Section: Social Complexity
Subsection: Writing Systems

Nonwritten Record

Talking about writing systems, nonwritten records are more extensive than mnemonics, but don't utilize script. example: quipu; seals and stamps  
Contributors: Jenny, Majid, Peter
Metadata:
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Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition
nonwritten_record The absence or presence of nonwritten record for a polity.
Actual Data:
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# Polity   Year(s)   Nonwritten Record   Confidence     Disputed?     Expert?   Edit
1
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation
* Year Range of Xiongnu Imperial Confederation is assumed.
[-209, -60]
absent
 Inferred No Edit
2
Early Angkor
* Year Range of Early Angkor is assumed.
[802, 1100]
absent
 Inferred No Edit
3
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I
* Year Range of Cuzco - Late Intermediate I is assumed.
[1000, 1250]
absent
 Inferred No Edit
4
Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic
* Year Range of Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic is assumed.
[-6000, -5500]
absent
 Confident No Edit
5
Early Mongols
* Year Range of Early Mongols is assumed.
[1000, 1206]
absent
 Confident No Edit
6
Archaic Basin of Mexico
* Year Range of Archaic Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[-6000, -2001]
absent
 Confident No Edit
7
Hohokam Culture
* Year Range of Hohokam Culture is assumed.
[300, 1500]
absent
 Confident No Edit
8
Chuuk - Early Truk
* Year Range of Chuuk - Early Truk is assumed.
[1775, 1886]
absent
 Confident No Edit
9
Rome - Republic of St Peter II
* Year Range of Rome - Republic of St Peter II is assumed.
[904, 1198]
absent
 Confident No Edit
10
Shuar - Ecuadorian
* Year Range of Shuar - Ecuadorian is assumed.
[1831, 1931]
absent
 Confident No Edit
11
Shuar - Colonial
* Year Range of Shuar - Colonial is assumed.
[1534, 1830]
absent
 Confident No Edit
12
Wari Empire
* Year Range of Wari Empire is assumed.
[650, 999]
absent
 Confident Yes Edit
13
Papal States - Renaissance Period
* Year Range of Papal States - Renaissance Period is assumed.
[1378, 1527]
absent
 Confident No Edit
14
Chuuk - Late Truk
* Year Range of Chuuk - Late Truk is assumed.
[1886, 1948]
absent
 Confident No Edit
15
Initial Formative Basin of Mexico
* Year Range of Initial Formative Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[-2000, -1201]
absent
 Confident No Edit
16
Umayyad Caliphate
* Year Range of Umayyad Caliphate is assumed.
[661, 750]
present
 Inferred No Edit
17
Hawaii II
* Year Range of Hawaii II is assumed.
[1200, 1580]
present
 Inferred No Edit
18
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period
* Year Range of Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period is assumed.
[-1800, -1300]
present
 Inferred No Edit
19
Tairona
* Year Range of Tairona is assumed.
[1050, 1524]
present
 Inferred No Edit
20
Early Xiongnu
* Year Range of Early Xiongnu is assumed.
[-1400, -300]
present
 Inferred No Edit
21
Late Xiongnu
* Year Range of Late Xiongnu is assumed.
[-60, 100]
present
 Inferred No Edit
22
Zungharian Empire
* Year Range of Zungharian Empire is assumed.
[1670, 1757]
present
 Inferred No Edit
23
Western Zhou
* Year Range of Western Zhou is assumed.
[-1122, -771]
present
 Inferred No Edit
24
Mali Empire
* Year Range of Mali Empire is assumed.
[1230, 1410]
present
 Inferred No Edit
25
Rouran Khaganate
* Year Range of Rouran Khaganate is assumed.
[300, 555]
present
 Inferred No Edit
26
Late Mongols
* Year Range of Late Mongols is assumed.
[1368, 1690]
present
 Inferred No Edit
27
Xianbei Confederation
* Year Range of Xianbei Confederation is assumed.
[100, 250]
present
 Inferred No Edit
28
Latium - Copper Age
* Year Range of Latium - Copper Age is assumed.
[-3600, -1800]
present
 Inferred No Edit
29
Elymais II
* Year Range of Elymais II is assumed.
[25, 215]
present
 Inferred No Edit
30
Latium - Bronze Age
* Year Range of Latium - Bronze Age is assumed.
[-1800, -900]
present
 Inferred No Edit
31
Late Shang
* Year Range of Late Shang is assumed.
[-1250, -1045]
present
 Inferred No Edit
32
Late Cappadocia
* Year Range of Late Cappadocia is assumed.
[-322, -93]
present
 Inferred No Edit
33
Erlitou
* Year Range of Erlitou is assumed.
