Section: Handheld weapons
Variable: War Club (All coded records)
The absence or presence of war_clubs as a military technology used in warfare. Includes maces  
War Club
#  Polity  Coded Value Tags Year(s) Edit Desc
1 British Empire IIIIIIIIII present Inferred 1850 CE 1968 CE
Coded inferred present as they could be used by indigenous forces under British command? Ed.
2 Sui Dynasty present Inferred 581 CE 618 CE
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3 Tang Dynasty I present Inferred 617 CE 763 CE
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4 Erligang present Inferred 1650 BCE 1250 BCE
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5 Erlitou present Inferred 1850 BCE 1600 BCE
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6 Late Shang present Inferred 1250 BCE 1045 BCE
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7 Yemen Ziyad Dynasty present Inferred 822 CE 1037 CE
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8 Tang Dynasty II present Inferred 763 CE 907 CE
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9 Western Han Empire present Inferred 202 BCE 9 CE
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10 Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period present Inferred 1293 BCE 1070 BCE
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11 Ptolemaic Kingdom I absent Inferred 305 BCE 217 BCE
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12 Ptolemaic Kingdom II absent Inferred 217 BCE 30 BCE
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13 Atlantic Complex present Inferred 2200 BCE 1000 BCE
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14 Beaker Culture present Inferred 3200 BCE 2000 BCE
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15 Carolingian Empire I absent Inferred 752 CE 840 CE
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16 Hallstatt A-B1 present Inferred 1000 BCE 900 BCE
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17 Hallstatt B2-3 present Inferred 900 BCE 700 BCE
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18 Hallstatt C present Inferred 700 BCE 600 BCE
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19 Hallstatt D present Inferred 600 BCE 475 BCE
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20 La Tene B2-C1 present Inferred 325 BCE 175 BCE
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21 French Kingdom - Late Valois present Inferred 1450 CE 1589 CE
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22 Magadha - Maurya Empire present Inferred 324 BCE 187 BCE
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23 Southern Mesopotamia Neolithic absent Inferred 9000 BCE 5501 BCE
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24 Elam - Awan Dynasty I present Inferred 2675 BCE 2100 BCE
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25 Latium - Bronze Age present Inferred 1800 BCE 900 BCE
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26 Late Roman Republic absent Inferred 133 BCE 31 BCE
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27 Middle Roman Republic absent Inferred 264 BCE 133 BCE
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28 Western Turk Khaganate present Inferred 582 CE 630 CE
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29 Classical Angkor absent Inferred 1100 CE 1220 CE
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30 Khmer Kingdom absent Inferred 1432 CE 1594 CE
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31 Eastern Han Empire present Inferred 25 CE 220 CE
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32 Saadi Sultanate present Inferred 1554 CE 1659 CE
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33 Jenne-jeno II present Inferred 50 CE 399 CE
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34 Middle Formative Basin of Mexico absent Inferred 800 BCE 401 BCE
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35 Yemen - Era of Warlords present Inferred 1038 CE 1174 CE
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36 Ghur Principality present Inferred 1025 CE 1215 CE
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37 Hephthalites present Inferred 408 CE 561 CE
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38 Western Jin present Inferred 265 CE 317 CE
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39 Ottoman Empire III present Inferred 1683 CE 1839 CE
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40 Chagatai Khanate present Inferred 1263 CE 1402 CE
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41 Jin present Inferred 780 BCE 404 BCE
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42 Northern Wei present Inferred 386 CE 534 CE
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43 Early Wei Dynasty present Inferred 445 BCE 225 BCE
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44 Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period absent Inferred 404 BCE 342 BCE
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45 Egypt - Middle Kingdom present Inferred 2016 BCE 1700 BCE
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46 Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period present Inferred 1550 BCE 1293 BCE
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47 Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom present Inferred 2650 BCE 2350 BCE
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48 Egypt - Late Old Kingdom present Inferred 2350 BCE 2150 BCE
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49 Egypt - Period of the Regions present Inferred 2150 BCE 2016 BCE
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50 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period present Inferred 1720 BCE 1567 BCE
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51 Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period present Inferred 868 CE 969 CE
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52 Spanish Empire I present Inferred 1516 CE 1715 CE
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53 Ak Koyunlu present Inferred 1339 CE 1501 CE
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54 French Kingdom - Early Bourbon absent Inferred 1589 CE 1660 CE
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55 Carolingian Empire II absent Inferred 840 CE 987 CE
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56 La Tene A-B1 present Inferred 475 BCE 325 BCE
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57 La Tene C2-D present Inferred 175 BCE 27 BCE
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58 Gupta Empire present Inferred 320 CE 550 CE
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59 Java - Buni Culture present Inferred 150 CE 500 CE
Paleolithic Patjitan culture in Java had stone tools like hand-axes that could have been used for or developed into a weapon of war. [1] According to the Chinese Nan chou i wu chih (A Record of Strange Things in the Southern Regions) written about 222-228 CE a volcanic country called ’Ge-ying’ (thought to be western Java) traded with the Malay Peninsula and imported horses from India. They were used by warriors. [2] Dewawarman I may have founded Salakanagara in west West Java 130 CE. He followed Aji Saka who may have introduced ’Buddhism, letters, calendar, etc.’) into Central and East Java 78 CE. [3]

