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Section
: Information / Writing Systems
Variable:
Mnemonic Device
(All coded records)
{
JSON
}
.
CSV
Talking about Writing Systems, Mnemonic devices are: For example, tallies
Polity
(total: 243)
All
Durrani Empire (af_durrani_emp) [1747 CE to 1826 CE]
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (af_greco_bactrian_k) [256 BCE to 125 BCE]
Hephthalite Empire (af_hephthalite_emp) [408 CE to 561 CE]
Kushan Empire (af_kushan_emp) [35 CE to 319 CE]
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I (at_habsburg_1) [1454 CE to 1648 CE]
Chu Kingdom - Spring and Autumn Period (cn_chu_dyn_spring_autumn) [740 BCE to 489 BCE]
Chu Kingdom - Warring States Period (cn_chu_k_warring_states) [488 BCE to 223 BCE]
Eastern Han Empire (cn_eastern_han_dyn) [25 CE to 220 CE]
Eastern Zhou (cn_eastern_zhou_warring_states) [475 BCE to 256 BCE]
Erligang (cn_erligang) [1650 BCE to 1250 BCE]
Erlitou (cn_erlitou) [1850 BCE to 1600 BCE]
Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2) [1895 CE to 1941 CE]
Jin (cn_jin_spring_and_autumn) [780 BCE to 404 BCE]
Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin) [1115 CE to 1234 CE]
Longshan (cn_longshan) [3000 BCE to 1900 BCE]
Great Ming (cn_ming_dyn) [1368 CE to 1644 CE]
Northern Song (cn_northern_song_dyn) [960 CE to 1127 CE]
Northern Wei (cn_northern_wei_dyn) [386 CE to 534 CE]
Qin Empire (cn_qin_emp) [338 BCE to 207 BCE]
Early Qing (cn_qing_dyn_1) [1644 CE to 1796 CE]
Late Qing (cn_qing_dyn_2) [1796 CE to 1912 CE]
Sui Dynasty (cn_sui_dyn) [581 CE to 618 CE]
Tang Dynasty I (cn_tang_dyn_1) [617 CE to 763 CE]
Tang Dynasty II (cn_tang_dyn_2) [763 CE to 907 CE]
Early Wei Dynasty (cn_wei_dyn_warring_states) [445 BCE to 225 BCE]
Western Han Empire (cn_western_han_dyn) [202 BCE to 9 CE]
Western Jin (cn_western_jin_dyn) [265 CE to 317 CE]
Western Zhou (cn_western_zhou_dyn) [1122 BCE to 771 BCE]
Yangshao (cn_yangshao) [5000 BCE to 3000 BCE]
Great Yuan (cn_yuan_dyn) [1271 CE to 1368 CE]
Neguanje (co_neguanje) [250 CE to 1050 CE]
Tairona (co_tairona) [1050 CE to 1524 CE]
East Francia (de_east_francia) [842 CE to 919 CE]
Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty (de_empire_1) [919 CE to 1125 CE]
Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1) [1534 CE to 1830 CE]
Shuar - Ecuadorian (ec_shuar_2) [1831 CE to 1931 CE]
Ayyubid Sultanate (eg_ayyubid_sultanate) [1171 CE to 1250 CE]
Badarian (eg_badarian) [4400 BCE to 3800 BCE]
Egypt - Kushite Period (eg_kushite) [747 BCE to 656 BCE]
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I (eg_mamluk_sultanate_1) [1260 CE to 1348 CE]
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II (eg_mamluk_sultanate_2) [1348 CE to 1412 CE]
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III (eg_mamluk_sultanate_3) [1412 CE to 1517 CE]
Egypt - Middle Kingdom (eg_middle_k) [2016 BCE to 1700 BCE]
Naqada I (eg_naqada_1) [3800 BCE to 3550 BCE]
Naqada II (eg_naqada_2) [3550 BCE to 3300 BCE]
Egypt - Dynasty 0 (eg_naqada_3) [3300 BCE to 3100 BCE]
Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period (eg_new_k_1) [1550 BCE to 1293 BCE]
Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period (eg_new_k_2) [1293 BCE to 1070 BCE]
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom (eg_old_k_1) [2650 BCE to 2350 BCE]
Ptolemaic Kingdom I (eg_ptolemaic_k_1) [305 BCE to 217 BCE]
Ptolemaic Kingdom II (eg_ptolemaic_k_2) [217 BCE to 30 BCE]
Egypt - Period of the Regions (eg_regions) [2150 BCE to 2016 BCE]
Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period (eg_thebes_hyksos) [1720 BCE to 1567 BCE]