[-1850, -1600]
present
 Inferred No Edit
34
Whydah
* Year Range of Whydah is assumed.
[1671, 1727]
present
 Inferred No Edit
35
Allada
* Year Range of Allada is assumed.
[1100, 1724]
present
 Inferred No Edit
36
Jin
* Year Range of Jin is assumed.
[-780, -404]
present
 Inferred No Edit
37
Longshan
* Year Range of Longshan is assumed.
[-3000, -1900]
present
 Inferred No Edit
38
Achaemenid Empire
* Year Range of Achaemenid Empire is assumed.
[-550, -331]
present
 Inferred No Edit
39
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
* Year Range of Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia is assumed.
[-2000, -1700]
present
 Inferred No Edit
40
Early Wei Dynasty
* Year Range of Early Wei Dynasty is assumed.
[-445, -225]
present
 Inferred No Edit
41
Eastern Turk Khaganate
* Year Range of Eastern Turk Khaganate is assumed.
[583, 630]
present
 Inferred No Edit
42
Yangshao
* Year Range of Yangshao is assumed.
[-5000, -3000]
present
 Inferred No Edit
43
Phrygian Kingdom
* Year Range of Phrygian Kingdom is assumed.
[-900, -695]
present
 Inferred No Edit
44
Eastern Han Empire
* Year Range of Eastern Han Empire is assumed.
[25, 220]
present
 Inferred No Edit
45
Early Dynastic
* Year Range of Early Dynastic is assumed.
[-2900, -2500]
present
 Confident No Edit
46
Elam III
* Year Range of Elam III is assumed.
[-612, -539]
present
 Confident No Edit
47
Neo-Babylonian Empire
* Year Range of Neo-Babylonian Empire is assumed.
[-626, -539]
present
 Confident No Edit
48
Elam - Late Sukkalmah
* Year Range of Elam - Late Sukkalmah is assumed.
[-1700, -1500]
present
 Confident No Edit
49
Susa III
* Year Range of Susa III is assumed.
[-3100, -2675]
present
 Confident No Edit
50
Latium - Iron Age
* Year Range of Latium - Iron Age is assumed.
[-1000, -580]
present
 Confident No Edit
51
Republic of St Peter I
* Year Range of Republic of St Peter I is assumed.
[711, 904]
present
 Confident No Edit
52
Roman Kingdom
* Year Range of Roman Kingdom is assumed.
[-716, -509]
present
 Confident No Edit
53
Late Angkor
* Year Range of Late Angkor is assumed.
[1220, 1432]
present
 Confident No Edit
54
Jenne-jeno I
* Year Range of Jenne-jeno I is assumed.
[-250, 49]
present
 Confident No Edit
55
Jenne-jeno II
* Year Range of Jenne-jeno II is assumed.
[50, 399]
present
 Confident No Edit
56
Jenne-jeno III
* Year Range of Jenne-jeno III is assumed.
[400, 899]
present
 Confident No Edit
57
Jenne-jeno IV
* Year Range of Jenne-jeno IV is assumed.
[900, 1300]
present
 Confident No Edit
58
Elam I
* Year Range of Elam I is assumed.
[-900, -744]
present
 Confident No Edit
59
Mataram Sultanate
* Year Range of Mataram Sultanate is assumed.
[1568, 1703]
present
 Confident No Edit
60
Papal States - High Medieval Period
* Year Range of Papal States - High Medieval Period is assumed.
[1198, 1309]
present
 Confident No Edit
61
Papal States - Medieval Period II
* Year Range of Papal States - Medieval Period II is assumed.
[1648, 1809]
present
 Confident No Edit
62
Exarchate of Ravenna
* Year Range of Exarchate of Ravenna is assumed.
[568, 751]
present
 Confident No Edit
63
Roman Empire - Principate
* Year Range of Roman Empire - Principate is assumed.
[-31, 284]
present
 Confident No Edit
64
Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity
* Year Range of Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity is assumed.
[395, 476]
present
 Confident No Edit
65
Kediri Kingdom
* Year Range of Kediri Kingdom is assumed.
[1049, 1222]
present
 Confident No Edit
66
Medang Kingdom
* Year Range of Medang Kingdom is assumed.
[732, 1019]
present
 Confident No Edit
67
Chalukyas of Kalyani
* Year Range of Chalukyas of Kalyani is assumed.
[973, 1191]
present
 Confident No Edit
68
Mughal Empire
* Year Range of Mughal Empire is assumed.
[1526, 1858]
present
 Confident No Edit
69
Rashtrakuta Empire
* Year Range of Rashtrakuta Empire is assumed.