[1]: (Barstra 1976, 77) Gert-Jan Bartstra. 1976. Contributions to the Study of the Palaeolithic Patjitan Culture Java, Indonesia. Part 1. Volume 6. E J BRILL. Leiden.

[2]: (Miksic and Goh 2017, 215) John Norman Miksic. Geok Yian Goh. Routledge. 2017. Ancient Southeast Asia. London. p. 215

[3]: (Iguchi 2015) Masatoshi Iguchi. 2015. Java Essay: The History and Culture of a Southern Country. Troubador Publishing Ltd.


60 Kalingga Kingdom present Inferred 500 CE 732 CE
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61 Kingdom of Ayodhya present Inferred 64 BCE 34 CE
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62 Chalukyas of Kalyani present Inferred 973 CE 1189 CE
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63 Deccan - Iron Age present Inferred 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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64 Gahadavala Dynasty present Inferred 1085 CE 1193 CE
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65 Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty present Inferred 730 CE 1030 CE
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66 Kadamba Empire present Inferred 345 CE 550 CE
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67 Magadha present Inferred 450 CE 605 CE
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68 Rashtrakuta Empire present Inferred 753 CE 973 CE
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69 Satavahana Empire present Inferred 100 BCE 200 CE
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70 Magadha - Sunga Empire present Inferred 187 BCE 65 BCE
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71 Early Dynastic present Inferred 2900 BCE 2500 BCE
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72 Ubaid absent Inferred 5500 BCE 4201 BCE
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73 Elymais II present Inferred 25 CE 215 CE
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74 Elam - Igihalkid Period present Inferred 1399 BCE 1200 BCE
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75 Elam - Shutrukid Period present Inferred 1199 BCE 1100 BCE
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76 Sasanid Empire I present Inferred 205 CE 487 CE
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77 Elam - Shimashki Period present Inferred 2028 BCE 1940 BCE
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78 Elam - Early Sukkalmah absent Inferred 1900 BCE 1701 BCE
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79 Susa I present Inferred 4300 BCE 3800 BCE
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80 Latium - Iron Age present Inferred 1000 BCE 580 BCE
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81 Early Roman Republic present Inferred 509 BCE 264 BCE
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82 Roman Kingdom present Inferred 716 BCE 509 BCE
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83 Ashikaga Shogunate present Inferred 1336 CE 1467 CE
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84 Kara-Khanids present Inferred 950 CE 1212 CE
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85 Early Angkor absent Inferred 802 CE 1100 CE
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86 Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama present Inferred 1568 CE 1603 CE
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87 Kansai - Kofun Period present Inferred 250 CE 537 CE
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88 Nara Kingdom present Inferred 710 CE 794 CE
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89 Warring States Japan present Inferred 1467 CE 1568 CE
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90 Late Angkor absent Inferred 1220 CE 1432 CE
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91 Chenla absent Inferred 550 CE 825 CE
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92 Funan I absent Inferred 225 CE 540 CE
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93 Funan II absent Inferred 540 CE 640 CE
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94 Bamana kingdom present Inferred 1712 CE 1861 CE
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95 Jenne-jeno I present Inferred 250 BCE 49 CE
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96 Jenne-jeno III present Inferred 400 CE 899 CE
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97 Segou Kingdom present Inferred 1650 CE 1712 CE
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98 Classic Basin of Mexico absent Inferred 100 CE 649 CE
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99 Late Mongols present Inferred 1368 CE 1690 CE
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100 Monte Alban III present Inferred 200 CE 500 CE
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101 Monte Alban IIIB and IV present Inferred 500 CE 900 CE
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102 Archaic Basin of Mexico absent Inferred 6000 BCE 2001 BCE
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103 Early Formative Basin of Mexico absent Inferred 1200 BCE 801 BCE
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104 Initial Formative Basin of Mexico absent Inferred 2000 BCE 1201 BCE
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105 Indo-Greek Kingdom present Inferred 180 BCE 10 BCE
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106 Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period present Inferred 800 BCE
If "the first archaeologically recognizable, large post-Indus urban settlements are not earlier than the fifth century BC ... solidly visible states ... appear in a sudden profusion in the late first millennium B.C." [1] - who was king Stabrobates of India who used war elephants against a queen of Assyria (considered Shammuramat?) in the 9th century BCE? [2] One could infer king Stabrobates, if not based there himself, must have subdued and controlled the Kachi Plain region in order to invade Mesopotamia from ’India’. (Another source says Assyria invaded India and were driven out of Pakistan and India). [3] Diodorus Siculus says this too, queen Semiramis was based in Bactra (Bactria?). [4] If king Stabrobates’s polity controlled the Kachi Plain, then we code the according to the military technology he possessed. This would have included weapons of war. Note: one military historian estimates that the Assyrian army had a strategic range of 2000 km [5] which places the Indus region in reach of their forces.

