# | Polity | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | Edit | Desc |
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1 | British Empire IIIIIIIIII | present | Inferred | 1850 CE 1968 CE | ||
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2 | Canaan | present | Confident | 2000 BCE 1175 BCE | ||
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3 | Ilkhanate | absent | Confident | 1256 CE 1339 CE | ||
inferred from presence of composite bow?
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4 | Parthian Empire I | absent | Inferred | 247 BCE 40 CE | ||
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5 | Parthian Empire II | absent | Inferred | 41 CE 226 CE | ||
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6 | Sui Dynasty | present | Inferred | 581 CE 618 CE | ||
Composite bow was used by the military. Was the self bow used as well?
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7 | La Tene C2-D | present | Confident | 175 BCE 27 BCE | ||
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8 | Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty | present | Inferred | 1454 CE 1517 CE | ||
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9 | Ghur Principality | unknown | Suspected | 1025 CE 1215 CE | ||
-
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10 | Jin Dynasty | present | Confident | 1115 CE 1234 CE | ||
-
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11 | Great Yuan | present | Confident | 1271 CE 1368 CE | ||
-
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12 | Neguanje | unknown | Suspected | 250 CE 1050 CE | ||
-
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13 | Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III | unknown | Suspected | 1412 CE 1517 CE | ||
-
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14 | Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II | unknown | Suspected | 1348 CE 1412 CE | ||
-
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15 | Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period | present | Confident | 1293 BCE 1070 BCE | ||
-
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16 | Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period | present | Confident | 1550 BCE 1293 BCE | ||
-
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17 | Final Postpalatial Crete | present | Confident | 1200 BCE 1000 BCE | ||
-
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18 | Geometric Crete | present | Confident | 1000 BCE 710 BCE | ||
-
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19 | Monopalatial Crete | present | Confident | 1450 BCE 1300 BCE | ||
-
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20 | Old Palace Crete | unknown | Suspected | 1900 BCE 1700 BCE | ||
-
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21 | Postpalatial Crete | present | Confident | 1300 BCE 1200 BCE | ||
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22 | Prepalatial Crete | unknown | Suspected | 3000 BCE 1900 BCE | ||
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23 | Hephthalites | absent | Inferred | 408 CE 561 CE | ||
Powerful composite bows suggest these weapons had become obsolete
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24 | Tocharians | absent | Inferred | 129 BCE 29 CE | ||
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25 | Western Jin | present | Inferred | 265 CE 317 CE | ||
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26 | Hmong - Early Chinese | unknown | Suspected | 1895 CE 1941 CE | ||
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27 | Hmong - Late Qing | unknown | Suspected | 1701 CE 1895 CE | ||
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28 | Jin | present | Inferred | 780 BCE 404 BCE | ||
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29 | Northern Song | absent | Inferred | 960 CE 1127 CE | ||
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30 | Early Qing | present | Confident | 1644 CE 1796 CE | ||
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31 | Late Qing | present | Confident | 1796 CE 1912 CE | ||
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32 | Late Shang | present | Inferred | 1250 BCE 1045 BCE | ||
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33 | Tang Dynasty I | absent | Inferred | 617 CE 763 CE | ||
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34 | Tang Dynasty II | absent | Inferred | 763 CE 907 CE | ||
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35 | Western Zhou | present | Inferred | 1122 BCE 771 BCE | ||
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36 | Ayyubid Sultanate | present | Confident | 1171 CE 1250 CE | ||
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37 | Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I | present | Inferred | 1260 CE 1348 CE | ||
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38 | Naqada I | present | Confident | 3800 BCE 3550 BCE | ||
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39 | Egypt - Late Old Kingdom | present | Confident | 2350 BCE 2150 BCE | ||
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40 | Egypt - Saite Period | present | Confident | 664 BCE 525 BCE | ||
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41 | Chuuk - Early Truk | unknown | Suspected | 1775 CE 1886 CE | ||
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42 | Chuuk - Late Truk | unknown | Suspected | 1886 CE 1948 CE | ||
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43 | Beaker Culture | present | Confident | 3200 BCE 2000 BCE | ||
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44 | Hallstatt A-B1 | present | Inferred | 1000 BCE 900 BCE | ||
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45 | Hallstatt D | present | Inferred | 600 BCE 475 BCE | ||
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46 | La Tene A-B1 | present | Confident | 475 BCE 325 BCE | ||
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47 | La Tene B2-C1 | present | Confident | 325 BCE 175 BCE | ||
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48 | Archaic Crete | present | Confident | 710 BCE 500 BCE | ||
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49 | The Emirate of Crete | present | Confident | 824 CE 961 CE | ||
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50 | Yisrael | present | Confident | 1030 BCE 722 BCE | ||
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51 | Delhi Sultanate | unknown | Suspected | 1206 CE 1526 CE | ||
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52 | Ak Koyunlu | unknown | Suspected | 1339 CE 1501 CE | ||
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53 | Qajar | unknown | Suspected | 1794 CE 1925 CE | ||
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54 | Ostrogothic Kingdom | unknown | Confident | 489 CE 554 CE | ||
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55 | Papal States - Early Modern Period I | present | Confident | 1527 CE 1648 CE | ||
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56 | Iban - Pre-Brooke | absent | Confident | 1650 CE 1841 CE | ||
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57 | Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial | absent | Confident | 1841 CE 1987 CE | ||
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58 | Mataram Sultanate | absent | Confident | 1568 CE 1755 CE | ||
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59 | Yehuda | present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||
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60 | Deccan - Neolithic | present | Inferred | 2700 BCE 1200 BCE | ||
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61 | Chalcolithic Middle Ganga | unknown | Suspected | 3000 BCE 601 BCE | ||
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62 | Neolithic Middle Ganga | unknown | Suspected | 7000 BCE 3001 BCE | ||
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63 | Kannauj - Varman Dynasty | present | Confident | 650 CE 780 CE | ||
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64 | Mahajanapada era | present | Confident | 600 BCE 324 BCE | ||
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65 | Mughal Empire | present | Confident | 1526 CE 1858 CE | ||
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66 | Vijayanagara Empire | present | Confident | 1336 CE 1646 CE | ||
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67 | Amorite Babylonia | present | Confident | 2000 BCE 1600 BCE | ||
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68 | Neo-Babylonian Empire | present | Inferred | 626 BCE 539 BCE | ||
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69 | Uruk | present | Inferred | 4200 BCE 3501 BCE | ||
A Late Uruk cylinder seal "shows an early arms factory making bows and bronze daggers, and perhaps javelins as well".
