Section: Fortifications
Variable: Long Wall (All coded records)
in km. These are fortifications that were used not to protect a specific city or town, but a large territory. Examples include the Great Wall of China. Provide an estimate in km of the extent of the longest of such fortification systems. If not present, enter '0'. Very large circular walls protecting a settlement are not long walls - long walls are fairly linear and protect whole areas from incursions. If a polity inherits a stone wall from a previous one and continues to use and repair it, then we should probably code it as present.  
Long Wall
#  Polity  Coded Value Tags Year(s) Edit Desc
1 Northern Wei 1,073 km Confident Expert 423 CE
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2 Northern Wei 681 km Confident Expert 446 CE
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3 Kushan Empire 60 km Confident Expert -
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4 Eastern Han Empire 7,200 km Confident Uncertain Expert -
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5 Erligang absent Confident Expert -
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6 Erlitou absent Confident Expert -
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7 Hmong - Early Chinese unknown Suspected Expert -
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8 Hmong - Late Qing absent Confident Expert -
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9 Jin absent Confident Expert -
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10 Longshan absent Confident Expert -
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11 Jin Dynasty [1,700 to 5,000] km Confident Expert -
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12 Great Ming [6,259 to 6,700] km Confident Expert -
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13 Northern Song absent Confident Expert -
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14 Peiligang 0 km Inferred Expert -
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15 Early Qing [6,259 to 6,700] km Confident Expert -
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16 Late Qing [6,259 to 6,700] km Confident Expert -
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17 Late Shang absent Confident Expert -
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18 Sui Dynasty 2,414 km Confident Expert -
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19 Tang Dynasty I 48 km Confident Expert -
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20 Tang Dynasty II 48 km Confident Expert -
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21 Western Han Empire 7,200 km Confident Uncertain Expert -
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22 Western Zhou absent Confident Expert -
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23 Early Wei Dynasty absent Confident Expert -
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24 Yangshao absent Confident Expert -
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25 Great Yuan unknown Suspected Expert -
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26 Neguanje absent Confident Expert -
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27 Tairona absent Confident Expert -
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28 Shuar - Colonial absent Confident Expert -
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29 Shuar - Ecuadorian absent Confident Expert -
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30 Badarian absent Confident Expert -
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31 Egypt - Dynasty I absent Confident Expert -
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32 Egypt - Dynasty II absent Confident Expert -
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33 Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period absent Confident Expert -
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34 Egypt - Middle Kingdom absent Confident Expert -
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35 Naqada I absent Confident Expert -
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36 Naqada II unknown Suspected Expert -
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37 Egypt - Dynasty 0 absent Confident Expert -
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38 Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom absent Confident Expert -
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39 Egypt - Late Old Kingdom absent Confident Expert -
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40 Ptolemaic Kingdom I absent Confident Expert -
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41 Ptolemaic Kingdom II absent Confident Expert -
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42 Egypt - Period of the Regions absent Confident Expert -
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43 Egypt - Saite Period absent Confident Expert -
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44 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period absent Confident Expert -
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45 Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period absent Confident Expert -
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46 Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period absent Confident Expert -
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47 Spanish Empire I absent Confident Expert -
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48 Chuuk - Early Truk absent Confident Expert -
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49 Chuuk - Late Truk absent Confident Expert -
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50 Atlantic Complex absent Confident Expert -
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51 Beaker Culture absent Confident Expert -
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52 French Kingdom - Early Bourbon absent Confident Expert -
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53 French Kingdom - Late Bourbon absent Confident Expert -
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54 Proto-French Kingdom absent Confident Expert -
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55 French Kingdom - Late Capetian absent Confident Expert -
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56 Carolingian Empire I absent Confident Expert -
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57 Carolingian Empire II absent Confident Expert -
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58 Hallstatt A-B1 absent Confident Expert -
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59 Hallstatt B2-3 absent Confident Expert -
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60 Hallstatt C absent Confident Expert -
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61 Hallstatt D absent Confident Expert -
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62 Early Merovingian unknown Suspected Expert -
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63 Proto-Carolingian unknown Suspected Expert -
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64 Middle Merovingian unknown Suspected Expert -
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65 La Tene A-B1 absent Confident Expert -
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66 La Tene B2-C1 absent Confident Expert -