[753, 973]
present
 Confident No Edit
70
Sunga Empire
* Year Range of Sunga Empire is assumed.
[-187, -65]
present
 Confident No Edit
71
Late Roman Republic
* Year Range of Late Roman Republic is assumed.
[-133, -31]
present
 Confident No Edit
72
Ghur Principality
* Year Range of Ghur Principality is assumed.
[1025, 1215]
present
 Confident No Edit
73
Late Qing
* Year Range of Late Qing is assumed.
[1796, 1912]
present
 Confident No Edit
74
Ottoman Empire III
* Year Range of Ottoman Empire III is assumed.
[1683, 1839]
present
 Confident No Edit
75
Foys
* Year Range of Foys is assumed.
[1600, 1892]
present
 Confident No Edit
76
Badarian
* Year Range of Badarian is assumed.
[-4400, -3800]
present
 Confident No Edit
77
Anglo-Saxon England I
* Year Range of Anglo-Saxon England I is assumed.
[410, 926]
present
 Confident No Edit
78
Napoleonic France
* Year Range of Napoleonic France is assumed.
[1816, 1870]
present
 Confident No Edit
79
Jin Dynasty
* Year Range of Jin Dynasty is assumed.
[1115, 1234]
present
 Confident No Edit
80
Geometric Crete
* Year Range of Geometric Crete is assumed.
[-1000, -710]
present
 Confident No Edit
81
Hellenistic Crete
* Year Range of Hellenistic Crete is assumed.
[-323, -69]
present
 Confident No Edit
82
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
* Year Range of Austro-Hungarian Monarchy is assumed.
[1867, 1918]
present
 Confident No Edit
83
British Empire IIIIIIIIII
* Year Range of British Empire IIIIIIIIII is assumed.
[1850, 1968]
present
 Confident No Edit
84
Northern Wei
* Year Range of Northern Wei is assumed.
[386, 534]
present
 Confident No Edit
85
Sui Dynasty
* Year Range of Sui Dynasty is assumed.
[581, 618]
present
 Confident No Edit
86
Tang Dynasty I
* Year Range of Tang Dynasty I is assumed.
[617, 763]
present
 Confident No Edit
87
Western Han Empire
* Year Range of Western Han Empire is assumed.
[-202, 9]
present
 Confident No Edit
88
Great Yuan
* Year Range of Great Yuan is assumed.
[1271, 1368]
present
 Confident No Edit
89
Ayyubid Sultanate
* Year Range of Ayyubid Sultanate is assumed.
[1171, 1250]
present
 Confident No Edit
90
Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period
* Year Range of Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period is assumed.
[-404, -342]
present
 Confident No Edit
91
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I
* Year Range of Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I is assumed.
[1260, 1348]
present
 Confident No Edit
92
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III
* Year Range of Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III is assumed.
[1412, 1517]
present
 Confident No Edit
93
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II
* Year Range of Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II is assumed.
[1348, 1412]
present
 Confident No Edit
94
Egypt - Middle Kingdom
* Year Range of Egypt - Middle Kingdom is assumed.
[-2016, -1700]
present
 Confident No Edit
95
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom
* Year Range of Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom is assumed.
[-2650, -2350]
present
 Confident No Edit
96
Egypt - Late Old Kingdom
* Year Range of Egypt - Late Old Kingdom is assumed.
[-2350, -2150]
present
 Confident No Edit
97
Ptolemaic Kingdom I
* Year Range of Ptolemaic Kingdom I is assumed.
[-305, -217]
present
 Confident No Edit
98
Ptolemaic Kingdom II
* Year Range of Ptolemaic Kingdom II is assumed.
[-217, -30]
present
 Confident No Edit
99
Egypt - Period of the Regions
* Year Range of Egypt - Period of the Regions is assumed.
[-2150, -2016]
present
 Confident No Edit
100
Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period
* Year Range of Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period is assumed.
[-1720, -1567]
present
 Confident No Edit
101
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period
* Year Range of Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period is assumed.
[-1069, -747]
present
 Confident No Edit
102
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period
* Year Range of Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period is assumed.
[868, 969]
present
 Confident No Edit
103
French Kingdom - Early Bourbon
* Year Range of French Kingdom - Early Bourbon is assumed.
[1589, 1660]
present
 Confident No Edit
104
Carolingian Empire I
* Year Range of Carolingian Empire I is assumed.
[752, 840]
present
 Confident No Edit
105
Carolingian Empire II
* Year Range of Carolingian Empire II is assumed.
[840, 987]
present
 Confident No Edit
106
Western Jin
* Year Range of Western Jin is assumed.
[265, 317]
present
 Confident No Edit
107
Tang Dynasty II
* Year Range of Tang Dynasty II is assumed.
