Section: Religious Demography
Variable: Elites Religion (All coded records)
Coded to capture the religion associated with or favored by the political or societal elites within the polity, this variable reflects the specific religious belief system prevalent among the elite class, if identifiable.  
Elites Religion
#  Polity  Coded Value Tags Year(s) Edit Desc
1 Rouran Khaganate Buddhism Confident 500 CE 551 CE
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2 Northern Wei Buddhism Confident 386 CE 534 CE
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3 Jaffna Buddhism Confident 1310 CE 1591 CE
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4 Tang Dynasty II Buddhism Confident 763 CE 907 CE
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5 * Tang Dynasty I Buddhism Confident 617 CE 763 CE
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6 Pala Empire Buddhism Confident 750 CE 1174 CE
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7 Late Mongols Buddhism Confident 1368 CE 1690 CE
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8 Magadha - Maurya Empire Buddhism Confident 324 BCE 187 BCE
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9 Dambadaneiya Buddhism Confident 1232 CE 1293 CE
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10 Khadga Dynasty Buddhism Confident 650 CE 700 CE
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11 Sui Dynasty Buddhism Confident 581 CE 618 CE
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12 Asuka Buddhism Confident 538 CE 710 CE
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13 Khitan I Buddhism Confident 907 CE 1125 CE
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14 Chandra Dynasty Buddhism Confident 900 CE 1050 CE
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15 Chagatai Khanate Buddhism Confident 1227 CE 1402 CE
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16 Jin Dynasty Buddhism Confident 1115 CE 1234 CE
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17 Indo-Greek Kingdom Buddhism Confident 180 BCE 10 BCE
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18 Magadha - Nanda Dynasty Jainism Confident 413 BCE 322 BCE
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19 Magadha - Maurya Empire Jainism Confident 324 BCE 187 BCE
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20 Rashtrakuta Empire Jainism Confident 753 CE 973 CE
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21 Kalabhra Dynasty Jainism Confident 200 CE 600 CE
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22 Kidarite Kingdom Hinduism Confident 388 CE 477 CE
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23 Vanga Dynasty Hinduism Confident 550 CE 600 CE
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24 Gupta Empire Hinduism Confident 320 CE 550 CE
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25 Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty Hinduism Confident 730 CE 1030 CE
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26 Vijayanagara Empire Hinduism Confident 1336 CE 1646 CE
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27 Kampili Kingdom Hinduism Confident 1280 CE 1327 CE
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28 Magadha - Maurya Empire Hinduism Confident 324 BCE 187 BCE
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29 Vakataka Kingdom Hinduism Confident 255 CE 550 CE
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30 Twelve Bhuyans Hinduism Confident 1538 CE 1612 CE
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31 Wattara Empire Islam Confident 1710 CE 1895 CE
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32 Ayyubid Sultanate Islam Confident 1171 CE 1250 CE
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33 Mali Empire Islam Confident 1230 CE 1410 CE
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34 Kanem-Borno Islam Confident 1380 CE 1893 CE
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35 * Kanem Islam Confident 1080 CE 1893 CE
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36 Imamate of Futa Toro Islam Confident 1776 CE 1860 CE
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37 Yemen Hijaz Islam Confident 632 CE 661 CE
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38 Classic Tana Islam Confident 1100 CE 1498 CE
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39 Later Wagadu Empire Islam Confident 1078 CE 1203 CE
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40 Ilkhanate Islam Confident 1295 CE 1339 CE
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41 Hausa bakwai Islam Confident 900 CE 1808 CE
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42 * Futa Jallon Islam Confident 1725 CE 1896 CE
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43 Chagatai Khanate Islam Confident 1227 CE 1402 CE
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44 Sokoto Caliphate Islam Confident 1804 CE 1904 CE
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45 Kara-Khanids Islam Confident 950 CE 1212 CE
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46 Medri Bahri Islam Confident 1751 CE 1889 CE
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47 * Shoa Sultanate Islam Confident 1108 CE 1285 CE
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48 Middle Wagadu Empire Islam Confident 700 CE 1077 CE
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49 Bengal Sultanate Islam Confident 1338 CE 1538 CE
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50 Durrani Empire Islam Confident 1747 CE 1826 CE
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51 Nawabs of Bengal Islam Confident 1717 CE 1757 CE
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52 Sur Empire Islam Confident 1540 CE 1556 CE
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53 Twelve Bhuyans Islam Confident 1538 CE 1612 CE
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54 Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty Islam Confident 1454 CE 1517 CE
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55 Chenla Saivist Hinduism Confident 550 CE 825 CE
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56 Gahadavala Dynasty Saivist Hinduism Confident 1085 CE 1193 CE
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57 Kalachuris of Kalyani Saivist Hinduism Confident 1157 CE 1184 CE
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58 Chalukyas of Badami Saivist Hinduism Confident 655 CE 753 CE
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59 Pandya Empire Saivist Hinduism Confident 1216 CE 1323 CE
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60 Early Pandyas Saivist Hinduism Confident 300 BCE 300 CE
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61 Pandya Dynasty Saivist Hinduism Confident 590 CE 915 CE