[1]
[1]: (Hamblin 2006:40) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/4WM3RBTD. |
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70 | Buyid Confederation | absent | Inferred | 932 CE 1062 CE | ||
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71 | Pre-Ceramic Period | present | Inferred | 7800 BCE 7200 BCE | ||
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72 | Safavid Empire | absent | Inferred | 1501 CE 1722 CE | ||
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73 | Sasanid Empire I | absent | Inferred | 205 CE 487 CE | ||
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74 | Sasanid Empire II | absent | Inferred | 488 CE 642 CE | ||
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75 | Seljuk Sultanate | present | Confident | 1037 CE 1157 CE | ||
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76 | Susa II | present | Inferred | 3800 BCE 3100 BCE | ||
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77 | Latium - Iron Age | present | Inferred | 1000 BCE 580 BCE | ||
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78 | Rome - Republic of St Peter II | present | Inferred | 904 CE 1198 CE | ||
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79 | Papal States - High Medieval Period | present | Confident Uncertain | 1198 CE 1309 CE | ||
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80 | Papal States - High Medieval Period | absent | Confident Uncertain | 1198 CE 1309 CE | ||
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81 | Papal States - Early Modern Period II | absent | Confident | 1648 CE 1809 CE | ||
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82 | Papal States - Renaissance Period | present | Confident | 1378 CE 1527 CE | ||
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83 | Exarchate of Ravenna | present | Confident | 568 CE 751 CE | ||
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84 | Yemen - Late Bronze Age | present | Confident Uncertain | 1200 BCE 801 BCE | ||
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85 | Late Roman Republic | absent | Confident | 133 BCE 31 BCE | ||
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86 | Roman Empire - Principate | present | Confident | 31 BCE 284 CE | ||
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87 | Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity | unknown | Confident | 395 CE 476 CE | ||
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88 | Republic of St Peter I | present | Confident | 711 CE 904 CE | ||
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89 | Saadi Sultanate | unknown | Suspected | 1554 CE 1659 CE | ||
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90 | Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty | unknown | Suspected | 1493 CE 1591 CE | ||
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91 | Eastern Turk Khaganate | unknown | Suspected | 583 CE 630 CE | ||
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92 | Mongol Empire | unknown | Suspected | 1206 CE 1368 CE | ||
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93 | Late Mongols | unknown | Suspected | 1368 CE 1690 CE | ||
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94 | Rouran Khaganate | unknown | Suspected | 300 CE 555 CE | ||
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95 | Shiwei | unknown | Suspected | 600 CE 1000 CE | ||
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96 | Second Turk Khaganate | unknown | Suspected | 682 CE 744 CE | ||
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97 | Xianbei Confederation | unknown | Suspected | 100 CE 250 CE | ||
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98 | Zungharian Empire | unknown | Suspected | 1670 CE 1757 CE | ||
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99 | Middle Roman Republic | present | Inferred | 264 BCE 133 BCE | ||
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100 | Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama | unknown | Suspected | 1568 CE 1603 CE | ||
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101 | Japan - Middle Jomon | present | Inferred | 3500 BCE 2500 BCE | ||
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102 | Kamakura Shogunate | present | Inferred | 1185 CE 1333 CE | ||
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103 | Nara Kingdom | unknown | Suspected | 710 CE 794 CE | ||
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104 | Kara-Khanids | absent | Inferred | 950 CE 1212 CE | ||
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105 | Funan I | present | Confident | 225 CE 540 CE | ||
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106 | Jenne-jeno I | present | Confident Uncertain | 250 BCE 49 CE | ||
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107 | Jenne-jeno I | absent | Confident Uncertain | 250 BCE 49 CE | ||
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108 | Jenne-jeno II | present | Confident Uncertain | 50 CE 399 CE | ||
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109 | Jenne-jeno II | absent | Confident Uncertain | 50 CE 399 CE | ||
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110 | Jenne-jeno III | present | Confident Uncertain | 400 CE 899 CE | ||
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111 | Jenne-jeno IV | present | Confident Uncertain | 900 CE 1300 CE | ||
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112 | Early Mongols | present | Confident | 1000 CE 1206 CE | ||
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113 | Uigur Khaganate | unknown | Suspected | 745 CE 840 CE | ||
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114 | Monte Alban IIIB and IV | unknown | Suspected | 500 CE 900 CE | ||
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115 | Early Formative Basin of Mexico | absent | Inferred | 1200 BCE 801 BCE | ||
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116 | Toltecs | absent | Inferred | 900 CE 1199 CE | ||
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117 | Kingdom of Norway II | present | Confident | 1262 CE 1396 CE | ||
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118 | Cuzco - Early Intermediate I | present | Inferred | 200 CE 499 CE | ||
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119 | Cuzco - Early Intermediate II | present | Inferred | 500 CE 649 CE | ||
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120 | Cuzco - Late Formative | present | Inferred | 500 BCE 200 CE | ||
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121 | Neolithic Yemen | present | Confident Uncertain | 3500 BCE 1201 BCE | ||
