Section: Fortifications
Variable: Long Wall (All coded records)
in km. These are fortifications that were used not to protect a specific city or town, but a large territory. Examples include the Great Wall of China. Provide an estimate in km of the extent of the longest of such fortification systems. If not present, enter '0'. Very large circular walls protecting a settlement are not long walls - long walls are fairly linear and protect whole areas from incursions. If a polity inherits a stone wall from a previous one and continues to use and repair it, then we should probably code it as present.  
Long Wall
#  Polity  Coded Value Tags Year(s) Edit Desc
1 Northern Wei 1,073 km Confident 423 CE
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2 Northern Wei 681 km Confident 446 CE
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3 Kushan Empire 60 km Confident 35 CE 319 CE
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4 Eastern Han Empire 7,200 km Confident Uncertain 25 CE 220 CE
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5 Erligang absent Confident 1650 BCE 1250 BCE
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6 Erlitou absent Confident 1850 BCE 1600 BCE
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7 Hmong - Early Chinese unknown Suspected 1895 CE 1941 CE
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8 Hmong - Late Qing absent Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
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9 Jin absent Confident 780 BCE 404 BCE
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10 Longshan absent Confident 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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11 Jin Dynasty [1,700 to 5,000] km Confident 1115 CE 1234 CE
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12 Great Ming [6,259 to 6,700] km Confident 1368 CE 1644 CE
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13 Northern Song absent Confident 960 CE 1127 CE
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14 Peiligang 0 km Inferred 7000 BCE 5001 BCE
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15 Early Qing [6,259 to 6,700] km Confident 1644 CE 1796 CE
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16 Late Qing [6,259 to 6,700] km Confident 1796 CE 1912 CE
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17 Late Shang absent Confident 1250 BCE 1045 BCE
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18 Sui Dynasty 2,414 km Confident 581 CE 618 CE
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19 Tang Dynasty I 48 km Confident 617 CE 763 CE
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20 Tang Dynasty II 48 km Confident 763 CE 907 CE
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21 Western Han Empire 7,200 km Confident Uncertain 202 BCE 9 CE
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22 Western Zhou absent Confident 1122 BCE 771 BCE
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23 Early Wei Dynasty absent Confident 445 BCE 225 BCE
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24 Yangshao absent Confident 5000 BCE 3000 BCE
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25 Great Yuan unknown Suspected 1271 CE 1368 CE
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26 Neguanje absent Confident 250 CE 1050 CE
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27 Tairona absent Confident 1050 CE 1524 CE
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28 Shuar - Colonial absent Confident 1534 CE 1830 CE
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29 Shuar - Ecuadorian absent Confident 1831 CE 1931 CE
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30 Badarian absent Confident 4400 BCE 3800 BCE
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31 Egypt - Dynasty I absent Confident 3100 BCE 2900 BCE
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32 Egypt - Dynasty II absent Confident 2900 BCE 2687 BCE
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33 Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period absent Confident 404 BCE 342 BCE
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34 Egypt - Middle Kingdom absent Confident 2016 BCE 1700 BCE
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35 Naqada I absent Confident 3800 BCE 3550 BCE
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36 Naqada II unknown Suspected 3550 BCE 3300 BCE
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37 Egypt - Dynasty 0 absent Confident 3300 BCE 3100 BCE
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38 Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom absent Confident 2650 BCE 2350 BCE
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39 Egypt - Late Old Kingdom absent Confident 2350 BCE 2150 BCE
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40 Ptolemaic Kingdom I absent Confident 305 BCE 217 BCE
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41 Ptolemaic Kingdom II absent Confident 217 BCE 30 BCE
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42 Egypt - Period of the Regions absent Confident 2150 BCE 2016 BCE
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43 Egypt - Saite Period absent Confident 664 BCE 525 BCE
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44 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period absent Confident 1720 BCE 1567 BCE
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45 Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period absent Confident 1069 BCE 747 BCE
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46 Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period absent Confident 868 CE 969 CE
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47 Spanish Empire I absent Confident 1516 CE 1715 CE
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48 Chuuk - Early Truk absent Confident 1775 CE 1886 CE
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49 Chuuk - Late Truk absent Confident 1886 CE 1948 CE
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50 Atlantic Complex absent Confident 2200 BCE 1000 BCE
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51 Beaker Culture absent Confident 3200 BCE 2000 BCE
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52 French Kingdom - Early Bourbon absent Confident 1589 CE 1660 CE
