Section: Projectiles
Variable: Sling (All coded records)
The absence or presence of slings as a military technology used in warfare.  
Sling
#  Polity  Coded Value Tags Year(s) Edit Desc
1 Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period unknown Suspected 1300 BCE 801 BCE
If "the first archaeologically recognizable, large post-Indus urban settlements are not earlier than the fifth century BC ... solidly visible states ... appear in a sudden profusion in the late first millennium B.C." [1] - who was king Stabrobates of India who used war elephants against a queen of Assyria (considered Shammuramat?) in the 9th century BCE? [2] One could infer king Stabrobates, if not based there himself, must have subdued and controlled the Kachi Plain region in order to invade Mesopotamia from ’India’. (Another source says Assyria invaded India and were driven out of Pakistan and India). [3] Diodorus Siculus says this too, queen Semiramis was based in Bactra (Bactria?). [4] If king Stabrobates’s polity controlled the Kachi Plain, then we code the according to the military technology he possessed. This would have included weapons of war. Note: one military historian estimates that the Assyrian army had a strategic range of 2000 km [5] which places the Indus region in reach of their forces.

[1]: (Ahmed 2014, 64) Mukhtar Ahmed. 2014. Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume V: The End of the Harappan Civilization, and the Aftermath. Foursome Group.

[2]: (Mayor 2014, 289) Adrienne Mayor. Animals in Warfare. Gordon Lindsay Campbell. ed. 2014. The Oxford Handbook of Animals in Classical Thought and Life. Oxford University Press. Oxford.

[3]: (Kistler 2007, 18) John M Kistler. 2007. War Elephants. University of Nebraska Press. Lincoln.

[4]: Diodorus Siculus. Delphi Complete Works of Diodorus Siculus. Delphi Classics.

[5]: (Gabriel 2002, 9) Richard A Gabriel. 2002. The Great Armies of Antiquity. Praeger. Westport.


2 Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period present Inferred 800 BCE
If "the first archaeologically recognizable, large post-Indus urban settlements are not earlier than the fifth century BC ... solidly visible states ... appear in a sudden profusion in the late first millennium B.C." [1] - who was king Stabrobates of India who used war elephants against a queen of Assyria (considered Shammuramat?) in the 9th century BCE? [2] One could infer king Stabrobates, if not based there himself, must have subdued and controlled the Kachi Plain region in order to invade Mesopotamia from ’India’. (Another source says Assyria invaded India and were driven out of Pakistan and India). [3] Diodorus Siculus says this too, queen Semiramis was based in Bactra (Bactria?). [4] If king Stabrobates’s polity controlled the Kachi Plain, then we code the according to the military technology he possessed. This would have included weapons of war. Note: one military historian estimates that the Assyrian army had a strategic range of 2000 km [5] which places the Indus region in reach of their forces.

[1]: (Ahmed 2014, 64) Mukhtar Ahmed. 2014. Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume V: The End of the Harappan Civilization, and the Aftermath. Foursome Group.

[2]: (Mayor 2014, 289) Adrienne Mayor. Animals in Warfare. Gordon Lindsay Campbell. ed. 2014. The Oxford Handbook of Animals in Classical Thought and Life. Oxford University Press. Oxford.

[3]: (Kistler 2007, 18) John M Kistler. 2007. War Elephants. University of Nebraska Press. Lincoln.

[4]: Diodorus Siculus. Delphi Complete Works of Diodorus Siculus. Delphi Classics.

[5]: (Gabriel 2002, 9) Richard A Gabriel. 2002. The Great Armies of Antiquity. Praeger. Westport.


3 Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period unknown Suspected 799 BCE 500 BCE
If "the first archaeologically recognizable, large post-Indus urban settlements are not earlier than the fifth century BC ... solidly visible states ... appear in a sudden profusion in the late first millennium B.C." [1] - who was king Stabrobates of India who used war elephants against a queen of Assyria (considered Shammuramat?) in the 9th century BCE? [2] One could infer king Stabrobates, if not based there himself, must have subdued and controlled the Kachi Plain region in order to invade Mesopotamia from ’India’. (Another source says Assyria invaded India and were driven out of Pakistan and India). [3] Diodorus Siculus says this too, queen Semiramis was based in Bactra (Bactria?). [4] If king Stabrobates’s polity controlled the Kachi Plain, then we code the according to the military technology he possessed. This would have included weapons of war. Note: one military historian estimates that the Assyrian army had a strategic range of 2000 km [5] which places the Indus region in reach of their forces.