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122 | Qatabanian Commonwealth | unknown | Confident | 450 BCE 111 BCE | ||
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123 | Yemen Ziyad Dynasty | unknown | Suspected | 822 CE 1037 CE | ||
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124 | Sind - Samma Dynasty | unknown | Suspected | 1335 CE 1521 CE | ||
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125 | Byzantine Empire I | unknown | Suspected | 632 CE 866 CE | ||
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126 | Byzantine Empire II | unknown | Confident | 867 CE 1072 CE | ||
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127 | Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic | present | Inferred | 5500 BCE 3000 BCE | ||
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128 | East Roman Empire | unknown | Confident | 395 CE 631 CE | ||
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129 | Konya Plain - Early Neolithic | unknown | Suspected | 9600 BCE 7000 BCE | ||
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130 | Ottoman Empire I | unknown | Suspected | 1402 CE 1517 CE | ||
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131 | Ottoman Empire II | unknown | Suspected | 1517 CE 1683 CE | ||
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132 | Ottoman Empire III | absent | Confident | 1683 CE 1839 CE | ||
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133 | Roman Empire - Dominate | absent | Confident | 285 CE 394 CE | ||
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134 | Chagatai Khanate | unknown | Suspected | 1263 CE 1402 CE | ||
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135 | Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty | unknown | Suspected | 1637 CE 1805 CE | ||
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136 | Yemen - Era of Warlords | unknown | Suspected | 1038 CE 1174 CE | ||
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137 | Durrani Empire | present | Confident | 1747 CE 1826 CE | ||
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138 | Greco-Bactrian Kingdom | present | Inferred | 256 BCE 125 BCE | ||
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139 | Kidarite Kingdom | present | Confident | 388 CE 477 CE | ||
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140 | Kushan Empire | unknown | Suspected | 35 CE 319 CE | ||
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141 | Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period | present | Confident | 1300 BCE 500 BCE | ||
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142 | Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period | absent | Inferred | 854 CE 1193 CE | ||
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143 | Umayyad Caliphate | present | Confident | 661 CE 750 CE | ||
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144 | Rattanakosin | present | Confident | 1782 CE 1873 CE | ||
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145 | Fatimid Caliphate | unknown | Suspected | 909 CE 1171 CE | ||
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146 | Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic | present | Inferred | 6000 BCE 5500 BCE | ||
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147 | Ottoman Emirate | absent | Inferred | 1299 CE 1402 CE | ||
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148 | Phrygian Kingdom | present | Confident | 900 BCE 695 BCE | ||
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149 | Early Illinois Confederation | present | Confident | 1640 CE 1717 CE | ||
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150 | Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period | absent | Confident | 1778 CE 1819 CE | ||
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151 | Cahokia - Middle Woodland | absent | Confident | 150 BCE 300 CE | ||
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152 | Oneota | present | Confident | 1400 CE 1650 CE | ||
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153 | Samanid Empire | absent | Inferred | 819 CE 999 CE | ||
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154 | Sogdiana - City-States Period | absent | Inferred | 604 CE 711 CE | ||
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155 | Timurid Empire | absent | Inferred | 1370 CE 1526 CE | ||
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156 | Eastern Han Empire | present | Inferred | 25 CE 220 CE | ||
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157 | Erligang | present | Confident | 1650 BCE 1250 BCE | ||
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158 | Erlitou | present | Confident | 1850 BCE 1600 BCE | ||
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159 | Longshan | present | Inferred | 3000 BCE 1900 BCE | ||
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160 | Great Ming | present | Confident | 1368 CE 1644 CE | ||
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161 | Northern Wei | present | Inferred | 386 CE 534 CE | ||
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162 | Peiligang | present | Inferred | 7000 BCE 5001 BCE | ||
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163 | Early Wei Dynasty | present | Inferred | 445 BCE 225 BCE | ||
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164 | Western Han Empire | present | Inferred | 202 BCE 9 CE | ||
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165 | Yangshao | present | Inferred | 5000 BCE 3000 BCE | ||
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166 | Egypt - Dynasty I | present | Confident | 3100 BCE 2900 BCE | ||
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167 | Tairona | present | Confident | 1050 CE 1524 CE | ||
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168 | French Kingdom - Early Bourbon | absent | Inferred | 1589 CE 1660 CE | ||
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169 | French Kingdom - Late Bourbon | absent | Confident | 1660 CE 1815 CE | ||
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170 | Shuar - Colonial | present | Confident | 1534 CE 1675 CE | ||
Bows and arrows were in use until the 17th century and later replaced with blowguns: ’Sometime during the latter part of the seventeenth century the bow and arrow and the spear thrower began to go out of use, being replaced by the blowgun with poison darts... The use of the spear thrower appears now to be entirely forgotten by the Jivaros.’