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53 French Kingdom - Late Bourbon absent Confident 1660 CE 1815 CE
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54 Proto-French Kingdom absent Confident 987 CE 1150 CE
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55 French Kingdom - Late Capetian absent Confident 1150 CE 1328 CE
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56 Carolingian Empire I absent Confident 752 CE 840 CE
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57 Carolingian Empire II absent Confident 840 CE 987 CE
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58 Hallstatt A-B1 absent Confident 1000 BCE 900 BCE
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59 Hallstatt B2-3 absent Confident 900 BCE 700 BCE
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60 Hallstatt C absent Confident 700 BCE 600 BCE
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61 Hallstatt D absent Confident 600 BCE 475 BCE
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62 Early Merovingian unknown Suspected 481 CE 543 CE
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63 Proto-Carolingian unknown Suspected 687 CE 751 CE
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64 Middle Merovingian unknown Suspected 543 CE 687 CE
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65 La Tene A-B1 absent Confident 475 BCE 325 BCE
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66 La Tene B2-C1 absent Confident 325 BCE 175 BCE
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67 La Tene C2-D absent Confident 175 BCE 27 BCE
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68 French Kingdom - Early Valois absent Confident 1328 CE 1450 CE
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69 French Kingdom - Late Valois absent Confident 1450 CE 1589 CE
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70 Akan - Pre-Ashanti absent Confident 1501 CE 1701 CE
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71 Ashanti Empire absent Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
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72 Archaic Crete absent Confident 710 BCE 500 BCE
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73 Classical Crete absent Confident 500 BCE 323 BCE
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74 The Emirate of Crete absent Confident 824 CE 961 CE
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75 Final Postpalatial Crete absent Confident 1200 BCE 1000 BCE
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76 Geometric Crete absent Confident 1000 BCE 710 BCE
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77 Hellenistic Crete absent Confident 323 BCE 69 BCE
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78 Monopalatial Crete absent Confident 1450 BCE 1300 BCE
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79 New Palace Crete absent Confident 1700 BCE 1450 BCE
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80 Neolithic Crete absent Confident 7000 BCE 3000 BCE
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81 Old Palace Crete absent Confident 1900 BCE 1700 BCE
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82 Postpalatial Crete absent Confident 1300 BCE 1200 BCE
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83 Prepalatial Crete absent Confident 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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84 Hawaii I absent Confident 1000 CE 1200 CE
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85 Hawaii II absent Confident 1200 CE 1580 CE
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86 Hawaii III absent Confident 1580 CE 1778 CE
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87 Iban - Pre-Brooke absent Confident 1650 CE 1841 CE
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88 Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial absent Confident 1841 CE 1987 CE
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89 Majapahit Kingdom absent Confident 1292 CE 1518 CE
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90 Canaan absent Confident 2000 BCE 1175 BCE
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91 Yehuda absent Confident 141 BCE 63 BCE
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92 Yisrael absent Confident 1030 BCE 722 BCE
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93 Delhi Sultanate absent Confident 1206 CE 1526 CE
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94 Neolithic Middle Ganga unknown Suspected 7000 BCE 3001 BCE
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95 Early A'chik absent Confident 1775 CE 1867 CE
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96 Late A'chik absent Confident 1867 CE 1956 CE
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97 Mahajanapada era absent Confident 600 BCE 324 BCE
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98 Magadha - Maurya Empire absent Confident 324 BCE 187 BCE
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99 Akkadian Empire unknown Suspected 2270 BCE 2083 BCE
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100 Neo-Assyrian Empire absent Confident 911 BCE 612 BCE
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101 Neo-Babylonian Empire 43 km Confident 626 BCE 539 BCE
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102 Southern Mesopotamia Neolithic absent Confident 9000 BCE 5501 BCE
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103 Ubaid absent Confident 5500 BCE 4201 BCE
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104 Ur - Dynasty III [190 to 300] km Confident 2112 BCE 2004 BCE
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105 Achaemenid Empire 60 km Confident 550 BCE 331 BCE
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106 Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar absent Confident 7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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107 Elam - Awan Dynasty I unknown Suspected 2675 BCE 2100 BCE
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108 Elam - Crisis Period absent Confident 1100 BCE 900 BCE
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109 Formative Period absent Confident 7200 BCE 7000 BCE
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110 Susiana A unknown Suspected 6000 BCE 5700 BCE