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62 Late Pallava Empire Saivist Hinduism Confident 300 CE 890 CE
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63 Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom Saivist Hinduism Confident 1675 CE 1799 CE
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64 Early Cholas Saivist Hinduism Confident 300 BCE 300 CE
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65 Nayaks of Madurai Saivist Hinduism Confident 1529 CE 1736 CE
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66 Sena Dynasty Saivist Hinduism Confident 1095 CE 1245 CE
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67 Kediri Kingdom Saivist Hinduism Confident 1049 CE 1222 CE
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68 Medang Kingdom Saivist Hinduism Confident 732 CE 1019 CE
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69 Classical Angkor Saivist Hinduism Confident 1100 CE 1220 CE
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70 Early Angkor Saivist Hinduism Confident 802 CE 1100 CE
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71 Chalukyas of Kalyani Saivist Hinduism Confident 973 CE 1189 CE
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72 Chola Empire Saivist Hinduism Confident 849 CE 1280 CE
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73 Gupta Empire Saivist Hinduism Confident Disputed 320 CE 550 CE
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74 Deva Dynasty Vaisnavist Hinduism Confident 1150 CE 1300 CE
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75 Chalukyas of Badami Vaisnavist Hinduism Confident 543 CE 654 CE
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76 Hoysala Kingdom Vaisnavist Hinduism Confident 1108 CE 1346 CE
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77 Nayaks of Thanjavur Vaisnavist Hinduism Confident 1532 CE 1676 CE
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78 Funan II Vaisnavist Hinduism Confident 540 CE 640 CE
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79 Late Pallava Empire Vaisnavist Hinduism Confident 300 CE 890 CE
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80 Gupta Empire Vaisnavist Hinduism Confident Disputed 320 CE 550 CE
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81 Zungharian Empire Mahayana Buddhism Confident 1670 CE 1757 CE
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82 Medang Kingdom Mahayana Buddhism Confident 732 CE 1019 CE
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83 Ashikaga Shogunate Mahayana Buddhism Confident 1336 CE 1467 CE
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84 Kamakura Shogunate Mahayana Buddhism Confident 1185 CE 1333 CE
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85 Rum Sultanate Sunni Islam Confident 1077 CE 1307 CE
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86 Ottoman Emirate Sunni Islam Confident 1299 CE 1402 CE
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87 Ottoman Empire III Sunni Islam Confident 1683 CE 1839 CE
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88 Ottoman Empire II Sunni Islam Confident 1517 CE 1683 CE
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89 Yemen Ziyad Dynasty Sunni Islam Confident 822 CE 1037 CE
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90 Neolithic Middle Ganga Sunni Islam Confident 7000 BCE 3001 BCE
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91 Funj Sultanate Sunni Islam Confident 1504 CE 1820 CE
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92 Delhi Sultanate Sunni Islam Confident 1206 CE 1526 CE
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93 Ak Koyunlu Sunni Islam Confident 1339 CE 1501 CE
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94 Khanate of Bukhara Sunni Islam Confident 1599 CE 1747 CE
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95 The Emirate of Crete Sunni Islam Confident 824 CE 961 CE
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96 Samanid Empire Sunni Islam Confident 819 CE 999 CE
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97 Umayyad Caliphate Sunni Islam Confident 661 CE 750 CE
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98 Abbasid Caliphate I Sunni Islam Confident 750 CE 946 CE
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99 Ottoman Empire IV Sunni Islam Confident 1839 CE 1922 CE
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100 Seljuk Sultanate Sunni Islam Confident 1037 CE 1157 CE
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101 Kingdom of Gomma Sunni Islam Confident 1780 CE 1886 CE
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102 Adal Sultanate Sunni Islam Confident 1375 CE 1543 CE
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103 Bahmani Sultanate Sunni Islam Confident 1347 CE 1518 CE
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104 Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period Sunni Islam Confident 868 CE 969 CE
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105 Saadi Sultanate Sunni Islam Confident 1554 CE 1659 CE
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106 Almoravids Sunni Islam Confident 1035 CE 1150 CE
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107 Early Sultanate of Aussa Sunni Islam Confident 1734 CE 1895 CE
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108 * Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty Sunni Islam Confident 1493 CE 1591 CE
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109 Kingdom of Jimma Sunni Islam Confident 1830 CE 1932 CE
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110 Ghur Principality Sunni Islam Confident 1025 CE 1215 CE
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111 Rasulid Dynasty Sunni Islam Confident 1229 CE 1453 CE
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112 Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period Sunni Islam Confident 854 CE 1193 CE
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113 Sind - Samma Dynasty Sunni Islam Confident 1335 CE 1521 CE
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114 Mataram Sultanate Sunni Islam Confident 1568 CE 1755 CE
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115 Majeerteen Sultanate Sunni Islam Confident 1750 CE 1926 CE
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116 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I Sunni Islam Confident 1260 CE 1348 CE
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117 Harla Kingdom Sunni Islam Confident 500 CE 1500 CE
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118 Ottoman Empire I Sunni Islam Confident 1402 CE 1517 CE
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119 Kingdom of Gumma Sunni Islam Confident 1800 CE 1897 CE
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120 Emirate of Harar Sunni Islam Confident 1650 CE 1875 CE
