Section: Social Complexity / Writing Systems
Variable: Non Phonetic Writing (All coded records)
Talking about Writing Systems, this refers to the kind of script  
Non Phonetic Writing
#  Polity  Coded Value Tags Year(s) Edit Desc
1 Xianbei Confederation absent Inferred 100 CE 229 CE
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2 Xianbei Confederation present Inferred 230 CE 250 CE
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3 Rouran Khaganate absent Inferred 300 CE 499 CE
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4 Rouran Khaganate present Inferred 500 CE 555 CE
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5 Early Modern Sierra Leone absent Inferred 1650 CE 1832 CE
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6 Early Modern Sierra Leone present Confident 1833 CE 1896 CE
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7 Chuuk - Late Truk absent Confident 1886 CE 1914 CE
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8 Chuuk - Late Truk present Confident 1915 CE 1948 CE
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9 Classic Tana unknown Suspected 1100 CE 1498 CE
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10 Bito Dynasty absent Confident 1700 CE 1894 CE
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11 Cwezi Dynasty absent Confident 1450 CE 1699 CE
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12 Pre-Maravi absent Confident 1151 CE 1399 CE
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13 Early Maravi absent Confident 1400 CE 1499 CE
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14 Northern Maravi Kingdom absent Confident 1500 CE 1621 CE
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15 Maravi Empire absent Confident 1622 CE 1870 CE
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16 Late East Africa Iron Age absent Confident 800 CE 1150 CE
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17 Early Tana 1 unknown Suspected 500 CE 749 CE
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18 Early Tana 2 unknown Suspected 750 CE 1099 CE
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19 Chauhana Dynasty absent Inferred 973 CE 1192 CE
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20 Chu Kingdom - Spring and Autumn Period present Confident 740 BCE 489 BCE
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21 Chu Kingdom - Warring States Period present Confident 488 BCE 223 BCE
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22 Early Maravi absent Confident 1400 CE 1499 CE
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23 Early Nyoro absent Confident 900 CE 1449 CE
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24 Early Tana 1 unknown Suspected 500 CE 749 CE
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25 Early Tana 2 unknown Suspected 750 CE 1099 CE
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26 Jayarid Khanate absent Confident 1336 CE 1393 CE
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27 Kakatiya Dynasty absent Confident 1175 CE 1324 CE
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28 Kamarupa Kingdom absent Confident 350 CE 1130 CE
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29 Late East Africa Iron Age absent Confident 800 CE 1150 CE
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30 Later Qin Kingdom present Confident 386 CE 417 CE
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31 Maravi Empire absent Confident 1622 CE 1870 CE
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32 Monte Alban V Early Postclassic present Confident 900 CE 1099 CE
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33 Monte Alban V Late Postclassic present Inferred 1101 CE 1520 CE
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34 Northern Maravi Kingdom absent Confident 1500 CE 1621 CE
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35 Pre-Maravi absent Confident 1151 CE 1399 CE
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36 Songhai Empire absent Inferred 1376 CE 1493 CE
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37 Almoravids absent Confident 1035 CE 1150 CE
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38 Bulgaria - Early uncoded Undecided 681 CE 864 CE
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39 Bulgaria - Middle uncoded Undecided 865 CE 1018 CE
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40 Early Greater Coclé absent Confident 200 CE 700 CE
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41 Early Wagadu Empire absent Inferred 250 CE 700 CE
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42 Kingdom of Sicily - Hohenstaufen and Angevin dynasties absent Confident 1194 CE 1281 CE
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43 La Mula-Sarigua absent Confident 1300 BCE 200 CE
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44 Late Greater Coclé absent Confident 1000 CE 1515 CE
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45 Later Yan Kingdom present Confident 385 CE 409 CE
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46 Middle Greater Coclé absent Confident 700 CE 1000 CE
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47 Monagrillo absent Confident 3000 BCE 1300 BCE
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48 Numidia uncoded Undecided 220 BCE 46 BCE
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49 Ottoman Empire Late Period absent Confident 1873 CE 1920 CE
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50 Southern Qi State present Confident 479 CE 502 CE
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51 Tuyuhun uncoded Undecided 300 CE 663 CE
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52 Xixia uncoded Undecided 1032 CE 1227 CE
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53 * Norman England absent Confident 1066 CE 1153 CE
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54 Durrani Empire absent Confident 1747 CE 1826 CE
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55 Ghur Principality absent Confident 1025 CE 1215 CE
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56 Gupta Empire absent Confident 320 CE 550 CE
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57 Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty absent Confident 730 CE 1030 CE
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58 Kannauj - Varman Dynasty absent Confident 650 CE 780 CE
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59 Magadha absent Confident 450 CE 605 CE