[1]: (Ahmed 2014, 64) Mukhtar Ahmed. 2014. Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume V: The End of the Harappan Civilization, and the Aftermath. Foursome Group.

[2]: (Mayor 2014, 289) Adrienne Mayor. Animals in Warfare. Gordon Lindsay Campbell. ed. 2014. The Oxford Handbook of Animals in Classical Thought and Life. Oxford University Press. Oxford.

[3]: (Kistler 2007, 18) John M Kistler. 2007. War Elephants. University of Nebraska Press. Lincoln.

[4]: Diodorus Siculus. Delphi Complete Works of Diodorus Siculus. Delphi Classics.

[5]: (Gabriel 2002, 9) Richard A Gabriel. 2002. The Great Armies of Antiquity. Praeger. Westport.


4 Jin Dynasty unknown Suspected 1115 CE 1234 CE
-
5 Great Ming absent Confident 1368 CE 1644 CE
-
6 Early Qing unknown Suspected 1644 CE 1796 CE
-
7 Late Qing present Confident 1796 CE 1912 CE
-
8 Great Yuan unknown Suspected 1271 CE 1368 CE
-
9 Neguanje unknown Suspected 250 CE 1050 CE
-
10 Tairona unknown Suspected 1050 CE 1524 CE
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11 Badarian present Confident Uncertain 4400 BCE 3800 BCE
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12 Badarian absent Confident Uncertain 4400 BCE 3800 BCE
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13 Ptolemaic Kingdom I present Confident 305 BCE 217 BCE
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14 Ptolemaic Kingdom II present Confident 217 BCE 30 BCE
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15 French Kingdom - Late Capetian unknown Suspected 1150 CE 1328 CE
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16 Ashanti Empire unknown Suspected 1701 CE 1895 CE
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17 Archaic Crete absent Confident 710 BCE 500 BCE
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18 Classical Crete absent Confident 500 BCE 323 BCE
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19 Final Postpalatial Crete present Confident 1200 BCE 1000 BCE
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20 Geometric Crete absent Confident 1000 BCE 710 BCE
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21 Hellenistic Crete absent Confident 323 BCE 69 BCE
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22 Neolithic Crete absent Confident 7000 BCE 3000 BCE
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23 Postpalatial Crete present Confident 1300 BCE 1200 BCE
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24 Prepalatial Crete unknown Suspected 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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25 Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial unknown Suspected 1841 CE 1987 CE
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26 Java - Buni Culture unknown Suspected 400 BCE 500 CE
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27 Kalingga Kingdom unknown Suspected 500 CE 732 CE
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28 Mataram Sultanate unknown Suspected 1568 CE 1755 CE
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29 Hephthalites absent Inferred 408 CE 561 CE
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30 Eastern Han Empire absent Inferred 25 CE 220 CE
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31 Hmong - Early Chinese unknown Suspected 1895 CE 1941 CE
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32 Hmong - Late Qing unknown Suspected 1701 CE 1895 CE
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33 Northern Song absent Inferred 960 CE 1127 CE
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34 Northern Wei absent Inferred 386 CE 534 CE
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35 Peiligang unknown Suspected 7000 BCE 5001 BCE
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36 Sui Dynasty absent Inferred 581 CE 618 CE
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37 Tang Dynasty I absent Inferred 617 CE 763 CE
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38 Western Han Empire absent Inferred 202 BCE 9 CE
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39 Shuar - Colonial absent Confident 1534 CE 1830 CE
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40 Ayyubid Sultanate present Inferred 1171 CE 1250 CE
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41 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I absent Inferred 1260 CE 1348 CE
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42 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III absent Inferred 1412 CE 1517 CE
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43 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II absent Inferred 1348 CE 1412 CE
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44 Egypt - Middle Kingdom present Confident 2016 BCE 1700 BCE
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45 Egypt - Dynasty 0 unknown Suspected 3300 BCE 3100 BCE
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46 Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period present Confident 1550 BCE 1293 BCE
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47 Egypt - Period of the Regions present Inferred 2150 BCE 2016 BCE
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48 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period present Inferred 1720 BCE 1567 BCE
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49 Atlantic Complex unknown Suspected 2200 BCE 1000 BCE
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50 Beaker Culture absent Inferred 3200 BCE 2000 BCE
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51 French Kingdom - Late Bourbon absent Confident 1660 CE 1815 CE
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52 Carolingian Empire II present Confident 840 CE 987 CE
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53 Papal States - High Medieval Period absent Confident Uncertain 1198 CE 1309 CE
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54 Hallstatt D unknown Suspected 600 BCE 475 BCE