[763, 907]
present
 Confident No Edit
108
Naqada I
* Year Range of Naqada I is assumed.
[-3800, -3550]
present
 Confident No Edit
109
Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period
* Year Range of Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period is assumed.
[-1550, -1293]
present
 Confident No Edit
110
Saadi Sultanate
* Year Range of Saadi Sultanate is assumed.
[1554, 1659]
present
 Confident No Edit
111
Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period
* Year Range of Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period is assumed.
[-1293, -1070]
present
 Confident No Edit
112
Abbasid Caliphate I
* Year Range of Abbasid Caliphate I is assumed.
[750, 946]
present
 Confident No Edit
113
Uruk
* Year Range of Uruk is assumed.
[-4000, -2900]
present
 Confident No Edit
114
Elam - Crisis Period
* Year Range of Elam - Crisis Period is assumed.
[-1100, -900]
present
 Confident No Edit
115
Classical Crete
* Year Range of Classical Crete is assumed.
[-500, -323]
present
 Confident No Edit
116
Egypt - Dynasty 0
* Year Range of Egypt - Dynasty 0 is assumed.
[-3300, -3100]
present
 Confident No Edit
117
Akan - Pre-Ashanti
* Year Range of Akan - Pre-Ashanti is assumed.
[1501, 1701]
present
 Confident No Edit
118
Ashanti Empire
* Year Range of Ashanti Empire is assumed.
[1701, 1895]
present
 Confident No Edit
119
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
* Year Range of Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial is assumed.
[1841, 1987]
present
 Confident No Edit
120
Canaan
* Year Range of Canaan is assumed.
[-2000, -1175]
present
 Confident No Edit
121
Mahajanapada era
* Year Range of Mahajanapada era is assumed.
[-600, -324]
present
 Confident No Edit
122
Ubaid
* Year Range of Ubaid is assumed.
[-5500, -4201]
present
 Confident No Edit
123
Maurya Empire
* Year Range of Maurya Empire is assumed.
[-324, -187]
present
 Confident No Edit
124
Satavahana Empire
* Year Range of Satavahana Empire is assumed.
[-100, 203]
present
 Confident No Edit
125
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I
* Year Range of Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I is assumed.
[1614, 1775]
present
 Confident No Edit
126
Abbasid Caliphate II
* Year Range of Abbasid Caliphate II is assumed.
[1191, 1258]
present
 Confident No Edit
127
Ur - Dynasty III
* Year Range of Ur - Dynasty III is assumed.
[-2112, -2004]
present
 Confident No Edit
128
Early A'chik
* Year Range of Early A'chik is assumed.
[1775, 1867]
present
 Confident No Edit
129
Late A'chik
* Year Range of Late A'chik is assumed.
[1867, 1956]
present
 Confident No Edit
130
Elam - Igihalkid Period
* Year Range of Elam - Igihalkid Period is assumed.
[-1399, -1200]
present
 Confident No Edit
131
Elam II
* Year Range of Elam II is assumed.
[-743, -647]
present
 Confident No Edit
132
Elam - Awan Dynasty I
* Year Range of Elam - Awan Dynasty I is assumed.
[-2675, -2100]
present
 Confident No Edit
133
Gupta Dynasty
* Year Range of Gupta Dynasty is assumed.
[320, 515]
present
 Confident No Edit
134
Akkadian Empire
* Year Range of Akkadian Empire is assumed.
[-2270, -2083]
present
 Confident No Edit
135
Elam - Shutrukid Period
* Year Range of Elam - Shutrukid Period is assumed.
[-1199, -1100]
present
 Confident No Edit
136
Classical Angkor
* Year Range of Classical Angkor is assumed.
[1100, 1220]
present
 Confident No Edit
137
Susiana - Early Ubaid
* Year Range of Susiana - Early Ubaid is assumed.
[-5100, -4700]
present
 Confident No Edit
138
Elam - Kidinuid Period
* Year Range of Elam - Kidinuid Period is assumed.
[-1500, -1400]
present
 Confident No Edit
139
Safavid Empire
* Year Range of Safavid Empire is assumed.
[1501, 1722]
present
 Confident No Edit
140
Elam - Shimashki Period
* Year Range of Elam - Shimashki Period is assumed.
[-2028, -1940]
present
 Confident No Edit
141
Susa I
* Year Range of Susa I is assumed.
[-4300, -3800]
present
 Confident No Edit
142
Western Turk Khaganate
* Year Range of Western Turk Khaganate is assumed.
[582, 630]
present
 Confident No Edit
143
Elam - Early Sukkalmah
* Year Range of Elam - Early Sukkalmah is assumed.