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60 Mahajanapada era unknown Suspected 600 BCE 324 BCE
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61 Mughal Empire absent Confident 1526 CE 1858 CE
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62 Vakataka Kingdom absent Confident 255 CE 550 CE
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63 Vijayanagara Empire absent Confident 1336 CE 1646 CE
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64 Kassite Babylonia absent Confident 1595 BCE 1150 BCE
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65 Bazi Dynasty absent Confident 1005 BCE 986 BCE
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66 Dynasty of E absent Confident 979 BCE 732 BCE
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67 Second Dynasty of Isin absent Confident 1153 BCE 1027 BCE
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68 Ak Koyunlu absent Confident 1339 CE 1501 CE
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69 Buyid Confederation absent Confident 932 CE 1062 CE
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70 Ilkhanate absent Confident 1256 CE 1339 CE
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71 Elam - Shutrukid Period absent Confident 1199 BCE 1100 BCE
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72 Elam I absent Confident 900 BCE 744 BCE
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73 Jaffna absent Confident 1310 CE 1591 CE
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74 La Tene C2-D unknown Suspected 175 BCE 27 BCE
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75 French Kingdom - Early Valois absent Confident 1328 CE 1450 CE
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76 French Kingdom - Late Valois absent Confident 1450 CE 1589 CE
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77 Abbasid Caliphate I absent Confident 750 CE 946 CE
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78 Abbasid Caliphate II absent Confident 1191 CE 1258 CE
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79 La Tene A-B1 absent Inferred 475 BCE 325 BCE
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80 Greco-Bactrian Kingdom absent Confident 256 BCE 125 BCE
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81 Hephthalites absent Confident 408 CE 561 CE
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82 Kushan Empire absent Confident 35 CE 319 CE
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83 Jin Dynasty present Confident 1115 CE 1234 CE
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84 Western Han Empire present Confident 202 BCE 9 CE
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85 Ayyubid Sultanate absent Confident 1171 CE 1250 CE
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86 Badarian absent Inferred 4400 BCE 3800 BCE
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87 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I absent Confident 1260 CE 1348 CE
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88 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III absent Confident 1412 CE 1517 CE
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89 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II absent Confident 1348 CE 1412 CE
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90 Ptolemaic Kingdom I present Confident 305 BCE 217 BCE
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91 Ptolemaic Kingdom II present Confident 217 BCE 30 BCE
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92 Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period absent Confident 868 CE 969 CE
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93 Spanish Empire I absent Confident 1516 CE 1715 CE
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94 Beaker Culture unknown Suspected 3200 BCE 2000 BCE
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95 French Kingdom - Early Bourbon absent Confident 1589 CE 1660 CE
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96 Carolingian Empire I absent Confident 752 CE 840 CE
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97 Carolingian Empire II absent Confident 840 CE 987 CE
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98 Hallstatt A-B1 unknown Suspected 1000 BCE 900 BCE
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99 Hallstatt B2-3 unknown Suspected 900 BCE 700 BCE
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100 Hallstatt C unknown Suspected 700 BCE 600 BCE
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101 Hallstatt D unknown Suspected 600 BCE 475 BCE
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102 Kalingga Kingdom absent Confident 500 CE 732 CE
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103 Kediri Kingdom absent Confident 1049 CE 1222 CE
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104 Majapahit Kingdom absent Confident 1292 CE 1518 CE
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105 Mataram Sultanate absent Confident 1568 CE 1755 CE
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106 Medang Kingdom absent Confident 732 CE 1019 CE
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107 Kingdom of Ayodhya absent Confident 64 BCE 34 CE
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108 Deccan - Iron Age unknown Suspected 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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109 Deccan - Neolithic unknown Suspected 2700 BCE 1200 BCE
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110 Gahadavala Dynasty absent Confident 1085 CE 1193 CE
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111 Western Jin present Confident 265 CE 317 CE
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112 Jin present Confident 780 BCE 404 BCE
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113 Great Ming present Confident 1368 CE 1644 CE
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114 Northern Song present Confident 960 CE 1127 CE
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115 Northern Wei present Confident 386 CE 534 CE
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116 Early Qing present Confident 1644 CE 1796 CE
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117 Sui Dynasty present Confident 581 CE 618 CE
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118 Tang Dynasty I present Confident 617 CE 763 CE