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111 Susiana B unknown Suspected 5700 BCE 5100 BCE
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112 Susiana - Late Ubaid unknown Suspected 4700 BCE 4300 BCE
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113 Susiana - Early Ubaid unknown Suspected 5100 BCE 4700 BCE
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114 Elam - Kidinuid Period absent Confident 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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115 Elam - Igihalkid Period absent Confident 1399 BCE 1200 BCE
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116 Elam - Shutrukid Period absent Confident 1199 BCE 1100 BCE
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117 Elam I absent Confident 900 BCE 744 BCE
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118 Elam II absent Confident 743 BCE 647 BCE
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119 Elam III absent Confident 612 BCE 539 BCE
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120 Pre-Ceramic Period absent Confident 7800 BCE 7200 BCE
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121 Sasanid Empire I 195 km Confident 205 CE 487 CE
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122 Sasanid Empire II 195 km Confident 488 CE 642 CE
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123 Elam - Shimashki Period absent Confident 2028 BCE 1940 BCE
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124 Elam - Early Sukkalmah absent Confident 1900 BCE 1701 BCE
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125 Elam - Late Sukkalmah absent Confident 1700 BCE 1500 BCE
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126 Susa I unknown Suspected 4300 BCE 3800 BCE
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127 Susa II unknown Suspected 3800 BCE 3100 BCE
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128 Susa III unknown Suspected 3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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129 Icelandic Commonwealth absent Confident 930 CE 1262 CE
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130 Latium - Bronze Age absent Confident 1800 BCE 900 BCE
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131 Latium - Copper Age absent Confident 3600 BCE 1800 BCE
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132 Latium - Iron Age absent Confident 1000 BCE 580 BCE
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133 Ostrogothic Kingdom 85 km Confident 489 CE 554 CE
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134 Rome - Republic of St Peter II 50 km Confident Uncertain 904 CE 1198 CE
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135 Rome - Republic of St Peter II 85 km Confident Uncertain 904 CE 1198 CE
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136 Papal States - High Medieval Period 50 km Confident Uncertain 1198 CE 1309 CE
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137 Papal States - High Medieval Period 85 km Confident Uncertain 1198 CE 1309 CE
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138 Early Roman Republic absent Confident 509 BCE 264 BCE
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139 Middle Roman Republic absent Confident 264 BCE 133 BCE
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140 Roman Empire - Principate 119 km Confident 31 BCE 284 CE
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141 Roman Kingdom absent Confident 716 BCE 509 BCE
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142 Ashikaga Shogunate unknown Suspected 1336 CE 1467 CE
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143 Asuka absent Confident 538 CE 710 CE
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144 Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama unknown Suspected 1568 CE 1603 CE
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145 Heian unknown Suspected 794 CE 1185 CE
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146 Japan - Incipient Jomon absent Confident 13600 BCE 9200 BCE
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147 Japan - Initial Jomon absent Confident 9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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148 Japan - Early Jomon absent Confident 5300 BCE 3500 BCE
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149 Japan - Middle Jomon absent Confident 3500 BCE 2500 BCE
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150 Japan - Late Jomon absent Confident 2500 BCE 1200 BCE
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151 Japan - Final Jomon absent Confident 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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152 Kamakura Shogunate 20 km Confident 1185 CE 1333 CE
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153 Kansai - Kofun Period absent Confident 250 CE 537 CE
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154 Nara Kingdom unknown Suspected 710 CE 794 CE
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155 Warring States Japan unknown Suspected 1467 CE 1568 CE
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156 Tokugawa Shogunate unknown Suspected 1603 CE 1868 CE
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157 Kansai - Yayoi Period absent Confident 300 BCE 250 CE
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158 Western Turk Khaganate absent Confident 582 CE 630 CE
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159 Classical Angkor 12 km Confident 1100 CE 1220 CE
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160 Early Angkor 12 km Confident 802 CE 1100 CE
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161 Late Angkor 12 km Confident 1220 CE 1432 CE
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162 Khmer Kingdom unknown Suspected 1432 CE 1594 CE
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163 Funan I 8 km Confident 225 CE 540 CE
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164 Funan II 8 km Confident 540 CE 640 CE
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165 Bronze Age Cambodia unknown Suspected 1200 BCE 501 BCE
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166 Bronze Age Cambodia unknown Suspected 500 BCE 224 CE