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55 La Tene A-B1 present Inferred 475 BCE 325 BCE
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56 La Tene C2-D present Inferred 175 BCE 27 BCE
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57 Akan - Pre-Ashanti absent Inferred 1501 CE 1701 CE
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58 Hawaii II unknown Suspected 1200 CE 1580 CE
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59 Iban - Pre-Brooke unknown Suspected 1650 CE 1841 CE
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60 Canaan present Confident 2000 BCE 1175 BCE
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61 Yisrael present Confident 1030 BCE 722 BCE
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62 Delhi Sultanate unknown Suspected 1206 CE 1526 CE
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63 Late A'chik absent Confident 1867 CE 1956 CE
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64 Vijayanagara Empire unknown Suspected 1336 CE 1646 CE
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65 Qajar unknown Suspected 1794 CE 1925 CE
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66 Safavid Empire absent Inferred 1501 CE 1722 CE
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67 Seljuk Sultanate unknown Suspected 1037 CE 1157 CE
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68 Latium - Copper Age unknown Confident 3600 BCE 1800 BCE
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69 Ostrogothic Kingdom absent Confident 489 CE 554 CE
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70 Rome - Republic of St Peter II present Confident 904 CE 1198 CE
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71 Papal States - Early Modern Period I present Confident 1527 CE 1648 CE
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72 Papal States - Early Modern Period II absent Confident 1648 CE 1809 CE
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73 Papal States - Renaissance Period present Confident 1378 CE 1527 CE
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74 Exarchate of Ravenna unknown Confident 568 CE 751 CE
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75 Roman Empire - Principate present Confident 31 BCE 284 CE
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76 Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity present Confident 395 CE 476 CE
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77 Republic of St Peter I unknown Confident 711 CE 904 CE
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78 Chalukyas of Badami unknown Suspected 543 CE 753 CE
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79 Chalcolithic Middle Ganga unknown Suspected 3000 BCE 601 BCE
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80 Neolithic Middle Ganga unknown Suspected 7000 BCE 3001 BCE
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81 Early A'chik absent Confident 1775 CE 1867 CE
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82 Hoysala Kingdom unknown Suspected 1108 CE 1346 CE
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83 Kadamba Empire unknown Suspected 345 CE 550 CE
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84 Kampili Kingdom unknown Suspected 1280 CE 1327 CE
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85 Mughal Empire present Confident 1526 CE 1858 CE
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86 Vakataka Kingdom present Inferred 255 CE 550 CE
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87 Bazi Dynasty present Inferred 1005 BCE 986 BCE
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88 Dynasty of E present Inferred 979 BCE 732 BCE
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89 Second Dynasty of Isin present Inferred 1153 BCE 1027 BCE
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90 Isin-Larsa present Inferred 2004 BCE 1763 BCE
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91 Neo-Assyrian Empire present Confident 911 BCE 612 BCE
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92 Neo-Babylonian Empire present Inferred 626 BCE 539 BCE
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93 Uruk present Confident 4000 BCE 2900 BCE
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94 Buyid Confederation unknown Suspected 932 CE 1062 CE
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95 Ilkhanate absent Confident 1256 CE 1339 CE
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96 Susiana B present Inferred 5700 BCE 5100 BCE
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97 Elam I present Inferred 900 BCE 744 BCE
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98 Elam II present Inferred 743 BCE 647 BCE
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99 Sasanid Empire I present Confident 205 CE 487 CE
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100 Sasanid Empire II present Confident 488 CE 642 CE
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101 Elam - Late Sukkalmah present Confident 1700 BCE 1500 BCE
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102 Icelandic Commonwealth present Inferred 930 CE 1262 CE
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103 Papal States - High Medieval Period present Confident Uncertain 1198 CE 1309 CE
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104 Ashikaga Shogunate absent Confident 1336 CE 1467 CE
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105 Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama absent Confident 1568 CE 1603 CE
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106 Japan - Incipient Jomon absent Confident 13600 BCE 9200 BCE
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107 Japan - Middle Jomon absent Confident 3500 BCE 2500 BCE
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108 Kara-Khanids unknown Suspected 950 CE 1212 CE