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119 Tang Dynasty II present Confident 763 CE 907 CE
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120 Early Wei Dynasty present Confident 445 BCE 225 BCE
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121 Western Zhou present Confident 1122 BCE 771 BCE
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122 Great Yuan present Confident 1271 CE 1368 CE
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123 Egypt - Dynasty I present Confident 3100 BCE 2900 BCE
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124 Egypt - Dynasty II present Confident 2900 BCE 2687 BCE
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125 Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period present Confident 404 BCE 342 BCE
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126 Egypt - Middle Kingdom present Confident 2016 BCE 1700 BCE
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127 Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period present Confident 1293 BCE 1070 BCE
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128 Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period present Confident 1550 BCE 1293 BCE
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129 Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom present Confident 2650 BCE 2350 BCE
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130 Egypt - Late Old Kingdom present Confident 2350 BCE 2150 BCE
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131 Egypt - Period of the Regions present Confident 2150 BCE 2016 BCE
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132 Egypt - Saite Period present Confident 664 BCE 525 BCE
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133 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period present Confident 1720 BCE 1567 BCE
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134 Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period present Confident 1069 BCE 747 BCE
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135 Atlantic Complex unknown Suspected 2200 BCE 1000 BCE
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136 French Kingdom - Late Bourbon absent Confident 1660 CE 1815 CE
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137 Proto-French Kingdom absent Confident 987 CE 1150 CE
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138 French Kingdom - Late Capetian absent Confident 1150 CE 1328 CE
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139 Early Merovingian absent Confident 481 CE 543 CE
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140 Proto-Carolingian absent Confident 687 CE 751 CE
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141 Middle Merovingian absent Confident 543 CE 687 CE
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142 Akkadian Empire absent Confident 2270 BCE 2083 BCE
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143 Elam II absent Confident 743 BCE 647 BCE
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144 Elam III absent Confident 612 BCE 539 BCE
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145 Parthian Empire I absent Confident 247 BCE 40 CE
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146 Parthian Empire II absent Confident 41 CE 226 CE
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147 Safavid Empire absent Confident 1501 CE 1722 CE
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148 Sasanid Empire I absent Confident 205 CE 487 CE
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149 Sasanid Empire II absent Confident 488 CE 642 CE
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150 Seleucids absent Confident 312 BCE 63 BCE
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151 Seljuk Sultanate absent Confident 1037 CE 1157 CE
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152 Elam - Shimashki Period absent Confident 2028 BCE 1940 BCE
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153 Elam - Late Sukkalmah absent Confident 1700 BCE 1500 BCE
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154 Latium - Iron Age absent Confident 1000 BCE 580 BCE
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155 Ostrogothic Kingdom absent Confident 489 CE 554 CE
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156 Rome - Republic of St Peter II absent Confident 904 CE 1198 CE
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157 Papal States - High Medieval Period absent Confident 1198 CE 1309 CE
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158 Papal States - Early Modern Period I absent Confident 1527 CE 1648 CE
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159 Papal States - Early Modern Period II absent Confident 1648 CE 1809 CE
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160 Papal States - Renaissance Period absent Confident 1378 CE 1527 CE
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161 Exarchate of Ravenna absent Confident 568 CE 751 CE
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162 Early Roman Republic absent Confident 509 BCE 264 BCE
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163 Late Roman Republic absent Confident 133 BCE 31 BCE
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164 Middle Roman Republic absent Confident 264 BCE 133 BCE
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165 Roman Empire - Principate absent Confident 31 BCE 284 CE
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166 Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity absent Confident 395 CE 476 CE
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167 Republic of St Peter I absent Confident 711 CE 904 CE
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168 Kara-Khanids absent Confident 950 CE 1212 CE
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169 Western Turk Khaganate absent Confident 582 CE 630 CE
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170 Magadha - Sunga Empire absent Confident 187 BCE 65 BCE
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171 Neo-Assyrian Empire present Confident 911 BCE 612 BCE
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172 Susiana B absent Confident 5700 BCE 5100 BCE
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173 Susiana - Early Ubaid absent Confident 5100 BCE 4700 BCE
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174 Latium - Bronze Age absent Inferred 1800 BCE 900 BCE