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167 Andronovo absent Confident 1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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168 Phoenician Empire absent Confident 1200 BCE 332 BCE
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169 Jenne-jeno I 0 km Inferred 250 BCE 49 CE
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170 Jenne-jeno III unknown Suspected 400 CE 899 CE
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171 Jenne-jeno IV unknown Suspected 900 CE 1300 CE
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172 Eastern Turk Khaganate unknown Suspected 583 CE 630 CE
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173 Khitan I unknown Suspected 907 CE 1125 CE
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174 Mongol Empire unknown Suspected 1206 CE 1368 CE
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175 Late Mongols unknown Suspected 1368 CE 1690 CE
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176 Rouran Khaganate unknown Suspected 300 CE 555 CE
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177 Shiwei absent Confident 600 CE 1000 CE
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178 Second Turk Khaganate absent Confident 682 CE 744 CE
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179 Uigur Khaganate unknown Suspected 745 CE 840 CE
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180 Xianbei Confederation unknown Suspected 100 CE 250 CE
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181 Early Xiongnu unknown Suspected 1400 BCE 300 BCE
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182 Late Xiongnu unknown Suspected 60 BCE 100 CE
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183 Xiongnu Imperial Confederation unknown Suspected 209 BCE 60 BCE
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184 Zungharian Empire unknown Suspected 1670 CE 1757 CE
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185 Middle Wagadu Empire unknown Suspected 700 CE 1077 CE
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186 Early Monte Alban I unknown Suspected 500 BCE 300 BCE
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187 Monte Alban Late I unknown Suspected 300 BCE 100 BCE
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188 Monte Alban II unknown Suspected 100 BCE 200 CE
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189 Monte Alban III unknown Suspected 200 CE 500 CE
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190 Monte Alban IIIB and IV unknown Suspected 500 CE 900 CE
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191 Archaic Basin of Mexico absent Confident 6000 BCE 2001 BCE
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192 Aztec Empire absent Confident 1427 CE 1526 CE
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193 Classic Basin of Mexico absent Confident 100 CE 649 CE
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194 Late Formative Basin of Mexico absent Confident 400 BCE 101 BCE
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195 Middle Formative Basin of Mexico absent Confident 800 BCE 401 BCE
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196 Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico absent Confident 100 BCE 99 CE
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197 Initial Formative Basin of Mexico absent Confident 2000 BCE 1201 BCE
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198 Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico absent Confident 1200 CE 1426 CE
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199 Oaxaca - Rosario unknown Suspected 700 BCE 500 BCE
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200 Oaxaca - San Jose unknown Suspected 1150 BCE 700 BCE
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201 Oaxaca - Tierras Largas unknown Suspected 1400 BCE 1150 BCE
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202 Kingdom of Norway II absent Confident 1262 CE 1396 CE
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203 Cuzco - Early Intermediate I absent Confident 200 CE 499 CE
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204 Cuzco - Early Intermediate II absent Confident 500 CE 649 CE
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205 Cuzco - Late Intermediate I absent Confident 1000 CE 1250 CE
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206 Cuzco - Late Intermediate II absent Confident 1250 CE 1400 CE
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207 Cuzco - Late Formative absent Confident 500 BCE 200 CE
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208 Inca Empire absent Confident 1375 CE 1532 CE
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209 Wari Empire absent Confident 650 CE 999 CE
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210 Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial absent Confident 1734 CE 1883 CE
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211 Orokaiva - Colonial absent Confident 1884 CE 1942 CE
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212 Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic absent Confident 7500 BCE 5500 BCE
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213 Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic absent Confident 5500 BCE 4000 BCE
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214 Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic absent Confident 4000 BCE 3200 BCE
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215 Indo-Greek Kingdom absent Confident 180 BCE 10 BCE
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216 Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period absent Confident 1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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217 Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period absent Confident 3200 BCE 2500 BCE
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218 Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period absent Confident 1300 BCE 500 BCE
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219 Sind - Samma Dynasty absent Confident 1335 CE 1521 CE
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220 Kachi Plain - Urban Period I absent Confident 2500 BCE 2100 BCE
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221 Kachi Plain - Urban Period II absent Confident 2100 BCE 1800 BCE
