2350]
present
Confident No Edit
321
Egypt - Late Old Kingdom
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Egypt - Late Old Kingdom is assumed.
[-2350, -2150]
present
Confident No Edit
322
Egypt - Period of the Regions
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Egypt - Period of the Regions is assumed.
[-2150, -2016]
present
Inferred No Edit
323
Egypt - Middle Kingdom
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Egypt - Middle Kingdom is assumed.
[-2016, -1700]
present
Confident No Edit
324
Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period is assumed.
[-1720, -1567]
present
Confident No Edit
325
Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period is assumed.
[-1550, -1293]
present
Inferred No Edit
326
Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period is assumed.
[-1293, -1070]
present
Confident No Edit
327
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period is assumed.
[-1069, -747]
present
Confident No Edit
328
Egypt - Kushite Period
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Egypt - Kushite Period is assumed.
[-747, -656]
present
Inferred No Edit
329
Egypt - Saite Period
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Egypt - Saite Period is assumed.
[-664, -525]
present
Confident No Edit
330
Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period is assumed.
[-404, -342]
present
Inferred No Edit
331
Ptolemaic Kingdom I
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Ptolemaic Kingdom I is assumed.
[-305, -217]
present
Confident No Edit
332
Ptolemaic Kingdom II
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Ptolemaic Kingdom II is assumed.
[-217, -30]
present
Confident No Edit
333
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period is assumed.
[868, 969]
present
Confident No Edit
334
Fatimid Caliphate
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Fatimid Caliphate is assumed.
[909, 1171]
present
Confident No Edit
335
Ayyubid Sultanate
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Ayyubid Sultanate is assumed.
[1171, 1250]
present
Confident No Edit
336
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I is assumed.
[1260, 1348]
present
Confident No Edit
337
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II is assumed.
[1348, 1412]
present
Confident No Edit
338
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III
Upper Egypt Full Year Range of Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III is assumed.
[1412, 1517]
present
Confident No Edit
339
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas
Valley of Oaxaca Full Year Range of Oaxaca - Tierras Largas is assumed.
[-1400, -1150]
absent
Inferred No Edit
340
Oaxaca - San Jose
Valley of Oaxaca Full Year Range of Oaxaca - San Jose is assumed.
[-1150, -700]
absent
Inferred No Edit
341
Oaxaca - Rosario
Valley of Oaxaca Full Year Range of Oaxaca - Rosario is assumed.
[-700, -500]
present
Confident No Edit
342
Early Monte Alban I
Valley of Oaxaca Full Year Range of Early Monte Alban I is assumed.
[-500, -300]
present
Confident No Edit
343
Monte Alban Late I
Valley of Oaxaca Full Year Range of Monte Alban Late I is assumed.
[-300, -100]
present
Confident No Edit
344
Monte Alban II
Valley of Oaxaca Full Year Range of Monte Alban II is assumed.
[-100, 200]
present
Confident No Edit
345
Monte Alban III
Valley of Oaxaca Full Year Range of Monte Alban III is assumed.
[200, 500]
present
Confident No Edit
346
Monte Alban IIIB and IV
Valley of Oaxaca Full Year Range of Monte Alban IIIB and IV is assumed.
[500, 900]
present
Confident No Edit
347
Monte Alban V
Valley of Oaxaca Full Year Range of Monte Alban V is assumed.
[900, 1520]
present
Confident No Edit
348
Neolithic Yemen
Yemeni Coastal Plain Full Year Range of Neolithic Yemen is assumed.
[-3500, -1201]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
349
Yemen - Late Bronze Age
Yemeni Coastal Plain Full Year Range of Yemen - Late Bronze Age is assumed.
[-1200, -801]
present
Inferred No Edit
350
Sabaean Commonwealth
Yemeni Coastal Plain Full Year Range of Sabaean Commonwealth is assumed.
[-800, -451]
present
Inferred No Edit
351
Qatabanian Commonwealth
Yemeni Coastal Plain Full Year Range of Qatabanian Commonwealth is assumed.
[-450, -111]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
352
Axum I
Yemeni Coastal Plain Full Year Range of Axum I is assumed.
[-149, 349]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
353
Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan
Yemeni Coastal Plain Full Year Range of Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan is assumed.
[-110, 149]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
354
Himyar I
Yemeni Coastal Plain Full Year Range of Himyar I is assumed.
[270, 340]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
355
Himyar II
Yemeni Coastal Plain Full Year Range of Himyar II is assumed.
[378, 525]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
356
Yemen Ziyad Dynasty
Yemeni Coastal Plain Full Year Range of Yemen Ziyad Dynasty is assumed.
[822, 1037]
present
Inferred No Edit
357
Yemen - Era of Warlords
Yemeni Coastal Plain Full Year Range of Yemen - Era of Warlords is assumed.
[1038, 1174]
present
Inferred No Edit
358
Rasulid Dynasty
Yemeni Coastal Plain Full Year Range of Rasulid Dynasty is assumed.
[1229, 1453]
unknown
Suspected No Edit
359
Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty
Yemeni Coastal Plain Full Year Range of Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty is assumed.
[1454, 1517]
present
Confident No Edit
360
Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty
Yemeni Coastal Plain Full Year Range of Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty is assumed.
[1637, 1805]
present
Confident No Edit
361
Nara Kingdom
None Full Year Range of Nara Kingdom is assumed.
[710, 794]
present
Confident No Edit
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