[1]
’Ordinary bows and arrows of the kind used by most other South American Indians, are entirely unknown both to the Jibaros and the Canelos Indians.’
[2]
’Some words may be added as to the arrows used for the poison and the blowgun with which they are shot off. The arrows bear no similarity to the ordinary long arrows known from most South American tribes and let off with a bow, a type of weapon entirely unknown to the Jibaros.’
[3]
’The speed with which the darts are produced makes the blowgun an extremely economical weapon to operate compared, for example, to the bow and arrow, with which the Jívaro are not acquainted.’
[4]
1675 was selected as a provisional date of transition, although the historical process was more fluid than that.
[1]: Stirling, Matthew Williams. 1938. “Historical And Ethnographical Material On The Jivaro Indians.”, 79-86 [2]: Karsten, Rafael. 1935. “Head-Hunters Of Western Amazonas: The Life And Culture Of The Jibaro Indians Of Eastern Ecuador And Peru.”, 107 [3]: Karsten, Rafael. 1935. “Head-Hunters Of Western Amazonas: The Life And Culture Of The Jibaro Indians Of Eastern Ecuador And Peru.”, 156 [4]: Harner, Michael J. 1973. “Jívaro: People Of The Sacred Waterfalls.”, 57 |
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171 | Shuar - Colonial | absent | Confident | 1676 CE 1830 CE | ||
Bows and arrows were in use until the 17th century and later replaced with blowguns: ’Sometime during the latter part of the seventeenth century the bow and arrow and the spear thrower began to go out of use, being replaced by the blowgun with poison darts... The use of the spear thrower appears now to be entirely forgotten by the Jivaros.’
[1]
’Ordinary bows and arrows of the kind used by most other South American Indians, are entirely unknown both to the Jibaros and the Canelos Indians.’
[2]
’Some words may be added as to the arrows used for the poison and the blowgun with which they are shot off. The arrows bear no similarity to the ordinary long arrows known from most South American tribes and let off with a bow, a type of weapon entirely unknown to the Jibaros.’
[3]
’The speed with which the darts are produced makes the blowgun an extremely economical weapon to operate compared, for example, to the bow and arrow, with which the Jívaro are not acquainted.’
[4]
1675 was selected as a provisional date of transition, although the historical process was more fluid than that.
[1]: Stirling, Matthew Williams. 1938. “Historical And Ethnographical Material On The Jivaro Indians.”, 79-86 [2]: Karsten, Rafael. 1935. “Head-Hunters Of Western Amazonas: The Life And Culture Of The Jibaro Indians Of Eastern Ecuador And Peru.”, 107 [3]: Karsten, Rafael. 1935. “Head-Hunters Of Western Amazonas: The Life And Culture Of The Jibaro Indians Of Eastern Ecuador And Peru.”, 156 [4]: Harner, Michael J. 1973. “Jívaro: People Of The Sacred Waterfalls.”, 57 |
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172 | Shuar - Ecuadorian | absent | Confident | 1831 CE 1931 CE | ||
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173 | Badarian | present | Confident | 4400 BCE 3800 BCE | ||
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174 | Egypt - Dynasty II | present | Confident | 2900 BCE 2687 BCE | ||
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175 | Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period | present | Inferred | 404 BCE 342 BCE | ||
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176 | Proto-French Kingdom | present | Confident | 987 CE 1150 CE | ||
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177 | Egypt - Middle Kingdom | present | Confident | 2016 BCE 1700 BCE | ||
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178 | Naqada II | present | Confident | 3550 BCE 3300 BCE | ||
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179 | Egypt - Dynasty 0 | present | Confident | 3300 BCE 3100 BCE | ||
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180 | Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom | present | Confident | 2650 BCE 2350 BCE | ||
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181 | Ptolemaic Kingdom I | present | Confident | 305 BCE 217 BCE | ||
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182 | Ptolemaic Kingdom II | present | Confident | 217 BCE 30 BCE | ||
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183 | Egypt - Period of the Regions | present | Confident | 2150 BCE 2016 BCE | ||
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184 | Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period | present | Confident | 1720 BCE 1567 BCE | ||
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185 | Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period | present | Confident | 1069 BCE 747 BCE | ||
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186 | Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period | present | Confident | 868 CE 969 CE | ||
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187 | Spanish Empire I | present | Inferred | 1516 CE 1715 CE | ||
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188 | Atlantic Complex | present | Inferred | 2200 BCE 1000 BCE | ||
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189 | French Kingdom - Late Capetian | present | Confident | 1150 CE 1200 CE | ||
Simple bow was little used.