[1]: (Ahmed 2014, 64) Mukhtar Ahmed. 2014. Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume V: The End of the Harappan Civilization, and the Aftermath. Foursome Group.

[2]: (Mayor 2014, 289) Adrienne Mayor. Animals in Warfare. Gordon Lindsay Campbell. ed. 2014. The Oxford Handbook of Animals in Classical Thought and Life. Oxford University Press. Oxford.

[3]: (Kistler 2007, 18) John M Kistler. 2007. War Elephants. University of Nebraska Press. Lincoln.

[4]: Diodorus Siculus. Delphi Complete Works of Diodorus Siculus. Delphi Classics.

[5]: (Gabriel 2002, 9) Richard A Gabriel. 2002. The Great Armies of Antiquity. Praeger. Westport.


107 Egypt - Kushite Period absent Inferred 747 BCE 656 BCE
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108 Ayutthaya absent Inferred 1593 CE 1767 CE
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109 Rattanakosin absent Inferred 1782 CE 1873 CE
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110 Sarazm present Inferred 3500 BCE 2000 BCE
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111 Phrygian Kingdom present Inferred 900 BCE 695 BCE
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112 Cahokia - Early Woodland absent Inferred 600 BCE 150 BCE
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113 Cahokia - Middle Woodland absent Inferred 150 BCE 300 CE
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114 Oneota present Inferred 1400 CE 1650 CE
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115 Khanate of Bukhara present Inferred 1599 CE 1747 CE
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116 Koktepe II present Inferred 750 BCE 550 BCE
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117 Samanid Empire present Inferred 819 CE 999 CE
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118 Sogdiana - City-States Period present Inferred 604 CE 711 CE
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119 Yemen - Late Bronze Age absent Inferred 1200 BCE 801 BCE
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120 Neolithic Yemen absent Inferred 3500 BCE 1201 BCE
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121 Iban - Pre-Brooke unknown Suspected 1650 CE 1841 CE
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122 Oaxaca - Tierras Largas unknown Suspected 1400 BCE 1150 BCE
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123 Neo-Assyrian Empire unknown Suspected 911 BCE 612 BCE
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124 Monte Alban II unknown Suspected 100 BCE 200 CE
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125 Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period unknown Suspected 1069 BCE 747 BCE
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126 Yangshao unknown Suspected 5000 BCE 3000 BCE
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127 Elam - Late Sukkalmah unknown Suspected 1700 BCE 1500 BCE
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128 Middle Wagadu Empire unknown Suspected 700 CE 1077 CE
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129 Achaemenid Empire unknown Suspected 550 BCE 331 BCE
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130 Egypt - Saite Period unknown Suspected 664 BCE 525 BCE
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131 Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period unknown Suspected 1300 BCE 801 BCE
If "the first archaeologically recognizable, large post-Indus urban settlements are not earlier than the fifth century BC ... solidly visible states ... appear in a sudden profusion in the late first millennium B.C." [1] - who was king Stabrobates of India who used war elephants against a queen of Assyria (considered Shammuramat?) in the 9th century BCE? [2] One could infer king Stabrobates, if not based there himself, must have subdued and controlled the Kachi Plain region in order to invade Mesopotamia from ’India’. (Another source says Assyria invaded India and were driven out of Pakistan and India). [3] Diodorus Siculus says this too, queen Semiramis was based in Bactra (Bactria?). [4] If king Stabrobates’s polity controlled the Kachi Plain, then we code the according to the military technology he possessed. This would have included weapons of war. Note: one military historian estimates that the Assyrian army had a strategic range of 2000 km [5] which places the Indus region in reach of their forces.