[-1900, -1701]
present
 Confident No Edit
144
Susa II
* Year Range of Susa II is assumed.
[-3800, -3100]
present
 Confident No Edit
145
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II
* Year Range of Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II is assumed.
[1776, 1917]
present
 Confident No Edit
146
Icelandic Commonwealth
* Year Range of Icelandic Commonwealth is assumed.
[930, 1262]
present
 Confident No Edit
147
Later Wagadu Empire
* Year Range of Later Wagadu Empire is assumed.
[1078, 1203]
present
 Confident No Edit
148
Plantagenet England
* Year Range of Plantagenet England is assumed.
[1154, 1485]
present
 Confident No Edit
149
Middle Wagadu Empire
* Year Range of Middle Wagadu Empire is assumed.
[700, 1077]
present
 Confident No Edit
150
Late Formative Basin of Mexico
* Year Range of Late Formative Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[-400, -101]
present
 Confident No Edit
151
Middle Formative Basin of Mexico
* Year Range of Middle Formative Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[-800, -401]
present
 Confident No Edit
152
Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico
* Year Range of Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[1200, 1426]
present
 Confident No Edit
153
Kingdom of Norway II
* Year Range of Kingdom of Norway II is assumed.
[1262, 1396]
present
 Confident No Edit
154
Inca Empire
* Year Range of Inca Empire is assumed.
[1375, 1532]
present
 Confident No Edit
155
Wari Empire
* Year Range of Wari Empire is assumed.
[650, 999]
present
 Confident Yes Edit
156
Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty
* Year Range of Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty is assumed.
[1310, 1526]
present
 Confident No Edit
157
Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty
* Year Range of Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty is assumed.
[919, 1125]
present
 Confident No Edit
158
Orokaiva - Colonial
* Year Range of Orokaiva - Colonial is assumed.
[1884, 1942]
present
 Confident No Edit
159
Indo-Greek Kingdom
* Year Range of Indo-Greek Kingdom is assumed.
[-180, -10]
present
 Confident No Edit
160
Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period
* Year Range of Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period is assumed.
[-1300, -500]
present
 Confident No Edit
161
Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age
* Year Range of Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age is assumed.
[-3000, -2000]
present
 Confident No Edit
162
Fatimid Caliphate
* Year Range of Fatimid Caliphate is assumed.
[909, 1171]
present
 Confident No Edit
163
Lombard Kingdom
* Year Range of Lombard Kingdom is assumed.
[568, 774]
present
 Confident No Edit
164
Us Reconstruction-Progressive
* Year Range of Us Reconstruction-Progressive is assumed.
[1866, 1933]
present
 Confident No Edit
165
Ottoman Empire I
* Year Range of Ottoman Empire I is assumed.
[1402, 1517]
present
 Confident No Edit
166
Sakha - Late
* Year Range of Sakha - Late is assumed.
[1632, 1900]
present
 Confident No Edit
167
Rattanakosin
* Year Range of Rattanakosin is assumed.
[1782, 1873]
present
 Confident No Edit
168
Byzantine Empire I
* Year Range of Byzantine Empire I is assumed.
[632, 866]
present
 Confident No Edit
169
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial
* Year Range of Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial is assumed.
[1734, 1883]
present
 Confident No Edit
170
Byzantine Empire II
* Year Range of Byzantine Empire II is assumed.
[867, 1072]
present
 Confident No Edit
171
Byzantine Empire III
* Year Range of Byzantine Empire III is assumed.
[1073, 1204]
present
 Confident No Edit
172
Rum Sultanate
* Year Range of Rum Sultanate is assumed.
[1077, 1307]
present
 Confident No Edit
173
Sakha - Early
* Year Range of Sakha - Early is assumed.
[1400, 1632]
present
 Confident No Edit
174
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II
* Year Range of Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II is assumed.
[-1500, -1400]
present
 Confident No Edit
175
Hatti - New Kingdom
* Year Range of Hatti - New Kingdom is assumed.
[-1400, -1180]
present
 Confident No Edit
176
Early Illinois Confederation
* Year Range of Early Illinois Confederation is assumed.
[1640, 1717]
present
 Confident No Edit
177
Chaco Canyon - Late Bonito phase
* Year Range of Chaco Canyon - Late Bonito phase is assumed.
[1101, 1140]
present
 Confident No Edit
178
Late Classic Tikal
* Year Range of Late Classic Tikal is assumed.
[555, 869]
present
 Confident No Edit
179
Tudor and Early Stuart England
* Year Range of Tudor and Early Stuart England is assumed.
[1486, 1689]
present
 Confident No Edit
180
Anglo-Saxon England II
* Year Range of Anglo-Saxon England II is assumed.