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121 Hadiya Sultanate Sunni Islam Confident 1300 CE 1680 CE
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122 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III Sunni Islam Confident 1412 CE 1517 CE
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123 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II Sunni Islam Confident 1348 CE 1412 CE
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124 Yemen - Era of Warlords Shia Islam Confident 1038 CE 1174 CE
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125 Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty Shia Islam Confident 1637 CE 1805 CE
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126 Fatimid Caliphate Shia Islam Confident 909 CE 1171 CE
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127 Bahmani Sultanate Shia Islam Confident 1347 CE 1518 CE
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128 Buyid Confederation Shia Islam Confident 932 CE 1062 CE
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129 * Ajuran Sultanate Shia Islam Confident 1250 CE 1700 CE
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130 Safavid Empire Shia Islam Confident 1501 CE 1722 CE
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131 * Isaaq Sultanate Sufi Islam Inferred 1300 CE 1886 CE
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132 Habr Yunis Sufi Islam Confident 1300 CE 1886 CE
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133 * Ifat Sultanate Sufi Islam Confident 1280 CE 1375 CE
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134 Carnatic Sultanate Sufi Islam Confident 1710 CE 1801 CE
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135 Sultanate of Geledi Sufi Islam Confident 1750 CE 1911 CE
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136 Timurid Empire Sufi Islam Confident 1370 CE 1526 CE
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137 Rashtrakuta Empire Smarta Hinduism Confident 753 CE 973 CE
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138 Bamana kingdom Bamana Religion Confident 1712 CE 1861 CE
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139 * Segou Kingdom Bamana Religion Confident 1650 CE 1712 CE
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140 Yehuda Judaism Confident 141 BCE 63 BCE
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141 Roman Empire - Dominate Christianity Confident 380 CE 394 CE
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142 Kingdom of Norway II Christianity Confident 1262 CE 1396 CE
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143 Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity Christianity Confident 395 CE 476 CE
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144 Icelandic Commonwealth Christianity Confident 1000 CE 1262 CE
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145 Republic of St Peter I Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 752 CE 904 CE
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146 Ostrogothic Kingdom Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 489 CE 554 CE
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147 Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 1568 CE 1603 CE
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148 French Kingdom - Late Valois Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 1450 CE 1589 CE
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149 Carolingian Empire II Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 840 CE 987 CE
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150 Middle Merovingian Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 543 CE 687 CE
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151 Rome - Republic of St Peter II Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 904 CE 1198 CE
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152 French Kingdom - Late Capetian Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 1150 CE 1328 CE
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153 Proto-Carolingian Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 687 CE 751 CE
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154 French Kingdom - Early Bourbon Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 1589 CE 1660 CE
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155 French Kingdom - Late Bourbon Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 1660 CE 1815 CE
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156 East Roman Empire Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 395 CE 631 CE
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157 Portuguese Empire - Early Modern Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 1640 CE 1806 CE
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158 Warring States Japan Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 1467 CE 1568 CE
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159 Republic of Venice IV Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 1564 CE 1797 CE
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160 Papal States - Early Modern Period I Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 1527 CE 1648 CE
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161 Republic of Venice III Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 1204 CE 1563 CE
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162 Papal States - High Medieval Period Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 1198 CE 1309 CE
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163 Portuguese Empire - Renaissance Period Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 1495 CE 1579 CE
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164 French Kingdom - Early Valois Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 1328 CE 1450 CE
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165 Early Merovingian Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 481 CE 543 CE
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166 Carolingian Empire I Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 752 CE 840 CE
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167 Spanish Empire I Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 1516 CE 1715 CE
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168 Papal States - Early Modern Period II Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 1648 CE 1809 CE
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169 Proto-French Kingdom Roman Catholic Christianity Confident 987 CE 1150 CE
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170 Mali Empire indigenous African beliefs Confident 1230 CE 1410 CE
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171 Middle Wagadu Empire Wagadu Religion Confident 700 CE 1077 CE