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175 Warring States Japan present Confident 1467 CE 1568 CE
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176 Late Mongols absent Confident 1368 CE 1690 CE
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177 Second Turk Khaganate absent Confident 682 CE 744 CE
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178 Uigur Khaganate absent Confident 745 CE 840 CE
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179 Inca Empire absent Confident 1375 CE 1532 CE
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180 Indo-Greek Kingdom unknown Suspected 180 BCE 10 BCE
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181 Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period absent Confident 1300 BCE 500 BCE
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182 Sind - Samma Dynasty absent Confident 1335 CE 1521 CE
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183 Umayyad Caliphate absent Confident 661 CE 750 CE
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184 Fatimid Caliphate absent Confident 909 CE 1171 CE
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185 Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age absent Confident 3000 BCE 2000 BCE
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186 Byzantine Empire I absent Confident 632 CE 866 CE
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187 Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic absent Confident 6000 BCE 5500 BCE
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188 Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic absent Inferred 5500 BCE 3000 BCE
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189 Hatti - Old Kingdom present Confident 1650 BCE 1500 BCE
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190 Kingdom of Lydia absent Confident 670 BCE 546 BCE
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191 Lysimachus Kingdom absent Confident 323 BCE 281 BCE
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192 Roman Empire - Dominate absent Confident 285 CE 394 CE
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193 Chagatai Khanate absent Confident 1263 CE 1402 CE
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194 Khanate of Bukhara absent Confident 1599 CE 1747 CE
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195 Samanid Empire absent Confident 819 CE 999 CE
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196 Sogdiana - City-States Period unknown Suspected 604 CE 711 CE
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197 Timurid Empire absent Confident 1370 CE 1526 CE
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198 Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty absent Confident 1637 CE 1805 CE
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199 Eastern Han Empire present Confident 25 CE 220 CE
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200 Erligang unknown Suspected 1650 BCE 1250 BCE
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201 Late Shang present Confident 1250 BCE 1045 BCE
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202 Magadha - Maurya Empire absent Confident 324 BCE 187 BCE
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203 Early Xiongnu absent Inferred 1400 BCE 300 BCE
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204 Later Wagadu Empire absent Inferred 1078 CE 1203 CE
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205 Monte Alban IIIB and IV present Confident 500 CE 900 CE
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206 Cuzco - Early Intermediate I absent Confident 200 CE 499 CE
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207 Cuzco - Late Formative absent Confident 500 BCE 200 CE
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208 Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic absent Confident 5500 BCE 4000 BCE
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209 Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period absent Confident 3200 BCE 2500 BCE
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210 Egypt - Kushite Period present Confident 747 BCE 656 BCE
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211 Byzantine Empire III absent Confident 1073 CE 1204 CE
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212 Hatti - New Kingdom absent Confident 1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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213 Rum Sultanate absent Confident 1077 CE 1307 CE
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214 Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period absent Confident 1778 CE 1819 CE
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215 Yemen - Era of Warlords absent Confident 1038 CE 1174 CE
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216 Yemen Ziyad Dynasty absent Confident 822 CE 1037 CE
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217 Neguanje absent Confident 250 CE 1050 CE
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218 Naqada I absent Inferred 3800 BCE 3550 BCE
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219 Proto-Yoruba absent Confident 301 CE 649 CE
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220 * East Francia absent Confident 842 CE 919 CE
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221 Naqada II present Inferred 3550 BCE 3300 BCE
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222 Egypt - Dynasty 0 absent Confident 3300 BCE 3100 BCE
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223 Chuuk - Early Truk absent Confident 1775 CE 1886 CE
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224 La Tene B2-C1 unknown Suspected 325 BCE 175 BCE
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225 Hawaii II absent Confident 1200 CE 1580 CE
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226 Hawaii III absent Confident 1580 CE 1778 CE
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227 Kadamba Empire absent Confident 345 CE 550 CE
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228 Kampili Kingdom absent Confident 1280 CE 1327 CE
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229 Isin-Larsa absent Confident 2004 BCE 1763 BCE
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230 Neo-Babylonian Empire absent Confident 626 BCE 539 BCE
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231 Achaemenid Empire absent Confident 550 BCE 331 BCE