[927, 1065]
present
 Confident No Edit
181
Khwarezmid Empire
* Year Range of Khwarezmid Empire is assumed.
[1157, 1231]
present
 Confident No Edit
182
Oirats
* Year Range of Oirats is assumed.
[1368, 1630]
present
 Confident No Edit
183
Golden Horde
* Year Range of Golden Horde is assumed.
[1240, 1440]
present
 Confident No Edit
184
Saffarid Caliphate
* Year Range of Saffarid Caliphate is assumed.
[861, 1003]
present
 Confident No Edit
185
British Empire I
* Year Range of British Empire I is assumed.
[1690, 1849]
present
 Confident No Edit
186
Toltecs
* Year Range of Toltecs is assumed.
[900, 1199]
present
 Confident No Edit
187
Ostrogothic Kingdom
* Year Range of Ostrogothic Kingdom is assumed.
[489, 554]
present
 Confident No Edit
188
Papal States - Medieval Period I
* Year Range of Papal States - Medieval Period I is assumed.
[1527, 1648]
present
 Confident No Edit
189
Early Roman Republic
* Year Range of Early Roman Republic is assumed.
[-509, -264]
present
 Confident No Edit
190
Middle Roman Republic
* Year Range of Middle Roman Republic is assumed.
[-264, -133]
present
 Confident No Edit
191
Early United Mexican States
* Year Range of Early United Mexican States is assumed.
[1810, 1920]
present
 Confident No Edit
192
Aztec Empire
* Year Range of Aztec Empire is assumed.
[1427, 1526]
present
 Confident No Edit
193
Epiclassic Basin of Mexico
* Year Range of Epiclassic Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[650, 899]
present
 Confident No Edit
194
Early Formative Basin of Mexico
* Year Range of Early Formative Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[-1200, -801]
present
 Confident No Edit
195
Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico
* Year Range of Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[-100, 99]
present
 Confident No Edit
196
Tokugawa Shogunate
* Year Range of Tokugawa Shogunate is assumed.
[1603, 1868]
present
 Confident No Edit
197
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
* Year Range of Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early is assumed.
[1566, 1713]
present
 Confident No Edit
198
Antebellum US
* Year Range of Antebellum US is assumed.
[1776, 1865]
present
 Confident No Edit
199
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I
* Year Range of Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I is assumed.
[1454, 1648]
present
 Confident No Edit
200
Soviet Union
1923 CE 1991 CE
present
 Confident No Edit
201
Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period
* Year Range of Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period is assumed.
[854, 1193]
present
 Confident No Edit
202
Sind - Samma Dynasty
* Year Range of Sind - Samma Dynasty is assumed.
[1335, 1521]
present
 Confident No Edit
203
Egypt - Kushite Period
* Year Range of Egypt - Kushite Period is assumed.
[-747, -656]
present
 Confident No Edit
204
Ottoman Emirate
* Year Range of Ottoman Emirate is assumed.
[1299, 1402]
present
 Confident No Edit
205
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
* Year Range of Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late is assumed.
[1714, 1848]
present
 Confident No Edit
206
East Roman Empire
* Year Range of East Roman Empire is assumed.
[395, 631]
present
 Confident No Edit
207
Lysimachus Kingdom
* Year Range of Lysimachus Kingdom is assumed.
[-323, -281]
present
 Confident No Edit
208
Ottoman Empire II
* Year Range of Ottoman Empire II is assumed.
[1517, 1683]
present
 Confident No Edit
209
Sogdiana - City-States Period
* Year Range of Sogdiana - City-States Period is assumed.
[604, 711]
present
 Confident No Edit
210
Kidarite Kingdom
* Year Range of Kidarite Kingdom is assumed.
[388, 477]
present
 Confident No Edit
211
Kushan Empire
* Year Range of Kushan Empire is assumed.
[35, 319]
present
 Confident No Edit
212
Tocharians
* Year Range of Tocharians is assumed.
[-129, 29]
present
 Confident No Edit
213
Delhi Sultanate
* Year Range of Delhi Sultanate is assumed.
[1206, 1526]
present
 Confident No Edit
214
Roman Empire - Dominate
* Year Range of Roman Empire - Dominate is assumed.
[285, 394]
present
 Confident No Edit
215
Chagatai Khanate
* Year Range of Chagatai Khanate is assumed.
[1263, 1402]
present
 Confident No Edit
216
Great Ming
* Year Range of Great Ming is assumed.
[1368, 1644]
present
 Confident No Edit
217
Northern Song
* Year Range of Northern Song is assumed.
[960, 1127]
present
 Confident No Edit
218
Postpalatial Crete
* Year Range of Postpalatial Crete is assumed.