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172 Early Illinois Confederation Illini religion Confident 1640 CE 1717 CE
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173 Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling Mississippian Religion Confident 1050 CE 1199 CE
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174 Achaemenid Empire Zoroastrianism Confident 550 BCE 331 BCE
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175 * Sasanid Empire I Zoroastrianism Confident 205 CE 487 CE
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176 * Sasanid Empire II Zoroastrianism Confident 488 CE 642 CE
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177 Sogdiana - City-States Period Zoroastrianism Confident 604 CE 711 CE
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178 * Parthian Empire II Zoroastrianism Inferred Disputed 41 CE 226 CE
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179 Parthian Empire I Zoroastrianism Confident 247 BCE 40 CE
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180 Kidarite Kingdom Zoroastrianism Confident 388 CE 477 CE
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181 Mahajanapada era Vedic Hinduism Confident 600 BCE 324 BCE
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182 Magadha - Sunga Empire Vedic Hinduism Confident 187 BCE 65 BCE
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183 Magadha - Maurya Empire Ajivika Religion Confident 324 BCE 187 BCE
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184 Archaic Crete Ancient Greek Religion Confident 710 BCE 500 BCE
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185 Indo-Greek Kingdom Ancient Greek Religion Confident 180 BCE 10 BCE
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186 Greco-Bactrian Kingdom Ancient Greek Religion Confident 256 BCE 125 BCE
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187 Seleucids Ancient Greek Religion Confident 312 BCE 63 BCE
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188 Kalabhra Dynasty Theraväda Buddhism Confident 200 CE 600 CE
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189 Anurādhapura II Theraväda Buddhism Confident 70 CE 428 CE
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190 Anurādhapura III Theraväda Buddhism Confident 428 CE 614 CE
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191 Anurādhapura IV Theraväda Buddhism Confident 614 CE 1017 CE
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192 Khmer Kingdom Theraväda Buddhism Confident 1432 CE 1594 CE
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193 Anurādhapura I Theraväda Buddhism Confident 300 BCE 70 CE
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194 Polonnaruwa Theraväda Buddhism Confident 1070 CE 1255 CE
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195 Rattanakosin Theraväda Buddhism Confident 1782 CE 1873 CE
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196 Late Angkor Theraväda Buddhism Confident 1220 CE 1432 CE
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197 Ayutthaya Theraväda Buddhism Confident 1593 CE 1767 CE
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198 Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period Calvinist Christianity Confident 1820 CE 1898 CE
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199 French Kingdom - Late Valois Calvinist Christianity Confident 1450 CE 1589 CE
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200 Late Dutch Empire Calvinist Christianity Confident 1815 CE 1940 CE
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201 Pre-Maravi Pre-Maravi Religion Confident 1151 CE 1399 CE
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202 Maravi Empire Maravi Religion Confident 1622 CE 1870 CE
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203 Early Maravi Maravi Religion Confident 1400 CE 1499 CE
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204 Northern Maravi Kingdom Maravi Religion Confident 1500 CE 1621 CE
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205 Bito Dynasty Cwezi-Kubandwa Religion Confident 1700 CE 1894 CE
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206 Mubari Cwezi-Kubandwa Religion Confident 1700 CE 1896 CE
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207 Toro Cwezi-Kubandwa Religion Confident 1830 CE 1896 CE
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208 Bugesera Cwezi-Kubandwa Religion Confident 1700 CE 1799 CE
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209 Ndorwa Cwezi-Kubandwa Religion Confident 1700 CE 1800 CE
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210 Nkore Cwezi-Kubandwa Religion Confident 1450 CE 1749 CE
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211 Burundi Cwezi-Kubandwa Religion Confident 1680 CE 1903 CE
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212 Kingdom of Nyinginya Cwezi-Kubandwa Religion Confident 1650 CE 1897 CE
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213 Buhaya Cwezi-Kubandwa Religion Confident 1700 CE 1890 CE
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214 Nkore Cwezi-Kubandwa Religion Confident 1750 CE 1901 CE
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215 Karagwe Cwezi-Kubandwa Religion Confident 1500 CE 1916 CE
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216 Gisaka Cwezi-Kubandwa Religion Confident 1700 CE 1867 CE
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217 Hmong - Early Chinese Protestant Christianity Confident 1895 CE 1941 CE
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218 Freetown Protestant Christianity Confident 1787 CE 1808 CE
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219 Kingdom of Jimma Oromo Religion Confident 1790 CE 1829 CE
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220 Early Modern Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Religion Confident 1650 CE 1896 CE
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221 Jolof Empire Wolof Religion Confident 1360 CE 1549 CE
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222 Kaabu Kaabu Religion Confident 1500 CE 1867 CE
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223 Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́ Orisha Religion Confident 1601 CE 1835 CE
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224 Oyo Orisha Religion Confident 1300 CE 1535 CE
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225 Proto-Yoruboid Orisha Religion Confident 300 BCE 300 CE
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226 Classical Ife Orisha Religion Confident 1000 CE 1400 CE
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227 Proto-Yoruba Orisha Religion Confident 301 CE 649 CE
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228 Late Formative Yoruba Orisha Religion Confident 650 CE 1049 CE