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period (eg_thebes_libyan) [1069 BCE to 747 BCE]
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period (eg_thulunid_ikhshidid) [868 CE to 969 CE]
Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1) [1775 CE to 1886 CE]
Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2) [1886 CE to 1948 CE]
Atlantic Complex (fr_atlantic_complex) [2200 BCE to 1000 BCE]
Beaker Culture (fr_beaker_eba) [3200 BCE to 2000 BCE]
Hallstatt A-B1 (fr_hallstatt_a_b1) [1000 BCE to 900 BCE]
Hallstatt B2-3 (fr_hallstatt_b2_3) [900 BCE to 700 BCE]
Hallstatt C (fr_hallstatt_c) [700 BCE to 600 BCE]
Hallstatt D (fr_hallstatt_d) [600 BCE to 475 BCE]
La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1) [325 BCE to 175 BCE]
La Tene C2-D (fr_la_tene_c2_d) [175 BCE to 27 BCE]
Early Merovingian (fr_merovingian_emp_1) [481 CE to 543 CE]
Middle Merovingian (fr_merovingian_emp_2) [543 CE to 687 CE]
Norman England (gb_england_norman) [1066 CE to 1153 CE]
Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet) [1154 CE to 1485 CE]
Akan - Pre-Ashanti (gh_akan) [1501 CE to 1701 CE]
Ashanti Empire (gh_ashanti_emp) [1701 CE to 1895 CE]
Final Postpalatial Crete (gr_crete_post_palace_2) [1200 BCE to 1000 BCE]
Prepalatial Crete (gr_crete_pre_palace) [3000 BCE to 1900 BCE]
Macedonian Empire (gr_macedonian_emp) [330 BCE to 312 BCE]
Iban - Pre-Brooke (id_iban_1) [1650 CE to 1841 CE]
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial (id_iban_2) [1841 CE to 1987 CE]
Kalingga Kingdom (id_kalingga_k) [500 CE to 732 CE]
Canaan (il_canaan) [2000 BCE to 1175 BCE]
Yehuda (il_judea) [141 BCE to 63 BCE]
Yisrael (il_yisrael) [1030 BCE to 722 BCE]
Early A'chik (in_achik_1) [1775 CE to 1867 CE]
Late A'chik (in_achik_2) [1867 CE to 1956 CE]
Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp) [543 CE to 753 CE]
Deccan - Iron Age (in_deccan_ia) [1200 BCE to 300 BCE]
Deccan - Neolithic (in_deccan_nl) [2700 BCE to 1200 BCE]
Chalukyas of Kalyani (in_kalyani_chalukya_emp) [973 CE to 1189 CE]
Mahajanapada era (in_mahajanapada) [600 BCE to 324 BCE]
Rashtrakuta Empire (in_rashtrakuta_emp) [753 CE to 973 CE]
Satavahana Empire (in_satavahana_emp) [100 BCE to 200 CE]
Abbasid Caliphate I (iq_abbasid_cal_1) [750 CE to 946 CE]
Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2) [1191 CE to 1258 CE]
Akkadian Empire (iq_akkad_emp) [2270 BCE to 2083 BCE]
Parthian Empire II (iq_parthian_emp_2) [41 CE to 226 CE]
Ubaid (iq_ubaid) [5500 BCE to 4201 BCE]
Achaemenid Empire (ir_achaemenid_emp) [550 BCE to 331 BCE]
Ak Koyunlu (ir_ak_koyunlu) [1339 CE to 1501 CE]
Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation) [932 CE to 1062 CE]
Elam - Awan Dynasty I (ir_elam_1) [2675 BCE to 2100 BCE]
Elam - Shimashki Period (ir_elam_2) [2028 BCE to 1940 BCE]
Elam - Early Sukkalmah (ir_elam_3) [1900 BCE to 1701 BCE]
Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4) [1700 BCE to 1500 BCE]
Elam - Kidinuid Period (ir_elam_5) [1500 BCE to 1400 BCE]
Elam - Igihalkid Period (ir_elam_6) [1399 BCE to 1200 BCE]
Elam - Shutrukid Period (ir_elam_7) [1199 BCE to 1100 BCE]
Ilkhanate (ir_il_khanate) [1256 CE to 1339 CE]
Elam II (ir_neo_elam_2) [743 BCE to 647 BCE]
Elam III (ir_neo_elam_3) [612 BCE to 539 BCE]
Parthian Empire I (ir_parthian_emp_1) [247 BCE to 40 CE]
Safavid Empire (ir_safavid_emp) [1501 CE to 1722 CE]
Saffarid Caliphate (ir_saffarid_emp) [861 CE to 1003 CE]
Sasanid Empire I (ir_sassanid_emp_1) [205 CE to 487 CE]
Sasanid Empire II (ir_sassanid_emp_2) [488 CE to 642 CE]
Seleucid Empire (ir_seleucid_emp) [312 BCE to 63 BCE]
Seljuk Sultanate (ir_seljuk_sultanate) [1037 CE to 1157 CE]