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232 Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar absent Confident 7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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233 Formative Period absent Confident 7200 BCE 7000 BCE
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234 Susiana A absent Confident 6000 BCE 5700 BCE
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235 Susiana - Late Ubaid absent Confident 4700 BCE 4300 BCE
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236 Elam - Kidinuid Period present Confident 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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237 Pre-Ceramic Period absent Confident 7800 BCE 7200 BCE
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238 Susa I absent Confident 4300 BCE 3800 BCE
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239 Latium - Copper Age absent Inferred 3600 BCE 1800 BCE
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240 Ashikaga Shogunate present Confident 1336 CE 1467 CE
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241 Asuka present Confident 538 CE 710 CE
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242 Byzantine Empire II absent Confident 867 CE 1072 CE
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243 Late Cappadocia absent Confident 330 BCE 16 CE
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244 Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama present Confident 1568 CE 1603 CE
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245 Heian present Confident 794 CE 1185 CE
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246 * Ottoman Empire IV present Confident 1839 CE 1922 CE
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247 Kamakura Shogunate present Confident 1185 CE 1333 CE
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248 Kansai - Kofun Period present Confident 250 CE 537 CE
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249 Tokugawa Shogunate present Confident 1603 CE 1868 CE
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250 Kansai - Yayoi Period present Inferred 300 BCE 250 CE
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251 Jenne-jeno I absent Confident 250 BCE 49 CE
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252 Jenne-jeno II absent Confident 50 CE 399 CE
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253 Jenne-jeno III absent Confident 400 CE 899 CE
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254 Jenne-jeno IV absent Confident 900 CE 1300 CE
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255 Ancient Khwarazm absent Confident 1000 BCE 521 BCE
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256 Mali Empire absent Inferred 1230 CE 1410 CE
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257 Classical Ife absent Confident 1000 CE 1400 CE
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258 Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty absent Inferred 1493 CE 1591 CE
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259 Allada absent Confident 1100 CE 1724 CE
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260 Eastern Turk Khaganate present Confident 583 CE 630 CE
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261 Khitan I present Inferred 907 CE 1125 CE
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262 Late Xiongnu absent Inferred 60 BCE 100 CE
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263 Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic absent Confident 4000 BCE 3200 BCE
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264 Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period absent Confident 1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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265 Xiongnu Imperial Confederation absent Inferred 209 BCE 60 BCE
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266 Middle Wagadu Empire absent Confident 700 CE 1077 CE
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267 Early Monte Alban I present Confident 500 BCE 300 BCE
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268 Monte Alban Late I present Confident 300 BCE 100 BCE
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269 Monte Alban II present Confident 100 BCE 200 CE
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270 Monte Alban III present Confident 200 CE 500 CE
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271 Oaxaca - Rosario present Confident 700 BCE 500 BCE
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272 Oaxaca - San Jose absent Confident 1150 BCE 700 BCE
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273 Oaxaca - Tierras Largas absent Confident 1400 BCE 1150 BCE
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274 Cuzco - Early Intermediate II absent Confident 500 CE 649 CE
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275 Cuzco - Late Intermediate I absent Confident 1000 CE 1250 CE
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276 Wari Empire absent Confident 650 CE 999 CE
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277 Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic absent Confident 7500 BCE 5500 BCE
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278 Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period absent Confident 854 CE 1193 CE
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279 Phrygian Kingdom absent Confident 900 BCE 695 BCE
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280 Qatabanian Commonwealth absent Confident 450 BCE 111 BCE
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281 Sabaean Commonwealth absent Confident 800 BCE 451 BCE
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282 Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan absent Confident 110 BCE 149 CE
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283 Pandya Empire absent Confident 1216 CE 1323 CE
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284 Dambadaneiya absent Confident 1232 CE 1293 CE
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285 Anurādhapura IV absent Confident 614 CE 1017 CE
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286 Polonnaruwa absent Confident 1070 CE 1255 CE
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287 Anurādhapura III absent Confident 428 CE 614 CE
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288 Anurādhapura I absent Confident 300 BCE 70 CE