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229 Late Formative Yoruba Ruler Cult Confident 650 CE 1049 CE
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230 Foys Vodun Confident 1715 CE 1894 CE
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231 Allada Vodun Confident 1100 CE 1724 CE
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232 Whydah Vodun Confident 1671 CE 1727 CE
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233 Wukari Federation Jukun Religion Confident 1820 CE 1899 CE
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234 Kwararafa Jukun Religion Confident 1790 CE 1820 CE
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235 Torwa-Rozvi Mwali Religion Confident 1494 CE 1850 CE
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236 Great Zimbabwe Mwali Religion Confident 1270 CE 1550 CE
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237 Mutapa Mwali Religion Confident 1450 CE 1880 CE
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238 Toutswe Mwali Religion Confident 700 CE 1250 CE
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239 Medri Bahri Eritrean Orthodox Christianity Confident 1310 CE 1750 CE
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240 Kwararafa Kwararafa Religion Confident 1500 CE 1789 CE
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241 Buganda Buganda Religion Confident 1450 CE 1699 CE
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242 Buganda Buganda Religion Confident 1700 CE 1894 CE
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243 British East India Company Anglican Christianity Confident 1757 CE 1858 CE
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244 British Empire I Anglican Christianity Confident 1701 CE 1849 CE
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245 Orokaiva - Colonial Anglican Christianity Confident 1884 CE 1942 CE
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246 British Empire I Anglican Christianity Confident 1690 CE 1849 CE
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247 Middle and Late Nok Nok Religion Confident 900 BCE 0 CE
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248 Middle and Late Nok Nok Religion Confident 1500 BCE 901 BCE
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249 Kingdom of Kaffa Kaffa Religion Confident 1390 CE 1897 CE
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250 Zagwe Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity Confident 1137 CE 1269 CE
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251 Ethiopia Kingdom III Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity Confident 1769 CE 1854 CE
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252 Ethiopia Kingdom II Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity Confident 1621 CE 1768 CE
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253 Axum II Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity Confident 350 CE 599 CE
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254 Ethiopia Kingdom Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity Confident 1270 CE 1620 CE
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255 Axum III Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity Confident 600 CE 800 CE
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256 Habesha Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity Confident 801 CE 1136 CE
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257 Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì Igbo Religion Confident 1043 CE 1911 CE
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258 Aro Igbo Religion Confident 1690 CE 1902 CE
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259 Harla Kingdom Ethiopian Religion Confident 500 CE 1500 CE
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260 Kingdom of Sine Sereer Religion Confident 1350 CE 1887 CE
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261 Kingdom of Saloum Sereer Religion Confident 1490 CE 1863 CE
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262 Denyanke Kingdom Fulani Religion Confident 1490 CE 1776 CE
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263 Imamate of Oman and Muscat Ibadi Islam Confident 1749 CE 1895 CE
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264 Kingdom of Baol Wolof Confident 1550 CE 1890 CE
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265 Kingdom of Cayor Wolof Confident 1549 CE 1864 CE
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266 Kingdom of Waalo Wolof Confident 1287 CE 1855 CE
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267 Mane Sape Mane Religion Confident 1550 CE 1650 CE
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268 Benin Empire Benin Religion Confident 1140 CE 1897 CE
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269 Mossi Mossi Religion Confident 1100 CE 1897 CE
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270 Funj Sultanate Nubian Religion Confident 1504 CE 1820 CE
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271 Igala Igala religion Confident 1600 CE 1900 CE
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272 Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic unknown Confident 4000 BCE 3200 BCE
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273 Chalcolithic Middle Ganga unknown Suspected 3000 BCE 601 BCE
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274 Kanem Empire unknown Suspected 850 CE 1380 CE
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275 Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period unknown Confident 3200 BCE 2500 BCE
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276 Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic unknown Confident 5500 BCE 4000 BCE
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277 Funan I unknown Confident 225 CE 540 CE
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278 Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic unknown Suspected 5500 BCE 3000 BCE
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279 Fipa unknown Suspected 1600 CE 1890 CE
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280 Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic unknown Confident 7500 BCE 5500 BCE
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281 Gangaridai unknown Suspected 300 BCE 100 BCE
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282 Igodomingodo unknown Suspected 900 CE 1450 CE
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283 Pre-Sape Sierra Leone unknown Suspected 600 CE 1400 CE
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284 Late Angkor Shaivism Confident 1220 CE 1432 CE
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285 Himyar I South Arabian Religion Confident 270 CE 340 CE