[1]: (Ahmed 2014, 64) Mukhtar Ahmed. 2014. Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume V: The End of the Harappan Civilization, and the Aftermath. Foursome Group.

[2]: (Mayor 2014, 289) Adrienne Mayor. Animals in Warfare. Gordon Lindsay Campbell. ed. 2014. The Oxford Handbook of Animals in Classical Thought and Life. Oxford University Press. Oxford.

[3]: (Kistler 2007, 18) John M Kistler. 2007. War Elephants. University of Nebraska Press. Lincoln.

[4]: Diodorus Siculus. Delphi Complete Works of Diodorus Siculus. Delphi Classics.

[5]: (Gabriel 2002, 9) Richard A Gabriel. 2002. The Great Armies of Antiquity. Praeger. Westport.


132 Hatti - New Kingdom unknown Suspected 1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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133 Proto-Carolingian unknown Suspected 687 CE 751 CE
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134 Middle Merovingian unknown Suspected 543 CE 687 CE
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135 Durrani Empire unknown Suspected 1747 CE 1826 CE
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136 Greco-Bactrian Kingdom unknown Suspected 256 BCE 125 BCE
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137 Kidarite Kingdom unknown Suspected 388 CE 477 CE
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138 Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial unknown Suspected 1841 CE 1987 CE
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139 Mataram Sultanate unknown Suspected 1568 CE 1755 CE
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140 Yehuda unknown Suspected 141 BCE 63 BCE
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141 Yisrael unknown Suspected 1030 BCE 722 BCE
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142 Deccan - Neolithic unknown Suspected 2700 BCE 1200 BCE
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143 Tabal Kingdoms unknown Suspected 900 BCE 730 BCE
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144 Vijayanagara Empire unknown Suspected 1336 CE 1646 CE
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145 Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar unknown Suspected 7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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146 Formative Period unknown Suspected 7200 BCE 7000 BCE
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147 Susiana A unknown Suspected 6000 BCE 5700 BCE
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148 Susiana B unknown Suspected 5700 BCE 5100 BCE
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149 Pre-Ceramic Period unknown Suspected 7800 BCE 7200 BCE
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150 Seleucids unknown Suspected 312 BCE 63 BCE
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151 Great Ming unknown Suspected 1368 CE 1644 CE
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152 Early Qing unknown Suspected 1644 CE 1796 CE
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153 Susiana - Late Ubaid unknown Suspected 4700 BCE 4300 BCE
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154 Hatti - Old Kingdom unknown Suspected 1650 BCE 1500 BCE
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155 Neguanje unknown Suspected 250 CE 1050 CE
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156 Neo-Hittite Kingdoms unknown Suspected 1180 BCE 900 BCE
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157 Koktepe I unknown Suspected 1400 BCE 1000 BCE
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158 Chalcolithic Middle Ganga unknown Suspected 3000 BCE 601 BCE
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159 Early Monte Alban I unknown Suspected 500 BCE 300 BCE
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160 Java - Buni Culture unknown Suspected 500 BCE 149 CE
Paleolithic Patjitan culture in Java had stone tools like hand-axes that could have been used for or developed into a weapon of war. [1] According to the Chinese Nan chou i wu chih (A Record of Strange Things in the Southern Regions) written about 222-228 CE a volcanic country called ’Ge-ying’ (thought to be western Java) traded with the Malay Peninsula and imported horses from India. They were used by warriors. [2] Dewawarman I may have founded Salakanagara in west West Java 130 CE. He followed Aji Saka who may have introduced ’Buddhism, letters, calendar, etc.’) into Central and East Java 78 CE. [3]

[1]: (Barstra 1976, 77) Gert-Jan Bartstra. 1976. Contributions to the Study of the Palaeolithic Patjitan Culture Java, Indonesia. Part 1. Volume 6. E J BRILL. Leiden.