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67 La Tene C2-D absent Confident Expert -
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68 French Kingdom - Early Valois absent Confident Expert -
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69 French Kingdom - Late Valois absent Confident Expert -
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70 Akan - Pre-Ashanti absent Confident Expert -
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71 Ashanti Empire absent Confident Expert -
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72 Archaic Crete absent Confident Expert -
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73 Classical Crete absent Confident Expert -
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74 The Emirate of Crete absent Confident Expert -
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75 Final Postpalatial Crete absent Confident Expert -
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76 Geometric Crete absent Confident Expert -
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77 Hellenistic Crete absent Confident Expert -
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78 Monopalatial Crete absent Confident Expert -
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79 New Palace Crete absent Confident Expert -
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80 Neolithic Crete absent Confident Expert -
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81 Old Palace Crete absent Confident Expert -
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82 Postpalatial Crete absent Confident Expert -
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83 Prepalatial Crete absent Confident Expert -
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84 Hawaii I absent Confident Expert -
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85 Hawaii II absent Confident Expert -
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86 Hawaii III absent Confident Expert -
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87 Iban - Pre-Brooke absent Confident Expert -
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88 Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial absent Confident Expert -
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89 Majapahit Kingdom absent Confident Expert -
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90 Canaan absent Confident Expert -
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91 Yehuda absent Confident Expert -
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92 Yisrael absent Confident Expert -
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93 Delhi Sultanate absent Confident Expert -
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94 Neolithic Middle Ganga unknown Suspected Expert -
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95 Early A'chik absent Confident Expert -
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96 Late A'chik absent Confident Expert -
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97 Mahajanapada era absent Confident Expert -
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98 Magadha - Maurya Empire absent Confident Expert -
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99 Akkadian Empire unknown Suspected Expert -
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100 Neo-Assyrian Empire absent Confident Expert -
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101 Neo-Babylonian Empire 43 km Confident Expert -
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102 Southern Mesopotamia Neolithic absent Confident Expert -
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103 Ubaid absent Confident Expert -
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104 Ur - Dynasty III [190 to 300] km Confident Expert -
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105 Achaemenid Empire 60 km Confident Expert -
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106 Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar absent Confident Expert -
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107 Elam - Awan Dynasty I unknown Suspected Expert -
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108 Elam - Crisis Period absent Confident Expert -
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109 Formative Period absent Confident Expert -
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110 Susiana A unknown Suspected Expert -
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111 Susiana B unknown Suspected Expert -
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112 Susiana - Late Ubaid unknown Suspected Expert -
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113 Susiana - Early Ubaid unknown Suspected Expert -
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114 Elam - Kidinuid Period absent Confident Expert -
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115 Elam - Igihalkid Period absent Confident Expert -
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116 Elam - Shutrukid Period absent Confident Expert -
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117 Elam I absent Confident Expert -
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118 Elam II absent Confident Expert -
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119 Elam III absent Confident Expert -
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120 Pre-Ceramic Period absent Confident Expert -
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121 Sasanid Empire I 195 km Confident Expert -
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122 Sasanid Empire II 195 km Confident Expert -
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123 Elam - Shimashki Period absent Confident Expert -
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124 Elam - Early Sukkalmah absent Confident Expert -
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125 Elam - Late Sukkalmah absent Confident Expert -
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126 Susa I unknown Suspected Expert -
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127 Susa II unknown Suspected Expert -
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128 Susa III unknown Suspected Expert -
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129 Icelandic Commonwealth absent Confident Expert -
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130 Latium - Bronze Age absent Confident Expert -
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131 Latium - Copper Age absent Confident Expert -
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132 Latium - Iron Age absent Confident Expert -
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133 Ostrogothic Kingdom 85 km Confident Expert -
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134 Rome - Republic of St Peter II 50 km Confident Uncertain Expert -
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135 Rome - Republic of St Peter II 85 km Confident Uncertain Expert -
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136 Papal States - High Medieval Period 50 km Confident Uncertain Expert -
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137 Papal States - High Medieval Period 85 km Confident Uncertain Expert -
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138 Early Roman Republic absent Confident Expert -