[1]
Was it used a little? With the influx of crossbows, the use of short bows died out in French armies, and by the 13th century they were not considered a weapon of war.
[2]
Indicative: In the 1475-1477 Swiss-Burgundian War, Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, hired Italian and English mercenaries - especially English longbowmen."
[3]
[1]: (Boulton 1995 67-68) Jonathan D Boulton. Armor And Weapons. William W Kibler. Grover A Zinn. Lawrence Earp. John Bell Henneman Jr. 1995. Routledge Revivals: Medieval France (1995): An Encyclopedia. Routledge. Abingdon. [2]: (De Vries in Kibler et al 1995, 114) [3]: (Devries and Smith 2007, 166) Kelly Devries. Robert D Smith. 2007. Medieval Weapons: An Illustrated History of Their Impact. ABC-CLIO. Santa Barbara. |
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190 | French Kingdom - Late Capetian | present | Inferred | 1201 CE 1328 CE | ||
Simple bow was little used.
[1]
Was it used a little? With the influx of crossbows, the use of short bows died out in French armies, and by the 13th century they were not considered a weapon of war.
[2]
Indicative: In the 1475-1477 Swiss-Burgundian War, Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, hired Italian and English mercenaries - especially English longbowmen."
[3]
[1]: (Boulton 1995 67-68) Jonathan D Boulton. Armor And Weapons. William W Kibler. Grover A Zinn. Lawrence Earp. John Bell Henneman Jr. 1995. Routledge Revivals: Medieval France (1995): An Encyclopedia. Routledge. Abingdon. [2]: (De Vries in Kibler et al 1995, 114) [3]: (Devries and Smith 2007, 166) Kelly Devries. Robert D Smith. 2007. Medieval Weapons: An Illustrated History of Their Impact. ABC-CLIO. Santa Barbara. |
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191 | Carolingian Empire I | present | Confident | 752 CE 840 CE | ||
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192 | Carolingian Empire II | present | Confident | 840 CE 987 CE | ||
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193 | Hallstatt B2-3 | present | Inferred | 900 BCE 700 BCE | ||
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194 | Hallstatt C | present | Inferred | 700 BCE 600 BCE | ||
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195 | Early Merovingian | present | Confident | 481 CE 543 CE | ||
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196 | Proto-Carolingian | present | Confident | 687 CE 751 CE | ||
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197 | Middle Merovingian | present | Confident | 543 CE 687 CE | ||
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198 | French Kingdom - Early Valois | present | Confident | 1328 CE 1450 CE | ||
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199 | French Kingdom - Late Valois | present | Inferred | 1450 CE 1589 CE | ||
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200 | Akan - Pre-Ashanti | present | Inferred | 1501 CE 1701 CE | ||
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201 | Ashanti Empire | present | Inferred | 1701 CE 1895 CE | ||
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202 | Classical Crete | present | Confident | 500 BCE 323 BCE | ||
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203 | Hellenistic Crete | present | Confident | 323 BCE 69 BCE | ||
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204 | New Palace Crete | present | Confident | 1700 BCE 1450 BCE | ||
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205 | Hawaii I | unknown | Suspected | 1000 CE 1200 CE | ||
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206 | Hawaii II | unknown | Suspected | 1200 CE 1580 CE | ||
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207 | Hawaii III | absent | Confident | 1580 CE 1778 CE | ||
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208 | Java - Buni Culture | present | Confident | 400 BCE 301 BCE | ||
"While the Neolithic Javanese had the bow and arrow, we have no arrow point specimens in the Bronze Age. In fact, this lack of the bow and arrow in Bronze Age Indonesia explains the comparative lack of the bow and arrow in Western Indonesia, and its presence in modern Eastern Indonesia and the Mentawei Islands. The words for "bow" (gendwa,"
[1]
[1]: (American Oriental Society 1944, 123) American Oriental Society. 1944. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Volume 64. |
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209 | Java - Buni Culture | unknown | Suspected | 300 BCE 500 CE | ||
"While the Neolithic Javanese had the bow and arrow, we have no arrow point specimens in the Bronze Age. In fact, this lack of the bow and arrow in Bronze Age Indonesia explains the comparative lack of the bow and arrow in Western Indonesia, and its presence in modern Eastern Indonesia and the Mentawei Islands. The words for "bow" (gendwa,"
[1]
[1]: (American Oriental Society 1944, 123) American Oriental Society. 1944. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Volume 64. |
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210 | Kalingga Kingdom | present | Inferred | 500 CE 732 CE | ||
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211 | Kediri Kingdom | present | Confident | 1049 CE 1222 CE | ||
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212 | Majapahit Kingdom | present | Confident | 1292 CE 1518 CE | ||
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213 | Medang Kingdom | present | Confident | 732 CE 1019 CE | ||
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214 | Kingdom of Ayodhya | present | Confident | 64 BCE 34 CE | ||
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215 | Chalukyas of Badami | present | Confident | 543 CE 753 CE | ||
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216 | Chalukyas of Kalyani | present | Confident | 973 CE 1189 CE | ||
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217 | Deccan - Iron Age | present | Confident | 1200 BCE 300 BCE | ||
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218 | Mali Empire | present | Confident | 1230 CE 1410 CE | ||
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219 | Post-Mauryan Kingdoms | present | Confident | 205 BCE 101 BCE | ||
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220 | Early A'chik | present | Inferred | 1775 CE 1867 CE | ||
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221 | Neo-Assyrian Empire | present | Confident | 911 BCE 612 BCE | ||
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222 | Late A'chik | unknown | Confident | 1867 CE 1956 CE | ||