[-1300, -1200]
present
 Confident No Edit
219
Naqada II
* Year Range of Naqada II is assumed.
[-3550, -3300]
present
 Confident No Edit
220
Hawaii III
* Year Range of Hawaii III is assumed.
[1580, 1778]
present
 Confident No Edit
221
Hmong - Early Chinese
* Year Range of Hmong - Early Chinese is assumed.
[1895, 1941]
present
 Confident No Edit
222
Hatti - Old Kingdom
* Year Range of Hatti - Old Kingdom is assumed.
[-1650, -1500]
present
 Confident No Edit
223
Early Qing
* Year Range of Early Qing is assumed.
[1644, 1796]
present
 Confident No Edit
224
Egypt - Dynasty I
* Year Range of Egypt - Dynasty I is assumed.
[-3100, -2900]
present
 Confident No Edit
225
Egypt - Dynasty II
* Year Range of Egypt - Dynasty II is assumed.
[-2900, -2687]
present
 Confident No Edit
226
Iban - Pre-Brooke
* Year Range of Iban - Pre-Brooke is assumed.
[1650, 1841]
present
 Confident No Edit
227
Egypt - Saite Period
* Year Range of Egypt - Saite Period is assumed.
[-664, -525]
present
 Confident No Edit
228
Spanish Empire I
* Year Range of Spanish Empire I is assumed.
[1516, 1715]
present
 Confident No Edit
229
Majapahit Kingdom
* Year Range of Majapahit Kingdom is assumed.
[1292, 1518]
present
 Confident No Edit
230
Chalukyas of Badami
* Year Range of Chalukyas of Badami is assumed.
[543, 753]
present
 Confident No Edit
231
Archaic Crete
* Year Range of Archaic Crete is assumed.
[-710, -500]
present
 Confident No Edit
232
Ilkhanate
* Year Range of Ilkhanate is assumed.
[1256, 1339]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
233
Seleucids
* Year Range of Seleucids is assumed.
[-312, -63]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
234
Buyid Confederation
* Year Range of Buyid Confederation is assumed.
[932, 1062]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
235
Ak Koyunlu
* Year Range of Ak Koyunlu is assumed.
[1339, 1501]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
236
Vijayanagara Empire
* Year Range of Vijayanagara Empire is assumed.
[1336, 1646]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
237
La Tene A-B1
* Year Range of La Tene A-B1 is assumed.
[-475, -325]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
238
Monte Alban IIIB and IV
* Year Range of Monte Alban IIIB and IV is assumed.
[500, 900]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
239
Parthian Empire I
* Year Range of Parthian Empire I is assumed.
[-247, 40]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
240
Parthian Empire II
* Year Range of Parthian Empire II is assumed.
[41, 226]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
241
Kampili Kingdom
* Year Range of Kampili Kingdom is assumed.
[1280, 1327]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
242
Monte Alban II
* Year Range of Monte Alban II is assumed.
[-100, 200]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
243
Hallstatt D
* Year Range of Hallstatt D is assumed.
[-600, -475]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
244
Kansai - Kofun Period
* Year Range of Kansai - Kofun Period is assumed.
[250, 537]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
245
Monte Alban III
* Year Range of Monte Alban III is assumed.
[200, 500]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
246
Samanid Empire
* Year Range of Samanid Empire is assumed.
[819, 999]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
247
Pre-Ceramic Period
* Year Range of Pre-Ceramic Period is assumed.
[-7800, -7200]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
248
Sasanid Empire I
* Year Range of Sasanid Empire I is assumed.
[205, 487]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
249
Sasanid Empire II
* Year Range of Sasanid Empire II is assumed.
[488, 642]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
250
Seljuk Sultanate
* Year Range of Seljuk Sultanate is assumed.
[1037, 1157]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
251
Warring States Japan
* Year Range of Warring States Japan is assumed.
[1467, 1568]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
252
Asuka
* Year Range of Asuka is assumed.
[538, 710]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
253
Early Merovingian
* Year Range of Early Merovingian is assumed.
[481, 543]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
254
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic
* Year Range of Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic is assumed.
[-7500, -5500]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
255
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period
* Year Range of Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period is assumed.
[-3200, -2500]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
256
Bamana kingdom
* Year Range of Bamana kingdom is assumed.
[1712, 1861]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
257
Uigur Khaganate
* Year Range of Uigur Khaganate is assumed.
[745, 840]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
258
Kara-Khanids
* Year Range of Kara-Khanids is assumed.
[950, 1212]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
259
Prepalatial Crete
* Year Range of Prepalatial Crete is assumed.
[-3000, -1900]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
260
Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic
* Year Range of Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic is assumed.