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139 Middle Roman Republic absent Confident Expert -
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140 Roman Empire - Principate 119 km Confident Expert -
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141 Roman Kingdom absent Confident Expert -
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142 Ashikaga Shogunate unknown Suspected Expert -
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143 Asuka absent Confident Expert -
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144 Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama unknown Suspected Expert -
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145 Heian unknown Suspected Expert -
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146 Japan - Incipient Jomon absent Confident Expert -
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147 Japan - Initial Jomon absent Confident Expert -
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148 Japan - Early Jomon absent Confident Expert -
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149 Japan - Middle Jomon absent Confident Expert -
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150 Japan - Late Jomon absent Confident Expert -
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151 Japan - Final Jomon absent Confident Expert -
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152 Kamakura Shogunate 20 km Confident Expert -
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153 Kansai - Kofun Period absent Confident Expert -
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154 Nara Kingdom unknown Suspected Expert -
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155 Warring States Japan unknown Suspected Expert -
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156 Tokugawa Shogunate unknown Suspected Expert -
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157 Kansai - Yayoi Period absent Confident Expert -
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158 Western Turk Khaganate absent Confident Expert -
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159 Classical Angkor 12 km Confident Expert -
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160 Early Angkor 12 km Confident Expert -
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161 Late Angkor 12 km Confident Expert -
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162 Khmer Kingdom unknown Suspected Expert -
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163 Funan I 8 km Confident Expert -
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164 Funan II 8 km Confident Expert -
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165 Bronze Age Cambodia unknown Suspected Expert -
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166 Bronze Age Cambodia unknown Suspected Expert -
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167 Andronovo absent Confident Expert -
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168 Phoenician Empire absent Confident Expert -
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169 Jenne-jeno I 0 km Inferred Expert -
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170 Jenne-jeno III unknown Suspected Expert -
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171 Jenne-jeno IV unknown Suspected Expert -
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172 Eastern Turk Khaganate unknown Suspected Expert -
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173 Khitan I unknown Suspected Expert -
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174 Mongol Empire unknown Suspected Expert -
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175 Late Mongols unknown Suspected Expert -
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176 Rouran Khaganate unknown Suspected Expert -
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177 Shiwei absent Confident Expert -
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178 Second Turk Khaganate absent Confident Expert -
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179 Uigur Khaganate unknown Suspected Expert -
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180 Xianbei Confederation unknown Suspected Expert -
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181 Early Xiongnu unknown Suspected Expert -
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182 Late Xiongnu unknown Suspected Expert -
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183 Xiongnu Imperial Confederation unknown Suspected Expert -
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184 Zungharian Empire unknown Suspected Expert -
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185 Middle Wagadu Empire unknown Suspected Expert -
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186 Early Monte Alban I unknown Suspected Expert -
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187 Monte Alban Late I unknown Suspected Expert -
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188 Monte Alban II unknown Suspected Expert -
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189 Monte Alban III unknown Suspected Expert -
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190 Monte Alban IIIB and IV unknown Suspected Expert -
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191 Archaic Basin of Mexico absent Confident Expert -
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192 Aztec Empire absent Confident Expert -
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193 Classic Basin of Mexico absent Confident Expert -
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194 Late Formative Basin of Mexico absent Confident Expert -
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195 Middle Formative Basin of Mexico absent Confident Expert -
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196 Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico absent Confident Expert -
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197 Initial Formative Basin of Mexico absent Confident Expert -
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198 Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico absent Confident Expert -
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199 Oaxaca - Rosario unknown Suspected Expert -
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200 Oaxaca - San Jose unknown Suspected Expert -
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201 Oaxaca - Tierras Largas unknown Suspected Expert -
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202 Kingdom of Norway II absent Confident Expert -
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203 Cuzco - Early Intermediate I absent Confident Expert -
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204 Cuzco - Early Intermediate II absent Confident Expert -
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205 Cuzco - Late Intermediate I absent Confident Expert -
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206 Cuzco - Late Intermediate II absent Confident Expert -
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207 Cuzco - Late Formative absent Confident Expert -
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208 Inca Empire absent Confident Expert -
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209 Wari Empire absent Confident Expert -
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210 Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial absent Confident Expert -