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109 Western Turk Khaganate unknown Suspected 582 CE 630 CE
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110 Bronze Age Cambodia unknown Suspected 1200 BCE 501 BCE
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111 Bronze Age Cambodia unknown Suspected 500 BCE 224 CE
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112 Andronovo unknown Suspected 1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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113 Saadi Sultanate unknown Suspected 1554 CE 1659 CE
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114 Jenne-jeno I absent Inferred 250 BCE 49 CE
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115 Jenne-jeno II absent Confident 50 CE 399 CE
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116 Jenne-jeno III absent Inferred 400 CE 899 CE
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117 Jenne-jeno IV absent Confident 900 CE 1300 CE
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118 Mali Empire unknown Suspected 1230 CE 1410 CE
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119 Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty unknown Suspected 1493 CE 1591 CE
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120 Eastern Turk Khaganate unknown Suspected 583 CE 630 CE
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121 Khitan I unknown Suspected 907 CE 1125 CE
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122 Mongol Empire unknown Suspected 1206 CE 1368 CE
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123 Early Mongols absent Confident 1000 CE 1206 CE
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124 Late Mongols unknown Suspected 1368 CE 1690 CE
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125 Rouran Khaganate unknown Suspected 300 CE 555 CE
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126 Shiwei unknown Suspected 600 CE 1000 CE
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127 Second Turk Khaganate unknown Suspected 682 CE 744 CE
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128 Uigur Khaganate unknown Suspected 745 CE 840 CE
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129 Xianbei Confederation unknown Suspected 100 CE 250 CE
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130 Early Xiongnu unknown Suspected 1400 BCE 300 BCE
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131 Late Xiongnu unknown Suspected 60 BCE 100 CE
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132 Xiongnu Imperial Confederation unknown Suspected 209 BCE 60 BCE
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133 Zungharian Empire unknown Suspected 1670 CE 1757 CE
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134 Later Wagadu Empire unknown Suspected 1078 CE 1203 CE
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135 Middle Wagadu Empire unknown Suspected 700 CE 1077 CE
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136 Cuzco - Late Formative unknown Suspected 500 BCE 200 CE
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137 Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period unknown Suspected 854 CE 1193 CE
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138 Sind - Samma Dynasty unknown Suspected 1335 CE 1521 CE
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139 Sarazm unknown Suspected 3500 BCE 2000 BCE
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140 Kingdom of Lydia unknown Suspected 670 BCE 546 BCE
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141 Classical Angkor absent Inferred 1100 CE 1220 CE
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142 Late Angkor absent Inferred 1220 CE 1432 CE
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143 Phoenician Empire present Inferred 1200 BCE 332 BCE
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144 Monte Alban V present Confident 900 CE 1520 CE
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145 Archaic Basin of Mexico absent Inferred 6000 BCE 2001 BCE
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146 Middle Formative Basin of Mexico present Inferred 800 BCE 401 BCE
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147 Toltecs present Confident 900 CE 1199 CE
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148 Cuzco - Early Intermediate I unknown Confident 200 CE 499 CE
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149 Cuzco - Early Intermediate II unknown Confident 500 CE 649 CE
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150 Cuzco - Late Intermediate I present Confident 1000 CE 1250 CE
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151 Inca Empire present Confident 1375 CE 1532 CE
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152 Indo-Greek Kingdom present Confident 180 BCE 10 BCE
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153 Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period absent Confident 1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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154 Sakha - Early absent Confident 1400 CE 1632 CE
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155 Sakha - Late absent Confident 1632 CE 1900 CE
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156 Umayyad Caliphate present Confident 661 CE 750 CE
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157 Ayutthaya absent Inferred 1593 CE 1767 CE
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158 Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia present Inferred 2000 BCE 1700 BCE
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159 Byzantine Empire III present Confident 1073 CE 1204 CE
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160 Himyar II present Confident 378 CE 525 CE
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161 Qatabanian Commonwealth unknown Confident 450 BCE 111 BCE
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162 Sabaean Commonwealth unknown Confident 800 BCE 451 BCE