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223 | Gahadavala Dynasty | present | Confident | 1085 CE 1193 CE | ||
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224 | Gupta Empire | present | Confident | 320 CE 550 CE | ||
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225 | Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty | present | Confident | 730 CE 1030 CE | ||
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226 | Hoysala Kingdom | present | Confident | 1108 CE 1346 CE | ||
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227 | Elam - Awan Dynasty I | present | Confident | 2675 BCE 2100 BCE | ||
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228 | Kadamba Empire | present | Confident | 345 CE 550 CE | ||
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229 | Kampili Kingdom | present | Confident | 1280 CE 1327 CE | ||
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230 | Magadha | present | Confident | 450 CE 605 CE | ||
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231 | Magadha - Maurya Empire | present | Inferred | 324 BCE 187 BCE | ||
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232 | Southern Mesopotamia Neolithic | absent | Inferred | 9000 BCE 5501 BCE | ||
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233 | Rashtrakuta Empire | present | Confident | 753 CE 973 CE | ||
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234 | Satavahana Empire | present | Confident | 100 BCE 200 CE | ||
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235 | Magadha - Sunga Empire | present | Inferred | 187 BCE 65 BCE | ||
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236 | Susa I | present | Inferred | 4300 BCE 3800 BCE | ||
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237 | Vakataka Kingdom | present | Confident | 255 CE 550 CE | ||
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238 | Abbasid Caliphate I | unknown | Suspected | 750 CE 946 CE | ||
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239 | Abbasid Caliphate II | absent | Inferred | 1191 CE 1258 CE | ||
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240 | Akkadian Empire | present | Confident | 2270 BCE 2083 BCE | ||
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241 | Kassite Babylonia | present | Inferred | 1595 BCE 1150 BCE | ||
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242 | Early Dynastic | present | Confident | 2900 BCE 2500 BCE | ||
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243 | Ubaid | absent | Inferred | 5500 BCE 4201 BCE | ||
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244 | Ur - Dynasty III | present | Confident | 2112 BCE 2004 BCE | ||
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245 | Uruk | present | Confident | 3500 BCE 3000 BCE | ||
A Late Uruk cylinder seal "shows an early arms factory making bows and bronze daggers, and perhaps javelins as well".
[1]
[1]: (Hamblin 2006:40) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/4WM3RBTD. |
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246 | Achaemenid Empire | present | Confident | 550 BCE 331 BCE | ||
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247 | Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar | present | Inferred | 7000 BCE 6000 BCE | ||
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248 | Susa III | present | Inferred | 3100 BCE 2675 BCE | ||
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249 | Inca Empire | present | Confident | 1375 CE 1532 CE | ||
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250 | Elam - Crisis Period | present | Confident | 1100 BCE 900 BCE | ||
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251 | Elymais II | present | Inferred | 25 CE 215 CE | ||
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252 | Formative Period | present | Inferred | 7200 BCE 7000 BCE | ||
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253 | Susiana A | present | Inferred | 6000 BCE 5700 BCE | ||
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254 | Susiana B | present | Inferred | 5700 BCE 5100 BCE | ||
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255 | Susiana - Late Ubaid | present | Inferred | 4700 BCE 4300 BCE | ||
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256 | Susiana - Early Ubaid | present | Inferred | 5100 BCE 4700 BCE | ||
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257 | Elam - Kidinuid Period | present | Confident | 1500 BCE 1400 BCE | ||
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258 | Elam - Igihalkid Period | present | Confident | 1399 BCE 1200 BCE | ||
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259 | Elam - Shutrukid Period | present | Confident | 1199 BCE 1100 BCE | ||
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260 | Elam I | present | Confident | 900 BCE 744 BCE | ||
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261 | Elam II | present | Confident | 743 BCE 647 BCE | ||
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262 | Icelandic Commonwealth | present | Confident | 930 CE 1262 CE | ||
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263 | Elam III | present | Confident | 612 BCE 539 BCE | ||
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264 | Seleucids | present | Confident | 312 BCE 63 BCE | ||
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265 | Elam - Shimashki Period | present | Confident | 2028 BCE 1940 BCE | ||
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266 | Late Xiongnu | unknown | Suspected | 60 BCE 100 CE | ||
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267 | Elam - Early Sukkalmah | present | Confident | 1900 BCE 1701 BCE | ||
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268 | Elam - Late Sukkalmah | present | Confident | 1700 BCE 1500 BCE | ||
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269 | Latium - Bronze Age | present | Inferred | 1800 BCE 900 BCE | ||
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270 | Latium - Copper Age | present | Inferred | 3600 BCE 1800 BCE | ||
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271 | Early Roman Republic | present | Inferred | 509 BCE 264 BCE | ||
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272 | Roman Kingdom | present | Inferred | 716 BCE 509 BCE | ||
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273 | Ashikaga Shogunate | absent | Inferred | 1336 CE 1467 CE | ||
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274 | Asuka | present | Confident | 538 CE 710 CE | ||