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222 Sakha - Early absent Confident 1400 CE 1632 CE
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223 Sakha - Late absent Confident 1632 CE 1900 CE
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224 Egypt - Kushite Period absent Confident 747 BCE 656 BCE
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225 Ayutthaya unknown Suspected 1593 CE 1767 CE
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226 Rattanakosin unknown Suspected 1782 CE 1873 CE
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227 Sarazm unknown Suspected 3500 BCE 2000 BCE
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228 Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age unknown Suspected 3000 BCE 2000 BCE
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229 Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II unknown Suspected 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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230 Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia unknown Suspected 2000 BCE 1700 BCE
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231 Byzantine Empire I 56 km Confident 632 CE 866 CE
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232 Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic unknown Suspected 6000 BCE 5500 BCE
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233 Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic unknown Suspected 5500 BCE 3000 BCE
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234 East Roman Empire 56 km Confident 395 CE 631 CE
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235 Hatti - New Kingdom unknown Suspected 1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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236 Hatti - Old Kingdom unknown Suspected 1650 BCE 1500 BCE
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237 Kingdom of Lydia unknown Suspected 670 BCE 546 BCE
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238 Durrani Empire absent Confident 1747 CE 1826 CE
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239 Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic unknown Suspected 7000 BCE 6600 BCE
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240 Konya Plain - Early Neolithic unknown Suspected 9600 BCE 7000 BCE
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241 Konya Plain - Late Neolithic unknown Suspected 6600 BCE 6000 BCE
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242 Phrygian Kingdom 7 km Confident 900 BCE 695 BCE
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243 Roman Empire - Dominate absent Confident 285 CE 394 CE
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244 Rum Sultanate absent Confident 1077 CE 1307 CE
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245 Tabal Kingdoms unknown Suspected 900 BCE 730 BCE
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246 Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling absent Confident 1055 CE 1199 CE
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247 Cahokia - Moorehead absent Confident 1200 CE 1275 CE
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248 Early Illinois Confederation absent Confident 1640 CE 1717 CE
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249 Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period absent Confident 1778 CE 1819 CE
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250 Cahokia - Early Woodland absent Confident 600 BCE 150 BCE
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251 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II absent Confident 900 CE 1049 CE
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252 Cahokia - Middle Woodland absent Confident 150 BCE 300 CE
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253 Cahokia - Late Woodland II absent Confident 450 CE 600 CE
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254 Cahokia - Late Woodland III absent Confident 600 CE 750 CE
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255 Cahokia - Late Woodland I absent Confident 300 CE 450 CE
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256 Cahokia - Sand Prairie absent Confident 1275 CE 1400 CE
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257 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I absent Confident 750 CE 900 CE
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258 Oneota absent Confident 1400 CE 1650 CE
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259 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early absent Confident 1566 CE 1713 CE
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260 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late absent Confident 1714 CE 1848 CE
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261 Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy 0 km Inferred 1300 CE 1565 CE
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262 Chagatai Khanate unknown Suspected 1263 CE 1402 CE
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263 Himyar I absent Confident 270 CE 340 CE
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264 Yemen - Late Bronze Age absent Confident 1200 BCE 801 BCE
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265 Neolithic Yemen unknown Suspected 3500 BCE 1201 BCE
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266 Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty absent Confident 1637 CE 1805 CE
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267 Rasulid Dynasty unknown Suspected 1229 CE 1453 CE
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268 Sabaean Commonwealth absent Confident 800 BCE 451 BCE
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269 Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty unknown Suspected 1454 CE 1517 CE
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270 Yemen - Era of Warlords unknown Suspected 1038 CE 1174 CE
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271 Yemen Ziyad Dynasty unknown Suspected 822 CE 1037 CE
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272 Neo-Hittite Kingdoms unknown Suspected 1180 BCE 900 BCE
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273 Ghur Principality absent Confident 1025 CE 1215 CE
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