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163 Neo-Hittite Kingdoms unknown Suspected 1180 BCE 900 BCE
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164 Phrygian Kingdom unknown Suspected 900 BCE 695 BCE
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165 Tabal Kingdoms unknown Suspected 900 BCE 730 BCE
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166 Chagatai Khanate unknown Suspected 1263 CE 1402 CE
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167 Khanate of Bukhara unknown Suspected 1599 CE 1747 CE
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168 Ancient Khwarazm unknown Suspected 1000 BCE 521 BCE
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169 Koktepe II unknown Suspected 750 BCE 550 BCE
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170 Samanid Empire unknown Suspected 819 CE 999 CE
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171 Sogdiana - City-States Period unknown Suspected 604 CE 711 CE
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172 Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty unknown Suspected 1637 CE 1805 CE
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173 Durrani Empire present Confident 1747 CE 1826 CE
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174 Greco-Bactrian Kingdom present Inferred 256 BCE 125 BCE
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175 Kushan Empire present Confident 35 CE 319 CE
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176 Western Jin absent Inferred 265 CE 317 CE
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177 Erligang present Inferred 1650 BCE 1250 BCE
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178 Erlitou present Inferred 1850 BCE 1600 BCE
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179 Jin present Inferred 780 BCE 404 BCE
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180 Longshan present Inferred 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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181 Late Shang present Inferred 1250 BCE 1045 BCE
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182 Tang Dynasty II absent Inferred 763 CE 907 CE
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183 Early Wei Dynasty present Inferred 445 BCE 225 BCE
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184 Ottoman Emirate present Confident 1299 CE 1402 CE
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185 Ottoman Empire I present Confident 1402 CE 1517 CE
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186 Roman Empire - Dominate present Confident 285 CE 394 CE
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187 Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling absent Confident 1055 CE 1199 CE
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188 Cahokia - Moorehead absent Confident 1200 CE 1275 CE
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189 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late absent Confident 1714 CE 1848 CE
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190 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II absent Confident 900 CE 1049 CE
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191 Cahokia - Middle Woodland absent Inferred 150 BCE 300 CE
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192 Cahokia - Sand Prairie absent Confident 1275 CE 1400 CE
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193 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I absent Confident 750 CE 900 CE
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194 Timurid Empire absent Confident 1370 CE 1526 CE
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195 Western Zhou present Confident 1122 BCE 771 BCE
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196 Yangshao unknown Suspected 5000 BCE 3000 BCE
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197 Shuar - Ecuadorian absent Confident 1831 CE 1931 CE
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198 Egypt - Dynasty I present Confident 3100 BCE 2900 BCE
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199 Egypt - Dynasty II present Confident 2900 BCE 2687 BCE
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200 Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period present Confident 404 BCE 342 BCE
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201 Naqada I present Confident Uncertain 3800 BCE 3550 BCE
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202 Naqada I absent Confident Uncertain 3800 BCE 3550 BCE
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203 Naqada II unknown Suspected 3550 BCE 3300 BCE
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204 Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period present Confident 1293 BCE 1070 BCE
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205 Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom present Confident 2650 BCE 2350 BCE
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206 Egypt - Late Old Kingdom present Confident 2350 BCE 2150 BCE
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207 Egypt - Saite Period present Inferred 664 BCE 525 BCE
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208 Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period present Inferred 1069 BCE 747 BCE
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209 Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period unknown Suspected 868 CE 969 CE
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210 Spanish Empire I present Confident Uncertain 1516 CE 1715 CE
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211 Early Roman Republic present Confident 509 BCE 264 BCE
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212 Spanish Empire I absent Confident Uncertain 1516 CE 1715 CE
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213 Elam III present Inferred 612 BCE 539 BCE