[2]: (Miksic and Goh 2017, 215) John Norman Miksic. Geok Yian Goh. Routledge. 2017. Ancient Southeast Asia. London. p. 215

[3]: (Iguchi 2015) Masatoshi Iguchi. 2015. Java Essay: The History and Culture of a Southern Country. Troubador Publishing Ltd.


161 Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty unknown Suspected 1637 CE 1805 CE
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162 Hmong - Early Chinese unknown Suspected 1895 CE 1941 CE
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163 Neolithic Middle Ganga unknown Suspected 7000 BCE 3001 BCE
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164 Kingdom of Lydia unknown Suspected 670 BCE 546 BCE
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165 Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period unknown Suspected 799 BCE 500 BCE
If "the first archaeologically recognizable, large post-Indus urban settlements are not earlier than the fifth century BC ... solidly visible states ... appear in a sudden profusion in the late first millennium B.C." [1] - who was king Stabrobates of India who used war elephants against a queen of Assyria (considered Shammuramat?) in the 9th century BCE? [2] One could infer king Stabrobates, if not based there himself, must have subdued and controlled the Kachi Plain region in order to invade Mesopotamia from ’India’. (Another source says Assyria invaded India and were driven out of Pakistan and India). [3] Diodorus Siculus says this too, queen Semiramis was based in Bactra (Bactria?). [4] If king Stabrobates’s polity controlled the Kachi Plain, then we code the according to the military technology he possessed. This would have included weapons of war. Note: one military historian estimates that the Assyrian army had a strategic range of 2000 km [5] which places the Indus region in reach of their forces.

[1]: (Ahmed 2014, 64) Mukhtar Ahmed. 2014. Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume V: The End of the Harappan Civilization, and the Aftermath. Foursome Group.

[2]: (Mayor 2014, 289) Adrienne Mayor. Animals in Warfare. Gordon Lindsay Campbell. ed. 2014. The Oxford Handbook of Animals in Classical Thought and Life. Oxford University Press. Oxford.

[3]: (Kistler 2007, 18) John M Kistler. 2007. War Elephants. University of Nebraska Press. Lincoln.

[4]: Diodorus Siculus. Delphi Complete Works of Diodorus Siculus. Delphi Classics.

[5]: (Gabriel 2002, 9) Richard A Gabriel. 2002. The Great Armies of Antiquity. Praeger. Westport.


166 Proto-French Kingdom unknown Suspected 987 CE 1049 CE
"Lesser weapons were also employed by knights after 1050. Special forms of ax, hammer (bec), mace, club, and flail were introduced in the 12th and 13th centuries to supplement the sword, but it was only after 1300 that these were both fully developed and commonly used." [1]

[1]: (Boulton 1995 67-68) Jonathan D Boulton. Armor And Weapons. William W Kibler. Grover A Zinn. Lawrence Earp. John Bell Henneman Jr. 1995. Routledge Revivals: Medieval France (1995): An Encyclopedia. Routledge. Abingdon.


167 Longshan unknown Suspected 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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168 Prepalatial Crete unknown Suspected 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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169 Susiana - Early Ubaid unknown Suspected 5100 BCE 4700 BCE
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170 Konya Plain - Early Neolithic unknown Suspected 9600 BCE 7000 BCE
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171 Icelandic Commonwealth unknown Suspected 930 CE 1262 CE
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172 Ancient Khwarazm unknown Suspected 1000 BCE 521 BCE
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173 Elam - Kidinuid Period unknown Suspected 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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174 Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic unknown Suspected 7000 BCE 6600 BCE
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175 Asuka unknown Suspected 538 CE 710 CE
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176 Hmong - Late Qing unknown Suspected 1701 CE 1895 CE
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177 Early Merovingian unknown Suspected 481 CE 543 CE
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178 Bronze Age Cambodia unknown Suspected 1200 BCE 501 BCE
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179 Bronze Age Cambodia unknown Suspected 500 BCE 224 CE
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180 Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty unknown Suspected 1493 CE 1591 CE
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181 Eastern Turk Khaganate unknown Suspected 583 CE 630 CE
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182 Rouran Khaganate unknown Suspected 300 CE 555 CE
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183 Shiwei unknown Suspected 600 CE 1000 CE
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184 Second Turk Khaganate unknown Suspected 682 CE 744 CE
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185 Uigur Khaganate unknown Suspected 745 CE 840 CE
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186 Zungharian Empire unknown Suspected 1670 CE 1757 CE
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187 Kingdom of Norway II unknown Suspected 1262 CE 1396 CE
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188 Cuzco - Late Intermediate I unknown Suspected 1000 CE 1250 CE
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189 Cuzco - Late Intermediate II unknown Suspected 1250 CE 1400 CE
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190 Cuzco - Late Formative unknown Suspected 500 BCE 200 CE
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191 Peiligang unknown Suspected 7000 BCE 5001 BCE
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192 Konya Plain - Late Neolithic unknown Suspected 6600 BCE 6000 BCE
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193 Monte Alban Late I unknown Suspected 300 BCE 100 BCE
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194 Kansai - Yayoi Period unknown Suspected 300 BCE 250 CE
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195 Early Xiongnu unknown Suspected 1300 BCE 701 BCE
"Among their weapons we find the compound bow, bronze and bone arrowheads (their arrows also contained beads that gave them a whistling effect), broadswords, short swords, lances, and maces." [1]