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275 | Heian | present | Confident | 794 CE 1185 CE | ||
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276 | Japan - Incipient Jomon | present | Inferred | 13600 BCE 9200 BCE | ||
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277 | Japan - Initial Jomon | present | Inferred | 9200 BCE 5300 BCE | ||
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278 | Japan - Early Jomon | present | Inferred | 5300 BCE 3500 BCE | ||
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279 | Japan - Late Jomon | present | Inferred | 2500 BCE 1200 BCE | ||
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280 | Japan - Final Jomon | present | Inferred | 1200 BCE 300 BCE | ||
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281 | Kansai - Kofun Period | present | Confident | 250 CE 537 CE | ||
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282 | Warring States Japan | unknown | Suspected | 1467 CE 1568 CE | ||
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283 | Tokugawa Shogunate | unknown | Suspected | 1603 CE 1868 CE | ||
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284 | Kansai - Yayoi Period | present | Confident | 300 BCE 250 CE | ||
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285 | Western Turk Khaganate | present | Inferred | 582 CE 630 CE | ||
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286 | Chenla | present | Confident | 550 CE 825 CE | ||
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287 | Classical Angkor | present | Confident | 1100 CE 1220 CE | ||
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288 | Early Angkor | present | Confident | 802 CE 1100 CE | ||
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289 | Late Angkor | present | Confident | 1220 CE 1432 CE | ||
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290 | Khmer Kingdom | present | Confident | 1432 CE 1594 CE | ||
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291 | Funan II | present | Confident | 540 CE 640 CE | ||
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292 | Bronze Age Cambodia | unknown | Suspected | 1200 BCE 501 BCE | ||
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293 | Bronze Age Cambodia | present | Inferred | 500 BCE 224 CE | ||
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294 | Andronovo | unknown | Suspected | 1800 BCE 1200 BCE | ||
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295 | Phoenician Empire | present | Inferred | 1200 BCE 332 BCE | ||
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296 | Bamana kingdom | present | Confident | 1712 CE 1861 CE | ||
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297 | Jenne-jeno III | absent | Confident Uncertain | 400 CE 899 CE | ||
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298 | Jenne-jeno IV | absent | Confident Uncertain | 900 CE 1300 CE | ||
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299 | Segou Kingdom | present | Confident | 1650 CE 1712 CE | ||
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300 | Khitan I | unknown | Suspected | 907 CE 1125 CE | ||
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301 | Early Xiongnu | present | Confident | 1400 BCE 300 BCE | ||
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302 | Xiongnu Imperial Confederation | present | Confident | 209 BCE 60 BCE | ||
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303 | Later Wagadu Empire | present | Confident | 1078 CE 1203 CE | ||
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304 | Middle Wagadu Empire | present | Confident | 700 CE 1077 CE | ||
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305 | Early Monte Alban I | unknown | Suspected | 500 BCE 300 BCE | ||
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306 | Monte Alban Late I | unknown | Suspected | 300 BCE 100 BCE | ||
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307 | Monte Alban II | unknown | Suspected | 100 BCE 200 CE | ||
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308 | Monte Alban III | unknown | Suspected | 200 CE 500 CE | ||
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309 | Monte Alban V | present | Confident | 900 CE 1520 CE | ||
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310 | Archaic Basin of Mexico | absent | Inferred | 6000 BCE 2001 BCE | ||
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311 | Aztec Empire | present | Confident | 1427 CE 1526 CE | ||
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312 | Classic Basin of Mexico | absent | Confident | 100 CE 649 CE | ||
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313 | Epiclassic Basin of Mexico | absent | Inferred | 650 CE 899 CE | ||
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314 | Late Formative Basin of Mexico | absent | Confident | 400 BCE 101 BCE | ||
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315 | Middle Formative Basin of Mexico | absent | Inferred | 800 BCE 401 BCE | ||
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316 | Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico | absent | Confident | 100 BCE 99 CE | ||
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317 | Initial Formative Basin of Mexico | absent | Inferred | 2000 BCE 1201 BCE | ||
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318 | Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico | present | Confident | 1200 CE 1426 CE | ||
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319 | Oaxaca - Rosario | unknown | Suspected | 700 BCE 500 BCE | ||
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320 | Oaxaca - San Jose | unknown | Suspected | 1150 BCE 700 BCE | ||
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321 | Oaxaca - Tierras Largas | unknown | Suspected | 1400 BCE 1150 BCE | ||
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322 | Cuzco - Late Intermediate I | present | Inferred | 1000 CE 1250 CE | ||
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323 | Cuzco - Late Intermediate II | present | Inferred | 1250 CE 1400 CE | ||
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324 | Wari Empire | present | Confident | 650 CE 999 CE | ||
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325 | Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial | unknown | Suspected | 1734 CE 1883 CE | ||
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326 | Kachi Plain - Urban Period II | absent | Confident Uncertain | 2100 BCE 1800 BCE | ||