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286 Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan South Arabian Religion Confident 110 BCE 149 CE
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287 Qatabanian Commonwealth South Arabian Religion Confident 450 BCE 111 BCE
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288 Sabaean Commonwealth South Arabian Religion Confident 800 BCE 451 BCE
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289 Wari Empire Wari religion Confident 650 CE 999 CE
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290 Cuzco - Late Intermediate II Inca religion Confident 1250 CE 1400 CE
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291 Inca Empire Inca religion Confident 1375 CE 1532 CE
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292 Cuzco - Late Intermediate I pre-Inca religion Confident 1000 CE 1250 CE
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293 Byzantine Empire I Eastern Orthodox Christianity Confident 632 CE 866 CE
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294 Sakha - Late Eastern Orthodox Christianity Confident 1632 CE 1900 CE
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295 Byzantine Empire II Eastern Orthodox Christianity Confident 867 CE 1072 CE
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296 Early Mongols Nestorian Christianity Confident 1000 CE 1206 CE
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297 Uigur Khaganate Manichaeism Confident 745 CE 840 CE
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298 Chagatai Khanate Mongolian Shamanism Confident 1227 CE 1402 CE
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299 Hatti - New Kingdom Hittite Religion Confident 1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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300 Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II Hittite Religion Confident 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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301 Hatti - Old Kingdom Hittite Religion Confident 1650 BCE 1500 BCE
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302 Neo-Hittite Kingdoms Hittite Religion Confident 1180 BCE 900 BCE
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303 Neo-Assyrian Empire Assyrian Religion Confident 911 BCE 612 BCE
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304 Macedonian Empire Hellenistic Religion Confident 330 BCE 312 BCE
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305 Lysimachus Kingdom Hellenistic Religion Confident 323 BCE 281 BCE
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306 Hellenistic Crete Hellenistic Religion Confident 323 BCE 69 BCE
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307 Phrygian Kingdom Phrygian Religion Confident 900 BCE 695 BCE
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308 Kingdom of Lydia Phrygian Religion Confident 670 BCE 546 BCE
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309 Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial Orokaiva Religion Confident 1734 CE 1883 CE
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310 Orokaiva - Colonial Orokaiva Religion Confident 1884 CE 1942 CE
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311 Ashanti Empire Akan Religion Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
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312 Akan - Pre-Ashanti Akan Religion Confident 1501 CE 1701 CE
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313 Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy Iroquois Religion Confident 1300 CE 1565 CE
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314 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late Iroquois Religion Confident 1714 CE 1848 CE
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315 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early Iroquois Religion Confident 1566 CE 1713 CE
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316 Hmong - Late Qing Hmong Religion Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
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317 Hmong - Early Chinese Hmong Religion Confident 1895 CE 1941 CE
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318 Chuuk - Early Truk Trukese Religion Confident 1775 CE 1886 CE
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319 Chuuk - Late Truk Trukese Religion Confident 1886 CE 1948 CE
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320 Icelandic Commonwealth Old Norse Religion Confident 930 CE 999 CE
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321 Iban - Pre-Brooke Iban Religion Confident 1650 CE 1841 CE
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322 Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial Iban Religion Confident 1841 CE 1987 CE
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323 Late A'chik Achik Religion Confident 1867 CE 1956 CE
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324 Early A'chik Achik Religion Confident 1775 CE 1867 CE
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325 Western Zhou Chinese Popular Religion Confident 1122 BCE 771 BCE
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326 Qin Empire Chinese Popular Religion Confident 338 BCE 207 BCE
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327 * Tang Dynasty I Daoism Confident 617 CE 763 CE
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328 Northern Wei Daoism Confident 386 CE 534 CE
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329 Tang Dynasty II Daoism Confident 763 CE 907 CE
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330 Great Ming Confucianism Confident 1368 CE 1644 CE
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331 Western Jin Confucianism Confident 265 CE 317 CE
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332 Late Qing Confucianism Confident 1796 CE 1912 CE
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333 Early Qing Confucianism Confident 1644 CE 1796 CE
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334 Eastern Han Empire Confucianism Confident 25 CE 220 CE
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335 Western Han Empire Confucianism Confident 202 BCE 9 CE
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336 Late Shang Shang Religion Confident 1250 BCE 1045 BCE
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337 Great Yuan Tibetan Buddhism Confident 1271 CE 1368 CE
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338 Rouran Khaganate Rouran Religion Confident 300 CE 499 CE
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339 Second Turk Khaganate Turkic Religion Confident 682 CE 744 CE
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340 Western Turk Khaganate Turkic Religion Confident 582 CE 630 CE