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214 Late Roman Republic present Confident 133 BCE 31 BCE
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215 Chuuk - Early Truk present Confident 1775 CE 1886 CE
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216 Chuuk - Late Truk present Confident 1886 CE 1948 CE
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217 French Kingdom - Early Bourbon absent Inferred 1589 CE 1660 CE
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218 Proto-French Kingdom present Inferred 987 CE 1150 CE
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219 Carolingian Empire I present Confident 752 CE 840 CE
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220 Hallstatt A-B1 unknown Suspected 1000 BCE 900 BCE
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221 Hallstatt B2-3 unknown Suspected 900 BCE 700 BCE
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222 Hallstatt C unknown Suspected 700 BCE 600 BCE
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223 Early Merovingian present Confident 481 CE 543 CE
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224 Proto-Carolingian present Confident 687 CE 751 CE
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225 Middle Merovingian present Confident 543 CE 687 CE
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226 La Tene B2-C1 present Inferred 325 BCE 175 BCE
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227 French Kingdom - Early Valois absent Inferred 1328 CE 1450 CE
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228 French Kingdom - Late Valois absent Inferred 1450 CE 1589 CE
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229 The Emirate of Crete present Confident 824 CE 961 CE
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230 Monopalatial Crete present Confident 1450 BCE 1300 BCE
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231 Hawaii I unknown Suspected 1000 CE 1200 CE
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232 Hawaii III present Confident 1580 CE 1778 CE
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233 Kediri Kingdom absent Inferred 1049 CE 1222 CE
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234 Majapahit Kingdom absent Inferred 1292 CE 1518 CE
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235 Medang Kingdom absent Inferred 732 CE 1019 CE
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236 Yehuda present Confident 141 BCE 63 BCE
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237 Kingdom of Ayodhya unknown Suspected 64 BCE 34 CE
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238 Chalukyas of Kalyani unknown Suspected 973 CE 1189 CE
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239 Deccan - Iron Age present Inferred 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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240 Post-Mauryan Kingdoms present Inferred 205 BCE 101 BCE
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241 Deccan - Neolithic unknown Suspected 2700 BCE 1200 BCE
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242 Middle Roman Republic present Confident 264 BCE 133 BCE
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243 Gahadavala Dynasty present Inferred 1085 CE 1193 CE
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244 Gupta Empire present Inferred 320 CE 550 CE
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245 Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty present Inferred 730 CE 1030 CE
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246 Kannauj - Varman Dynasty present Confident 650 CE 780 CE
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247 Magadha present Inferred 450 CE 605 CE
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248 Mahajanapada era present Confident 600 BCE 324 BCE
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249 Magadha - Maurya Empire present Inferred 324 BCE 187 BCE
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250 Rashtrakuta Empire unknown Suspected 753 CE 973 CE
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251 Satavahana Empire present Confident 100 BCE 200 CE
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252 Abbasid Caliphate I unknown Suspected 750 CE 946 CE
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253 Abbasid Caliphate II unknown Confident 1191 CE 1258 CE
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254 Akkadian Empire absent Inferred 2270 BCE 2083 BCE
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255 Early Dynastic present Confident 2900 BCE 2500 BCE
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256 Southern Mesopotamia Neolithic absent Inferred 9000 BCE 5501 BCE
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257 Ubaid absent Inferred 5500 BCE 4201 BCE
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258 Ur - Dynasty III present Confident 2112 BCE 2004 BCE
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259 Achaemenid Empire present Confident 550 BCE 331 BCE
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260 Ak Koyunlu absent Inferred 1339 CE 1501 CE
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261 Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar present Inferred 7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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262 Elam - Awan Dynasty I present Confident 2675 BCE 2100 BCE
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263 Elam - Crisis Period present Confident 1100 BCE 900 BCE
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264 Elymais II present Inferred 25 CE 215 CE
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265 Formative Period unknown Suspected 7200 BCE 7000 BCE
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266 Susiana A present Inferred 6000 BCE 5700 BCE
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267 Susiana - Late Ubaid present Confident 4700 BCE 4300 BCE