[1]: (Golden 1992, 60)


196 Oaxaca - Rosario unknown Suspected 700 BCE 500 BCE
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197 Elam III unknown Suspected 612 BCE 539 BCE
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198 Oaxaca - San Jose unknown Suspected 1150 BCE 700 BCE
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199 Later Wagadu Empire unknown Suspected 1078 CE 1203 CE
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200 Badarian unknown Suspected 4400 BCE 3800 BCE
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201 Hawaii I unknown Suspected 1000 CE 1200 CE
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202 Hawaii II unknown Suspected 1200 CE 1580 CE
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203 Vakataka Kingdom present Confident 255 CE 550 CE
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204 Abbasid Caliphate II present Confident 1191 CE 1258 CE
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205 Epiclassic Basin of Mexico present Confident 650 CE 899 CE
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206 Akkadian Empire present Confident 2270 BCE 2083 BCE
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207 Inca Empire present Confident 1375 CE 1532 CE
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208 Ur - Dynasty III present Confident 2112 BCE 2004 BCE
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209 Uruk present Confident 4000 BCE 2900 BCE
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210 Elam - Crisis Period present Confident 1100 BCE 900 BCE
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211 Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial present Confident 1734 CE 1883 CE
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212 Jin Dynasty present Confident 1115 CE 1234 CE
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213 Great Yuan present Confident 1271 CE 1368 CE
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214 Akan - Pre-Ashanti absent Confident 1501 CE 1701 CE
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215 Ashanti Empire absent Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
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216 Archaic Crete absent Confident 710 BCE 500 BCE
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217 Classical Crete absent Confident 500 BCE 323 BCE
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218 Final Postpalatial Crete absent Confident 1200 BCE 1000 BCE
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219 Geometric Crete absent Confident 1000 BCE 710 BCE
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220 Hellenistic Crete absent Confident 323 BCE 69 BCE
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221 Monopalatial Crete absent Confident 1450 BCE 1300 BCE
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222 Neolithic Crete absent Confident 7000 BCE 3000 BCE
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223 Postpalatial Crete absent Confident 1300 BCE 1200 BCE
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224 Tocharians present Confident 129 BCE 29 CE
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225 Orokaiva - Colonial present Confident 1884 CE 1942 CE
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226 Northern Song present Confident 960 CE 1127 CE
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227 Late Qing absent Confident 1796 CE 1912 CE
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228 Early Mongols present Confident 1000 CE 1206 CE
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229 Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty present Confident 1454 CE 1517 CE
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230 Elam II present Confident 743 BCE 647 BCE
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231 Qajar present Confident 1794 CE 1925 CE
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232 Ayyubid Sultanate present Confident 1171 CE 1250 CE
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233 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I present Confident 1260 CE 1348 CE
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234 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III present Confident 1412 CE 1517 CE
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235 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II present Confident 1348 CE 1412 CE
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236 Early Illinois Confederation present Confident 1640 CE 1717 CE
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237 Sasanid Empire II present Confident 488 CE 642 CE
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238 Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period absent Confident 1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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239 Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period absent Confident 3200 BCE 2500 BCE
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240 Kachi Plain - Urban Period II present Confident Uncertain 2100 BCE 1800 BCE
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241 Susa II present Confident 3800 BCE 3100 BCE
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242 Susa III present Confident 3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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243 Rome - Republic of St Peter II present Confident 904 CE 1198 CE
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244 Papal States - High Medieval Period present Confident 1198 CE 1309 CE
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245 Late Xiongnu present Confident 60 BCE 100 CE
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246 Hawaii III present Confident 1580 CE 1778 CE
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247 Late A'chik absent Confident 1867 CE 1956 CE
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248 Ostrogothic Kingdom unknown Confident 489 CE 554 CE
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249 Papal States - Early Modern Period I present Confident 1527 CE 1648 CE
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250 Papal States - Early Modern Period II absent Confident 1648 CE 1809 CE
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251 Exarchate of Ravenna absent Confident 568 CE 751 CE
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252 Roman Empire - Principate absent Confident 31 BCE 284 CE
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253 Canaan present Confident 2000 BCE 1175 BCE
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254 Post-Mauryan Kingdoms present Confident 205 BCE 101 BCE
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255 Early A'chik absent Confident 1775 CE 1867 CE
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256 Kushan Empire present Confident 35 CE 319 CE
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257 Mahajanapada era absent Confident 600 BCE 324 BCE
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258 Papal States - Renaissance Period present Confident 1378 CE 1527 CE
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259 Abbasid Caliphate I present Confident 750 CE 946 CE
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260 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early present Confident 1566 CE 1713 CE
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261 Ilkhanate present Confident 1256 CE 1339 CE
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262 Elam I present Confident 900 BCE 744 BCE
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263 Parthian Empire I present Confident 247 BCE 40 CE
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264 Safavid Empire present Confident 1501 CE 1722 CE
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265 Seljuk Sultanate present Confident 1037 CE 1157 CE
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266 Latium - Copper Age present Confident 3600 BCE 1800 BCE
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267 Sind - Samma Dynasty present Confident 1335 CE 1521 CE
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268 Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity absent Confident 395 CE 476 CE
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269 Republic of St Peter I absent Confident 711 CE 904 CE