[-5500, -3000]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
261
Timurid Empire
* Year Range of Timurid Empire is assumed.
[1370, 1526]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
262
Proto-Carolingian
* Year Range of Proto-Carolingian is assumed.
[687, 751]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
263
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty
* Year Range of Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty is assumed.
[1493, 1591]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
264
Early Monte Alban I
* Year Range of Early Monte Alban I is assumed.
[-500, -300]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
265
Second Turk Khaganate
* Year Range of Second Turk Khaganate is assumed.
[682, 744]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
266
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas
* Year Range of Oaxaca - Tierras Largas is assumed.
[-1400, -1150]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
267
Cuzco - Early Intermediate II
* Year Range of Cuzco - Early Intermediate II is assumed.
[500, 649]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
268
Cuzco - Late Formative
* Year Range of Cuzco - Late Formative is assumed.
[-500, 200]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
269
Final Postpalatial Crete
* Year Range of Final Postpalatial Crete is assumed.
[-1200, -1000]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
270
La Tene B2-C1
* Year Range of La Tene B2-C1 is assumed.
[-325, -175]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
271
La Tene C2-D
* Year Range of La Tene C2-D is assumed.
[-175, -27]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
272
Hoysala Kingdom
* Year Range of Hoysala Kingdom is assumed.
[1108, 1346]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
273
Konya Plain - Late Neolithic
* Year Range of Konya Plain - Late Neolithic is assumed.
[-6600, -6000]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
274
Beaker Culture
* Year Range of Beaker Culture is assumed.
[-3200, -2000]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
275
Atlantic Complex
* Year Range of Atlantic Complex is assumed.
[-2200, -1000]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
276
Kansai - Yayoi Period
* Year Range of Kansai - Yayoi Period is assumed.
[-300, 250]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
277
Khanate of Bukhara
* Year Range of Khanate of Bukhara is assumed.
[1599, 1747]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
278
Oaxaca - Rosario
* Year Range of Oaxaca - Rosario is assumed.
[-700, -500]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
279
Durrani Empire
* Year Range of Durrani Empire is assumed.
[1747, 1826]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
280
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
* Year Range of Greco-Bactrian Kingdom is assumed.
[-256, -125]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
281
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
* Year Range of Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic is assumed.
[-5500, -4000]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
282
Cuzco - Early Intermediate I
* Year Range of Cuzco - Early Intermediate I is assumed.
[200, 499]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
283
Khitan I
* Year Range of Khitan I is assumed.
[907, 1125]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
284
Deccan - Iron Age
* Year Range of Deccan - Iron Age is assumed.
[-1200, -300]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
285
Hallstatt C
* Year Range of Hallstatt C is assumed.
[-700, -600]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
286
Ashikaga Shogunate
* Year Range of Ashikaga Shogunate is assumed.
[1336, 1467]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
287
Neguanje
* Year Range of Neguanje is assumed.
[250, 1050]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
288
Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period
* Year Range of Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period is assumed.
[1778, 1819]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
289
Cuzco - Late Intermediate II
* Year Range of Cuzco - Late Intermediate II is assumed.
[1250, 1400]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
290
Ancient Khwarazm
* Year Range of Ancient Khwarazm is assumed.
[-1000, -521]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
291
Khmer Kingdom
* Year Range of Khmer Kingdom is assumed.
[1432, 1594]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
292
Hallstatt B2-3
* Year Range of Hallstatt B2-3 is assumed.
[-900, -700]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
293
Hallstatt A-B1
* Year Range of Hallstatt A-B1 is assumed.
[-1000, -900]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
294
Middle Merovingian
* Year Range of Middle Merovingian is assumed.
[543, 687]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
295
Monte Alban Late I
* Year Range of Monte Alban Late I is assumed.
[-300, -100]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
296
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic
* Year Range of Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic is assumed.
[-4000, -3200]
unknown
 Suspected No Edit
297
Yisrael
* Year Range of Yisrael is assumed.
[-1030, -722]
unknown
 Confident No Edit
298
Yehuda
* Year Range of Yehuda is assumed.
[-141, -63]
unknown
 Confident No Edit
299
Kamakura Shogunate
* Year Range of Kamakura Shogunate is assumed.
[1185, 1333]
unknown
 Confident No Edit
300
Nara Kingdom
* Year Range of Nara Kingdom is assumed.
[710, 794]
unknown
 Confident No Edit
301
Phoenician Empire
* Year Range of Phoenician Empire is assumed.
[-1200, -332]
unknown
 Confident No Edit
302
Heian
* Year Range of Heian is assumed.
[794, 1185]
unknown
 Confident No Edit