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327 | Orokaiva - Colonial | unknown | Suspected | 1884 CE 1942 CE | ||
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328 | Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic | absent | Confident | 7500 BCE 5500 BCE | ||
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329 | Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic | absent | Confident | 5500 BCE 4000 BCE | ||
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330 | Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic | absent | Confident | 4000 BCE 3200 BCE | ||
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331 | Indo-Greek Kingdom | present | Confident | 180 BCE 10 BCE | ||
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332 | Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period | present | Confident | 1800 BCE 1300 BCE | ||
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333 | Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period | absent | Confident | 3200 BCE 2500 BCE | ||
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334 | Kachi Plain - Urban Period I | present | Confident Uncertain | 2500 BCE 2100 BCE | ||
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335 | Kachi Plain - Urban Period I | absent | Confident Uncertain | 2500 BCE 2100 BCE | ||
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336 | Kachi Plain - Urban Period II | present | Confident Uncertain | 2100 BCE 1800 BCE | ||
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337 | Sakha - Early | present | Confident | 1400 CE 1632 CE | ||
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338 | Sakha - Late | present | Confident | 1632 CE 1900 CE | ||
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339 | Egypt - Kushite Period | present | Confident | 747 BCE 656 BCE | ||
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340 | Ayutthaya | present | Confident | 1593 CE 1767 CE | ||
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341 | Sarazm | present | Inferred | 3500 BCE 2000 BCE | ||
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342 | Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age | present | Inferred | 3000 BCE 2000 BCE | ||
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343 | Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II | present | Confident | 1500 BCE 1400 BCE | ||
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344 | Cahokia - Early Woodland | absent | Confident | 600 BCE 150 BCE | ||
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345 | Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia | present | Confident | 2000 BCE 1700 BCE | ||
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346 | Late Cappadocia | present | Confident | 330 BCE 16 CE | ||
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347 | Yemen - Late Bronze Age | absent | Confident Uncertain | 1200 BCE 801 BCE | ||
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348 | Hatti - New Kingdom | present | Confident | 1400 BCE 1180 BCE | ||
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349 | Hatti - Old Kingdom | present | Confident | 1650 BCE 1500 BCE | ||
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350 | Kingdom of Lydia | present | Confident | 670 BCE 546 BCE | ||
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351 | Lysimachus Kingdom | present | Confident | 323 BCE 281 BCE | ||
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352 | Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic | present | Inferred | 7000 BCE 6600 BCE | ||
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353 | Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II | present | Confident | 900 CE 1049 CE | ||
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354 | Konya Plain - Late Neolithic | present | Inferred | 6600 BCE 6000 BCE | ||
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355 | Neo-Hittite Kingdoms | present | Confident | 1180 BCE 900 BCE | ||
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356 | Rum Sultanate | present | Confident | 1077 CE 1307 CE | ||
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357 | Neolithic Yemen | absent | Confident Uncertain | 3500 BCE 1201 BCE | ||
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358 | Tabal Kingdoms | present | Confident | 900 BCE 730 BCE | ||
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359 | Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling | present | Confident | 1055 CE 1199 CE | ||
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360 | Cahokia - Moorehead | present | Confident | 1200 CE 1275 CE | ||
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361 | Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early | present | Confident | 1566 CE 1713 CE | ||
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362 | Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late | present | Confident | 1714 CE 1848 CE | ||
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363 | Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy | present | Confident | 1300 CE 1565 CE | ||
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364 | Cahokia - Late Woodland II | present | Confident | 450 CE 600 CE | ||
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365 | Cahokia - Late Woodland III | present | Confident | 600 CE 750 CE | ||
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366 | Rasulid Dynasty | present | Inferred | 1229 CE 1453 CE | ||
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367 | Cahokia - Late Woodland I | present | Confident | 300 CE 450 CE | ||
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368 | Cahokia - Sand Prairie | present | Confident | 1275 CE 1400 CE | ||
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369 | Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I | present | Confident | 750 CE 900 CE | ||
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370 | Khanate of Bukhara | unknown | Suspected | 1599 CE 1747 CE | ||
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371 | Ancient Khwarazm | present | Inferred | 1000 BCE 521 BCE | ||
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372 | Koktepe I | present | Confident | 1400 BCE 1000 BCE | ||
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373 | Koktepe II | unknown | Suspected | 750 BCE 550 BCE | ||
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374 | Sabaean Commonwealth | present | Inferred | 800 BCE 451 BCE | ||
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