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341 Eastern Turk Khaganate Turkic Religion Confident 583 CE 630 CE
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342 Xiongnu Imperial Confederation Xiongnu Religion Confident 209 BCE 60 BCE
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343 Late Xiongnu Xiongnu Religion Confident 60 BCE 100 CE
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344 Early Mongols Tengrism Confident 1000 CE 1206 CE
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345 Late Mongols Tengrism Confident 1368 CE 1690 CE
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346 Xianbei Confederation Tengrism Confident 100 CE 250 CE
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347 Ilkhanate Tengrism Confident 1256 CE 1294 CE
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348 Mongol Empire Mongol Religion Confident 1206 CE 1270 CE
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349 Majapahit Kingdom Hindu-Buddhism Confident 1292 CE 1518 CE
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350 Axum I Ethiopo-Sabaean Religion Confident 149 BCE 349 CE
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351 Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom Ancient Egyptian Religion Confident 2650 BCE 2350 BCE
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352 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period Ancient Egyptian Religion Confident 1720 BCE 1567 BCE
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353 Egypt - Kushite Period Ancient Egyptian Religion Confident 747 BCE 656 BCE
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354 Egypt - Saite Period Ancient Egyptian Religion Confident 664 BCE 525 BCE
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355 Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period Ancient Egyptian Religion Confident 1069 BCE 747 BCE
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356 Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period Ancient Egyptian Religion Confident 1293 BCE 1070 BCE
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357 Egypt - Late Old Kingdom Ancient Egyptian Religion Confident 2350 BCE 2150 BCE
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358 Egypt - Middle Kingdom Ancient Egyptian Religion Confident 2016 BCE 1700 BCE
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359 Egypt - Period of the Regions Ancient Egyptian Religion Confident 2150 BCE 2016 BCE
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360 Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period Ancient Egyptian Religion Confident 1550 BCE 1293 BCE
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361 Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period Ancient Egyptian Religion Confident 404 BCE 342 BCE
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362 Ancient Khwarazm Ancient Khwarazm Religion Confident 1000 BCE 521 BCE
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363 Andronovo Andronovan Religion Confident 1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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364 Kidarite Kingdom Hinayana Buddhism Confident 388 CE 477 CE
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365 Hawaii II Hawaiian Religion Confident 1200 CE 1580 CE
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366 Hawaii III Hawaiian Religion Confident 1580 CE 1778 CE
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367 Hawaii I Hawaiian Religion Confident 1000 CE 1200 CE
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368 Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period Hawaiian Religion Confident 1778 CE 1819 CE
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369 New Palace Crete New Palace Minoan Religion Confident 1700 BCE 1450 BCE
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370 Old Palace Crete Old Palace Minoan Religion Confident 1900 BCE 1700 BCE
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371 Prepalatial Crete Prepalatial Minoan Religion Confident 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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372 Final Postpalatial Crete Minoan Religion Confident 1200 BCE 1000 BCE
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373 Postpalatial Crete Minoan Religion Confident 1300 BCE 1200 BCE
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374 Phoenician Empire Canaanite Religion Confident 1200 BCE 332 BCE
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375 Yisrael Yahwism Confident 1030 BCE 722 BCE
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376 Hephthalites Hephthalite Religion Confident 408 CE 561 CE
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377 Kamakura Shogunate Shinto-Buddhism Confident 1185 CE 1333 CE
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378 Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama Shinto-Buddhism Confident 1568 CE 1603 CE
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379 Nara Kingdom Shinto-Buddhism Confident 710 CE 794 CE
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380 Warring States Japan Shinto-Buddhism Confident 1467 CE 1568 CE
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381 Heian Shinto-Buddhism Confident 794 CE 1185 CE
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382 Japan - Final Jomon Jomon Religion Confident 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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383 Tokugawa Shogunate Shinto Confident 1603 CE 1868 CE
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384 Asuka Shinto Confident 538 CE 710 CE
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385 Kansai - Kofun Period Kofun religion Confident 250 CE 537 CE
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386 Kansai - Yayoi Period Yayoi Religion Confident 300 BCE 250 CE
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387 Monte Alban IIIB and IV Zapotec Religion Confident 500 CE 900 CE
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388 Monte Alban Late I Zapotec Religion Confident 300 BCE 100 BCE
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389 Early Monte Alban I Zapotec Religion Confident 500 BCE 300 BCE
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390 Monte Alban V Zapotec Religion Confident 900 CE 1520 CE
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391 Monte Alban II Zapotec Religion Confident 100 BCE 200 CE
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392 Monte Alban III Zapotec Religion Confident 200 CE 500 CE
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393 Oaxaca - San Jose Otomanguean Religion Confident 1150 BCE 700 BCE
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394 Oaxaca - Rosario Otomanguean Religion Confident 700 BCE 500 BCE