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211 Orokaiva - Colonial absent Confident Expert -
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212 Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic absent Confident Expert -
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213 Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic absent Confident Expert -
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214 Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic absent Confident Expert -
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215 Indo-Greek Kingdom absent Confident Expert -
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216 Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period absent Confident Expert -
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217 Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period absent Confident Expert -
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218 Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period absent Confident Expert -
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219 Sind - Samma Dynasty absent Confident Expert -
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220 Kachi Plain - Urban Period I absent Confident Expert -
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221 Kachi Plain - Urban Period II absent Confident Expert -
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222 Sakha - Early absent Confident Expert -
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223 Sakha - Late absent Confident Expert -
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224 Egypt - Kushite Period absent Confident Expert -
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225 Ayutthaya unknown Suspected Expert -
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226 Rattanakosin unknown Suspected Expert -
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227 Sarazm unknown Suspected Expert -
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228 Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age unknown Suspected Expert -
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229 Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II unknown Suspected Expert -
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230 Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia unknown Suspected Expert -
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231 Byzantine Empire I 56 km Confident Expert -
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232 Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic unknown Suspected Expert -
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233 Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic unknown Suspected Expert -
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234 East Roman Empire 56 km Confident Expert -
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235 Hatti - New Kingdom unknown Suspected Expert -
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236 Hatti - Old Kingdom unknown Suspected Expert -
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237 Kingdom of Lydia unknown Suspected Expert -
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238 Durrani Empire absent Confident Expert -
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239 Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic unknown Suspected Expert -
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240 Konya Plain - Early Neolithic unknown Suspected Expert -
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241 Konya Plain - Late Neolithic unknown Suspected Expert -
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242 Phrygian Kingdom 7 km Confident Expert -
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243 Roman Empire - Dominate absent Confident Expert -
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244 Rum Sultanate absent Confident Expert -
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245 Tabal Kingdoms unknown Suspected Expert -
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246 Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling absent Confident Expert -
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247 Cahokia - Moorehead absent Confident Expert -
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248 Early Illinois Confederation absent Confident Expert -
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249 Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period absent Confident Expert -
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250 Cahokia - Early Woodland absent Confident Expert -
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251 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II absent Confident Expert -
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252 Cahokia - Middle Woodland absent Confident Expert -
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253 Cahokia - Late Woodland II absent Confident Expert -
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254 Cahokia - Late Woodland III absent Confident Expert -
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255 Cahokia - Late Woodland I absent Confident Expert -
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256 Cahokia - Sand Prairie absent Confident Expert -
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257 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I absent Confident Expert -
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258 Oneota absent Confident Expert -
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259 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early absent Confident Expert -
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260 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late absent Confident Expert -
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261 Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy 0 km Inferred Expert -
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262 Chagatai Khanate unknown Suspected Expert -
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263 Himyar I absent Confident Expert -
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264 Yemen - Late Bronze Age absent Confident Expert -
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265 Neolithic Yemen unknown Suspected Expert -
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266 Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty absent Confident Expert -
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267 Rasulid Dynasty unknown Suspected Expert -
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268 Sabaean Commonwealth absent Confident Expert -
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269 Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty unknown Suspected Expert -
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270 Yemen - Era of Warlords unknown Suspected Expert -
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271 Yemen Ziyad Dynasty unknown Suspected Expert -
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272 Neo-Hittite Kingdoms unknown Suspected Expert -
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273 Ghur Principality absent Confident Expert -
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