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289 Late Formative Yoruba absent Confident 650 CE 1049 CE
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290 Oyo absent Confident 1300 CE 1535 CE
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291 Proto-Yoruboid absent Confident 300 BCE 300 CE
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292 Foys absent Confident 1600 CE 1892 CE
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293 Buganda absent Confident 1700 CE 1894 CE
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294 Toro absent Confident 1830 CE 1896 CE
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295 Buganda absent Confident 1450 CE 1699 CE
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296 Karagwe absent Confident 1500 CE 1916 CE
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297 Kingdom of Nyinginya absent Confident 1650 CE 1897 CE
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298 Nkore absent Confident 1450 CE 1749 CE
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299 Ndorwa absent Confident 1700 CE 1800 CE
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300 Mane absent Inferred 1550 CE 1650 CE
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301 Burundi absent Confident 1680 CE 1903 CE
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302 Mubari absent Confident 10000 BCE 2000 CE
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303 Gisaka absent Confident 1700 CE 1867 CE
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304 Fipa absent Confident 1600 CE 1890 CE
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305 Bugesera absent Confident 1700 CE 1799 CE
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306 Nkore absent Confident 1750 CE 1901 CE
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307 Buhaya absent Confident 1700 CE 1890 CE
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308 Kaabu absent Inferred 1500 CE 1867 CE
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309 Early Cholas absent Confident 300 BCE 300 CE
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310 Late Pallava Empire absent Confident 300 CE 890 CE
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311 Kalabhra Dynasty absent Confident 200 CE 600 CE
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312 Futa Jallon absent Inferred 1725 CE 1896 CE
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313 Pre-Sape Sierra Leone absent Inferred 600 CE 1400 CE
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314 Sape absent Inferred 1400 CE 1550 CE
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315 Whydah absent Inferred 1671 CE 1727 CE
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316 Sokoto Caliphate absent Inferred 1804 CE 1904 CE
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317 Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì absent Inferred 1043 CE 1911 CE
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318 Hausa bakwai absent Inferred 900 CE 1808 CE
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319 Anglo-Saxon England I Transitional (Absent -> Present) Confident 410 CE 926 CE
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320 Benin Empire absent Inferred 1140 CE 1897 CE
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321 Kingdom of Jolof absent Inferred 1549 CE 1865 CE
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322 Dutch Empire present Confident 1648 CE 1795 CE
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323 Plantagenet England absent Confident 1154 CE 1485 CE
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324 Lombard Kingdom absent Confident 568 CE 774 CE
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325 Us Reconstruction-Progressive absent Confident 1866 CE 1933 CE
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326 Chaco Canyon - Late Bonito phase absent Confident 1101 CE 1140 CE
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327 Antebellum US absent Confident 1776 CE 1865 CE
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328 Late Classic Tikal present Confident 555 CE 869 CE
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329 Tudor and Early Stuart England present Confident 1486 CE 1689 CE
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330 Anglo-Saxon England II present Confident 927 CE 1065 CE
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331 Hohokam Culture absent Confident 300 CE 1500 CE
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332 Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I absent Confident 1454 CE 1648 CE
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333 Golden Horde present Confident 1240 CE 1440 CE
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334 Saffarid Caliphate absent Confident 861 CE 1003 CE
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335 Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period present Confident 1820 CE 1898 CE
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336 Napoleonic France absent Confident 1816 CE 1870 CE
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337 British Empire I Transitional (Absent -> Present) Confident 1690 CE 1849 CE
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338 Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty absent Confident 919 CE 1125 CE
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339 British East India Company present Confident 1757 CE 1858 CE
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340 British Empire IIIIIIIIII present Confident 1850 CE 1968 CE
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341 Qin Empire present Confident 338 BCE 207 BCE
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342 Southern Song present Confident 1127 CE 1279 CE
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343 Eastern Zhou present Confident 475 BCE 256 BCE
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344 Macedonian Empire absent Confident 330 BCE 312 BCE
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345 Imamate of Oman and Muscat absent Confident 1749 CE 1895 CE
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346 Portuguese Empire - Renaissance Period absent Confident 1495 CE 1579 CE
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347 Portuguese Empire - Early Modern absent Confident 1640 CE 1806 CE
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