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270 Japan - Incipient Jomon absent Confident 13600 BCE 9200 BCE
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271 Japan - Initial Jomon absent Confident 9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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272 Japan - Late Jomon absent Confident 2500 BCE 1200 BCE
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273 Kachi Plain - Urban Period I present Confident Uncertain 2500 BCE 2100 BCE
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274 Kachi Plain - Urban Period I absent Confident Uncertain 2500 BCE 2100 BCE
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275 Kachi Plain - Urban Period II absent Confident Uncertain 2100 BCE 1800 BCE
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276 Heian present Confident 794 CE 1185 CE
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277 Japan - Early Jomon absent Confident 5300 BCE 3500 BCE
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278 Japan - Middle Jomon absent Confident 3500 BCE 2500 BCE
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279 Jenne-jeno IV present Confident Uncertain 900 CE 1300 CE
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280 Mongol Empire present Confident 1206 CE 1368 CE
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281 Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic absent Confident 7500 BCE 5500 BCE
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282 Monte Alban V absent Confident 900 CE 1520 CE
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283 Japan - Final Jomon absent Confident 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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284 Toltecs present Confident 900 CE 1199 CE
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285 Cuzco - Early Intermediate I unknown Confident 200 CE 499 CE
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286 Cuzco - Early Intermediate II unknown Confident 500 CE 649 CE
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287 Wari Empire present Confident 650 CE 999 CE
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288 Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic absent Confident 4000 BCE 3200 BCE
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289 Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period present Confident 854 CE 1193 CE
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290 Timurid Empire present Confident 1370 CE 1526 CE
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291 Qatabanian Commonwealth unknown Confident 450 BCE 111 BCE
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292 Sabaean Commonwealth unknown Confident 800 BCE 451 BCE
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293 Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy present Confident 1300 CE 1565 CE
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294 Cahokia - Sand Prairie present Confident 1275 CE 1400 CE
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295 Cahokia - Late Woodland II present Confident 450 CE 600 CE
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296 Tokugawa Shogunate present Confident 1603 CE 1868 CE
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297 Sakha - Early absent Confident 1400 CE 1632 CE
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298 Sakha - Late absent Confident 1632 CE 1900 CE
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299 Umayyad Caliphate present Confident 661 CE 750 CE
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300 Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia present Confident 2000 BCE 1700 BCE
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301 East Roman Empire present Confident 395 CE 631 CE
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302 Ottoman Emirate present Confident 1299 CE 1402 CE
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303 Ottoman Empire I present Confident 1402 CE 1517 CE
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304 Rasulid Dynasty present Confident 1229 CE 1453 CE
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305 Roman Empire - Dominate absent Confident 285 CE 394 CE
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306 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late present Confident 1714 CE 1848 CE
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307 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II present Confident 900 CE 1049 CE
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308 Cahokia - Late Woodland I present Confident 300 CE 450 CE
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309 Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic absent Confident 5500 BCE 4000 BCE
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310 Fatimid Caliphate present Confident 909 CE 1171 CE
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311 Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age present Confident 3000 BCE 2000 BCE
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312 Xiongnu Imperial Confederation present Confident 209 BCE 60 BCE
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313 Western Zhou present Confident 1122 BCE 771 BCE
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314 Tairona present Confident 1050 CE 1524 CE
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315 Shuar - Colonial absent Confident 1534 CE 1830 CE
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316 Shuar - Ecuadorian absent Confident 1831 CE 1931 CE
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317 Kamakura Shogunate present Confident 1185 CE 1333 CE
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318 Egypt - Dynasty I present Confident 3100 BCE 2900 BCE
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319 Egypt - Dynasty II present Confident 2900 BCE 2687 BCE
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320 Byzantine Empire I present Confident 632 CE 866 CE
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321 Naqada I present Confident 3800 BCE 3550 BCE
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322 Buyid Confederation present Confident 932 CE 1062 CE
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323 Naqada II present Confident 3550 BCE 3300 BCE
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324 Egypt - Dynasty 0 present Confident 3300 BCE 3100 BCE
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325 Andronovo present Confident 1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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326 Phoenician Empire present Confident 1200 BCE 332 BCE
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327 Byzantine Empire II present Confident 867 CE 1072 CE
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328 Byzantine Empire III present Confident 1073 CE 1204 CE
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329 Xianbei Confederation present Confident 100 CE 250 CE
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330 Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic present Confident 6000 BCE 5500 BCE
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331 Jenne-jeno IV absent Confident Uncertain 900 CE 1300 CE
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332 Mali Empire present Confident 1230 CE 1410 CE
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333 Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic present Confident 5500 BCE 3000 BCE
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334 Chuuk - Early Truk present Confident 1775 CE 1886 CE
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335 Chuuk - Late Truk present Confident 1886 CE 1948 CE
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336 Khitan I present Confident 907 CE 1125 CE
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337 French Kingdom - Late Bourbon absent Confident 1660 CE 1815 CE
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338 Proto-French Kingdom present Confident 1050 CE 1150 CE
"Lesser weapons were also employed by knights after 1050. Special forms of ax, hammer (bec), mace, club, and flail were introduced in the 12th and 13th centuries to supplement the sword, but it was only after 1300 that these were both fully developed and commonly used." [1]