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268 Susiana - Early Ubaid present Confident 5100 BCE 4700 BCE
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269 Elam - Kidinuid Period present Confident 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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270 Elam - Igihalkid Period present Confident 1399 BCE 1200 BCE
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271 Elam - Shutrukid Period present Confident 1199 BCE 1100 BCE
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272 Parthian Empire I present Inferred 247 BCE 40 CE
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273 Parthian Empire II present Inferred 41 CE 226 CE
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274 Pre-Ceramic Period unknown Suspected 7800 BCE 7200 BCE
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275 Seleucids present Confident 312 BCE 63 BCE
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276 Elam - Shimashki Period present Confident 2028 BCE 1940 BCE
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277 Elam - Early Sukkalmah present Inferred 1900 BCE 1701 BCE
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278 Susa I present Confident 4300 BCE 3800 BCE
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279 Susa II present Confident 3800 BCE 3100 BCE
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280 Susa III present Confident 3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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281 Latium - Bronze Age present Inferred 1800 BCE 900 BCE
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282 Latium - Iron Age present Inferred 1000 BCE 580 BCE
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283 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early absent Confident 1566 CE 1713 CE
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284 Roman Kingdom present Inferred 716 BCE 509 BCE
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285 Asuka present Confident 538 CE 710 CE
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286 Heian present Confident 794 CE 1185 CE
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287 Japan - Initial Jomon absent Confident 9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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288 Japan - Early Jomon absent Confident 5300 BCE 3500 BCE
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289 Japan - Late Jomon absent Confident 2500 BCE 1200 BCE
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290 Japan - Final Jomon absent Confident 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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291 Kamakura Shogunate present Inferred 1185 CE 1333 CE
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292 Kansai - Kofun Period present Confident 250 CE 537 CE
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293 Nara Kingdom absent Confident 710 CE 794 CE
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294 Warring States Japan absent Confident 1467 CE 1568 CE
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295 Tokugawa Shogunate absent Confident 1603 CE 1868 CE
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296 Kansai - Yayoi Period present Confident 300 BCE 250 CE
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297 Early Angkor absent Inferred 802 CE 1100 CE
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298 Khmer Kingdom absent Inferred 1432 CE 1594 CE
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299 Chenla absent Inferred 550 CE 825 CE
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300 Funan I absent Inferred 225 CE 540 CE
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301 Funan II absent Inferred 540 CE 640 CE
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302 Bamana kingdom present Inferred 1712 CE 1861 CE
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303 Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy absent Inferred 1300 CE 1565 CE
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304 Segou Kingdom present Inferred 1650 CE 1712 CE
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305 Early Monte Alban I unknown Suspected 500 BCE 300 BCE
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306 Monte Alban Late I unknown Suspected 300 BCE 100 BCE
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307 Monte Alban II unknown Suspected 100 BCE 200 CE
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308 Monte Alban III present Inferred 200 CE 500 CE
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309 Monte Alban IIIB and IV present Inferred 500 CE 900 CE
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310 Aztec Empire present Confident 1427 CE 1526 CE
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311 Classic Basin of Mexico present Confident 100 CE 649 CE
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312 Epiclassic Basin of Mexico present Confident 650 CE 899 CE
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313 Early Formative Basin of Mexico present Inferred 1200 BCE 801 BCE
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314 Late Formative Basin of Mexico present Confident 400 BCE 101 BCE
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315 Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period present Confident 1778 CE 1819 CE
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316 Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico present Confident 100 BCE 99 CE
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317 Initial Formative Basin of Mexico absent Inferred 2000 BCE 1201 BCE
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318 Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico present Confident 1200 CE 1426 CE
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319 Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period absent Confident 3200 BCE 2500 BCE