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395 Oaxaca - Tierras Largas Otomanguean Religion Confident 1400 BCE 1150 BCE
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396 Tairona Tairona Religion Confident 1050 CE 1524 CE
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397 Neguanje Tairona Religion Confident 250 CE 1050 CE
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398 La Tene C2-D Celtic Religion Confident 175 BCE 27 BCE
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399 La Tene B2-C1 Celtic Religion Confident 325 BCE 175 BCE
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400 La Tene A-B1 Celtic Religion Confident 475 BCE 325 BCE
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401 Late Roman Republic Roman Religion Confident 133 BCE 31 BCE
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402 Roman Empire - Principate Roman Religion Confident 31 BCE 284 CE
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403 Middle Roman Republic Roman Religion Confident 264 BCE 133 BCE
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404 Roman Empire - Dominate Roman Religion Confident 285 CE 380 CE
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405 Roman Kingdom Roman Religion Confident 716 BCE 509 BCE
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406 Hallstatt A-B1 Urnfield Culture Religion Confident 1000 BCE 900 BCE
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407 Dynasty of E Mesopotamian Religion Confident 979 BCE 732 BCE
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408 Neo-Babylonian Empire Mesopotamian Religion Confident 626 BCE 539 BCE
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409 Ur - Dynasty III Mesopotamian Religion Confident 2112 BCE 2004 BCE
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410 Early Dynastic Mesopotamian Religion Confident 2900 BCE 2500 BCE
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411 Elymais II Mesopotamian Religion Confident 25 CE 215 CE
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412 Isin-Larsa Mesopotamian Religion Confident 2004 BCE 1763 BCE
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413 Amorite Babylonia Mesopotamian Religion Confident 2000 BCE 1600 BCE
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414 Uruk Mesopotamian Religion Confident 4000 BCE 2900 BCE
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415 Elam - Shutrukid Period Elamite Religion Confident 1199 BCE 1100 BCE
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416 Elam - Late Sukkalmah Elamite Religion Confident 1700 BCE 1500 BCE
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417 Elam - Shimashki Period Elamite Religion Confident 2028 BCE 1940 BCE
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418 Elam - Crisis Period Elamite Religion Confident 1100 BCE 900 BCE
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419 Elam - Awan Dynasty I Elamite Religion Confident 2675 BCE 2100 BCE
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420 Elam - Kidinuid Period Elamite Religion Confident 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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421 Elam - Early Sukkalmah Elamite Religion Confident 1900 BCE 1701 BCE
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422 Elam - Igihalkid Period Elamite Religion Confident 1399 BCE 1200 BCE
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423 Elam III Elamite Religion Confident 612 BCE 539 BCE
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424 Elam II Elamite Religion Confident 743 BCE 647 BCE
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425 Elam I Elamite Religion Confident 900 BCE 744 BCE
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426 Akkadian Empire Akkadian Religion Confident 2270 BCE 2083 BCE
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427 Qajar Twelver Shia Islam Confident 1794 CE 1925 CE
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428 Ostrogothic Kingdom Arianism Confident 489 CE 554 CE
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429 Early Roman Republic Amalgamation of Roman Religion Etruscan Religion and local ‘cult’ practices Confident 509 BCE 264 BCE
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430 Papal States - Renaissance Period Roman Catholicism Confident 1378 CE 1527 CE
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431 Roman Kingdom Etruscan Religion Confident 716 BCE 509 BCE
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432 Egypt - Dynasty II Early Dynastic Egyptian Religion Confident 2900 BCE 2687 BCE
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433 Egypt - Dynasty I Early Dynastic Egyptian Religion Confident 3100 BCE 2900 BCE
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434 Ptolemaic Kingdom I Greco-Egyptian Religion Confident 305 BCE 217 BCE
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435 Ptolemaic Kingdom II Greco-Egyptian Religion Confident 217 BCE 30 BCE
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436 Naqada II Naqada Religion Confident 3550 BCE 3300 BCE
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437 Egypt - Dynasty 0 Naqada Religion Confident 3300 BCE 3100 BCE
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438 * Toltecs Mesoamerican Religions Confident 900 CE 1199 CE
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439 Initial Formative Basin of Mexico Mesoamerican Religions Confident 2000 BCE 1201 BCE
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440 * Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico Mesoamerican Religions Confident 1200 CE 1426 CE
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441 * Classic Basin of Mexico Mesoamerican Religions Confident 100 CE 649 CE
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442 * Ubaid Mesoamerican Religions Confident 5500 BCE 4201 BCE
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443 * Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico Mesoamerican Religions Confident 100 BCE 99 CE
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444 * Middle Formative Basin of Mexico Mesoamerican Religions Confident 800 BCE 401 BCE
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445 * Aztec Empire Mesoamerican Religions Confident 1427 CE 1526 CE
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446 * Epiclassic Basin of Mexico Mesoamerican Religions Confident 650 CE 899 CE
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447 * Late Formative Basin of Mexico Mesoamerican Religions Confident 400 BCE 101 BCE
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448 * Early Formative Basin of Mexico Mesoamerican Religions Confident 1200 BCE 801 BCE
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