[1]: (Boulton 1995 67-68) Jonathan D Boulton. Armor And Weapons. William W Kibler. Grover A Zinn. Lawrence Earp. John Bell Henneman Jr. 1995. Routledge Revivals: Medieval France (1995): An Encyclopedia. Routledge. Abingdon.


339 French Kingdom - Late Capetian present Confident 1150 CE 1328 CE
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340 French Kingdom - Early Valois present Confident 1328 CE 1450 CE
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341 The Emirate of Crete present Confident 824 CE 961 CE
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342 Ottoman Empire II present Confident 1517 CE 1683 CE
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343 Cahokia - Late Woodland III present Confident 600 CE 750 CE
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344 Kampili Kingdom present Confident 1280 CE 1327 CE
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345 Early Xiongnu present Confident 700 BCE 300 BCE
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346 Kediri Kingdom present Confident 1049 CE 1222 CE
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347 Majapahit Kingdom present Confident 1292 CE 1518 CE
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348 Medang Kingdom present Confident 732 CE 1019 CE
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349 Rum Sultanate present Confident 1077 CE 1307 CE
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350 Chalukyas of Badami present Confident 543 CE 753 CE
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351 Aztec Empire present Confident 1427 CE 1526 CE
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352 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I present Confident 750 CE 900 CE
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353 Delhi Sultanate present Confident 1206 CE 1526 CE
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354 Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling present Confident 1055 CE 1199 CE
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355 Late Formative Basin of Mexico present Confident 400 BCE 101 BCE
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356 Hoysala Kingdom present Confident 1108 CE 1346 CE
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357 Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico present Confident 100 BCE 99 CE
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358 Parthian Empire II present Confident 41 CE 226 CE
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359 Kannauj - Varman Dynasty present Confident 650 CE 780 CE
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360 Cahokia - Moorehead present Confident 1200 CE 1275 CE
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361 Mughal Empire present Confident 1526 CE 1858 CE
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362 Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico present Confident 1200 CE 1426 CE
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