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320 Oaxaca - Rosario unknown Suspected 700 BCE 500 BCE
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321 Oaxaca - San Jose unknown Suspected 1150 BCE 700 BCE
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322 Oaxaca - Tierras Largas unknown Suspected 1400 BCE 1150 BCE
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323 Kingdom of Norway II present Inferred 1262 CE 1396 CE
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324 Cuzco - Late Intermediate II present Confident 1250 CE 1400 CE
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325 Wari Empire present Confident 650 CE 999 CE
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326 Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial present Confident 1734 CE 1883 CE
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327 Orokaiva - Colonial present Confident 1884 CE 1942 CE
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328 Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic absent Confident 7500 BCE 5500 BCE
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329 Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic absent Confident 5500 BCE 4000 BCE
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330 Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic absent Confident 4000 BCE 3200 BCE
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331 Cahokia - Early Woodland absent Inferred 600 BCE 150 BCE
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332 Kachi Plain - Urban Period I absent Inferred 2500 BCE 2100 BCE
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333 Kachi Plain - Urban Period II absent Inferred 2100 BCE 1800 BCE
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334 Egypt - Kushite Period present Confident 747 BCE 656 BCE
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335 Rattanakosin absent Inferred 1782 CE 1873 CE
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336 Fatimid Caliphate present Inferred 909 CE 1171 CE
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337 Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age present Inferred 3000 BCE 2000 BCE
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338 Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II unknown Suspected 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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339 Byzantine Empire I present Confident 632 CE 866 CE
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340 Byzantine Empire II present Confident 867 CE 1072 CE
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341 Late Cappadocia present Confident 330 BCE 16 CE
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342 Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic present Confident 6000 BCE 5500 BCE
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343 Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic present Confident 5500 BCE 3000 BCE
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344 East Roman Empire present Confident 395 CE 631 CE
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345 Hatti - New Kingdom unknown Suspected 1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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346 Hatti - Old Kingdom unknown Suspected 1650 BCE 1500 BCE
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347 Lysimachus Kingdom present Confident 323 BCE 281 BCE
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348 Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic unknown Suspected 7000 BCE 6600 BCE
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349 Konya Plain - Early Neolithic present Inferred 9600 BCE 7000 BCE
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350 Konya Plain - Late Neolithic present Confident 6600 BCE 6000 BCE
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351 Ottoman Empire II present Confident 1517 CE 1683 CE
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352 Ottoman Empire III absent Inferred 1683 CE 1839 CE
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353 Rum Sultanate unknown Suspected 1077 CE 1307 CE
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354 Early Illinois Confederation absent Inferred 1640 CE 1717 CE
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355 Cahokia - Late Woodland II absent Inferred 450 CE 600 CE
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356 Cahokia - Late Woodland III absent Inferred 600 CE 750 CE
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357 Cahokia - Late Woodland I absent Inferred 300 CE 450 CE
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358 Oneota absent Confident 1400 CE 1650 CE
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359 Himyar I present Confident 270 CE 340 CE
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360 Yemen - Late Bronze Age absent Inferred 1200 BCE 801 BCE
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361 Neolithic Yemen absent Inferred 3500 BCE 1201 BCE
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362 Rasulid Dynasty present Inferred 1229 CE 1453 CE
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363 Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty present Confident 1454 CE 1517 CE
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364 Yemen - Era of Warlords unknown Suspected 1038 CE 1174 CE
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365 Ghur Principality unknown Suspected 1025 CE 1215 CE
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366 Yemen Ziyad Dynasty unknown Suspected 822 CE 1037 CE
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367 Kidarite Kingdom present Confident 388 CE 477 CE
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368 Tocharians unknown Suspected 129 BCE 29 CE
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