Susa II (ir_susa_2) [3800 BCE to 3100 BCE]
Susa III (ir_susa_3) [3100 BCE to 2675 BCE]
Pre-Ceramic Period (ir_susiana_pre_ceramic) [7800 BCE to 7200 BCE]
Icelandic Commonwealth (is_icelandic_commonwealth) [930 CE to 1262 CE]
Latium - Bronze Age (it_latium_ba) [1800 BCE to 900 BCE]
Latium - Copper Age (it_latium_ca) [3600 BCE to 1800 BCE]
Latium - Iron Age (it_latium_ia) [1000 BCE to 580 BCE]
Lombard Kingdom (it_lombard_k) [568 CE to 774 CE]
Papal States - High Medieval Period (it_papal_state_1) [1198 CE to 1309 CE]
Papal States - Renaissance Period (it_papal_state_2) [1378 CE to 1527 CE]
Papal States - Early Modern Period I (it_papal_state_3) [1527 CE to 1648 CE]
Papal States - Early Modern Period II (it_papal_state_4) [1648 CE to 1809 CE]
Roman Kingdom (it_roman_k) [716 BCE to 509 BCE]
Early Roman Republic (it_roman_rep_1) [509 BCE to 264 BCE]
Kingdom of Sicily - Hohenstaufen and Angevin dynasties (it_sicily_k_2) [1194 CE to 1281 CE]
Republic of St Peter I (it_st_peter_rep_1) [752 CE to 904 CE]
Rome - Republic of St Peter II (it_st_peter_rep_2) [904 CE to 1198 CE]
Ashikaga Shogunate (jp_ashikaga) [1336 CE to 1467 CE]
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama (jp_azuchi_momoyama) [1568 CE to 1603 CE]
Heian (jp_heian) [794 CE to 1185 CE]
Japan - Middle Jomon (jp_jomon_4) [3500 BCE to 2500 BCE]
Kamakura Shogunate (jp_kamakura) [1185 CE to 1333 CE]
Kansai - Kofun Period (jp_kofun) [250 CE to 537 CE]
Nara Kingdom (jp_nara) [710 CE to 794 CE]
Warring States Japan (jp_sengoku_jidai) [1467 CE to 1568 CE]
Tokugawa Shogunate (jp_tokugawa_shogunate) [1603 CE to 1868 CE]
Kansai - Yayoi Period (jp_yayoi) [300 BCE to 250 CE]
Kara-Khanids (kg_kara_khanid_dyn) [950 CE to 1212 CE]
Early Angkor (kh_angkor_1) [802 CE to 1100 CE]
Classical Angkor (kh_angkor_2) [1100 CE to 1220 CE]
Late Angkor (kh_angkor_3) [1220 CE to 1432 CE]
Khmer Kingdom (kh_khmer_k) [1432 CE to 1594 CE]
Phoenician Empire (lb_phoenician_emp) [1200 BCE to 332 BCE]
Almoravids (ma_almoravid_dyn) [1035 CE to 1150 CE]
Jenne-jeno I (ml_jenne_jeno_1) [250 BCE to 49 CE]
Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2) [50 CE to 399 CE]
Jenne-jeno III (ml_jenne_jeno_3) [400 CE to 899 CE]
Jenne-jeno IV (ml_jenne_jeno_4) [900 CE to 1300 CE]
Mali Empire (ml_mali_emp) [1230 CE to 1410 CE]
Songhai Empire (ml_songhai_1) [1376 CE to 1493 CE]
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty (ml_songhai_2) [1493 CE to 1591 CE]
Early Xiongnu (mn_hunnu_early) [1400 BCE to 300 BCE]
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation (mn_hunnu_emp) [209 BCE to 60 BCE]
Late Xiongnu (mn_hunnu_late) [60 BCE to 100 CE]
Khitan I (mn_khitan_1) [907 CE to 1125 CE]
Early Mongols (mn_mongol_early) [1000 CE to 1206 CE]
Eastern Turk Khaganate (mn_turk_khaganate_1) [583 CE to 630 CE]
Second Turk Khaganate (mn_turk_khaganate_2) [682 CE to 744 CE]
Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate) [745 CE to 840 CE]
Xianbei Confederation (mn_xianbei) [100 CE to 250 CE]
Middle Wagadu Empire (mr_wagadu_2) [700 CE to 1077 CE]
Later Wagadu Empire (mr_wagadu_3) [1078 CE to 1203 CE]
Aztec Empire (mx_aztec_emp) [1427 CE to 1526 CE]
Archaic Basin of Mexico (mx_basin_of_mexico_1) [6000 BCE to 2001 BCE]
Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico (mx_basin_of_mexico_10) [1200 CE to 1426 CE]
Initial Formative Basin of Mexico (mx_basin_of_mexico_2) [2000 BCE to 1201 BCE]
Early Formative Basin of Mexico (mx_basin_of_mexico_3) [1200 BCE to 801 BCE]
Middle Formative Basin of Mexico (mx_basin_of_mexico_4) [800 BCE to 401 BCE]
Late Formative Basin of Mexico (mx_basin_of_mexico_5) [400 BCE to 101 BCE]
Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico (mx_basin_of_mexico_6) [100 BCE to 99 CE]
Epiclassic Basin of Mexico (mx_basin_of_mexico_8) [650 CE to 899 CE]
Early United Mexican States (mx_mexico_1) [1810 CE to 1920 CE]
Early Monte Alban I (mx_monte_alban_1_early) [500 BCE to 300 BCE]
Monte Alban Late I (mx_monte_alban_1_late) [300 BCE to 100 BCE]
Monte Alban II (mx_monte_alban_2) [100 BCE to 200 CE]
Monte Alban III (mx_monte_alban_3_a) [200 CE to 500 CE]
Monte Alban IIIB and IV (mx_monte_alban_3_b_4) [500 CE to 900 CE]
Monte Alban V (mx_monte_alban_5) [900 CE to 1520 CE]
Monte Alban V Early Postclassic (mx_monte_alban_5_a) [900 CE to 1099 CE]
Monte Alban V Late Postclassic (mx_monte_alban_5_b) [1101 CE to 1520 CE]
Oaxaca - Rosario (mx_rosario) [700 BCE to 500 BCE]
Oaxaca - San Jose (mx_san_jose) [1150 BCE to 700 BCE]
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas (mx_tierras_largas) [1400 BCE to 1150 BCE]
Toltecs (mx_toltec) [900 CE to 1199 CE]
Foys (ni_dahomey_k) [1715 CE to 1894 CE]
Kingdom of Norway II (no_norway_k_2) [1262 CE to 1396 CE]
Cuzco - Late Formative (pe_cuzco_1) [500 BCE to 200 CE]
Cuzco - Early Intermediate I (pe_cuzco_2) [200 CE to 499 CE]
Cuzco - Early Intermediate II (pe_cuzco_3) [500 CE to 649 CE]
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I (pe_cuzco_5) [1000 CE to 1250 CE]
Inca Empire (pe_inca_emp) [1375 CE to 1532 CE]
Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial) [1884 CE to 1942 CE]
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial) [1734 CE to 1883 CE]
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca) [4000 BCE to 3200 BCE]
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic (pk_kachi_enl) [7500 BCE to 5500 BCE]
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic (pk_kachi_lnl) [5500 BCE to 4000 BCE]
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban) [1800 BCE to 1300 BCE]
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period (pk_kachi_pre_urban) [3200 BCE to 2500 BCE]
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I (ru_romanov_dyn_1) [1614 CE to 1775 CE]
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II (ru_romanov_dyn_2) [1776 CE to 1917 CE]
Sakha - Early (ru_sakha_early) [1400 CE to 1632 CE]
Sakha - Late (ru_sakha_late) [1632 CE to 1900 CE]
Soviet Union (ru_soviet_union) [1918 CE to 1991 CE]
Umayyad Caliphate (sy_umayyad_cal) [661 CE to 750 CE]
Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp) [1157 CE to 1231 CE]
Fatimid Caliphate (tn_fatimid_cal) [909 CE to 1171 CE]
Byzantine Empire I (tr_byzantine_emp_1) [632 CE to 866 CE]
Byzantine Empire II (tr_byzantine_emp_2) [867 CE to 1072 CE]
Byzantine Empire III (tr_byzantine_emp_3) [1073 CE to 1204 CE]
Late Cappadocia (tr_cappadocia_2) [330 BCE to 16 CE]
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia (tr_central_anatolia_mba) [2000 BCE to 1700 BCE]
East Roman Empire (tr_east_roman_emp) [395 CE to 631 CE]
Hatti - New Kingdom (tr_hatti_new_k) [1400 BCE to 1180 BCE]
Hatti - Old Kingdom (tr_hatti_old_k) [1650 BCE to 1500 BCE]
Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic (tr_konya_eca) [6000 BCE to 5500 BCE]
Konya Plain - Early Neolithic (tr_konya_enl) [9600 BCE to 7000 BCE]
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II (tr_konya_lba) [1500 BCE to 1400 BCE]
Konya Plain - Late Neolithic (tr_konya_lnl) [6600 BCE to 6000 BCE]
Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic (tr_konya_mnl) [7000 BCE to 6600 BCE]
Lysimachus Kingdom (tr_lysimachus_k) [323 BCE to 281 BCE]
Ottoman Emirate (tr_ottoman_emirate) [1299 CE to 1402 CE]
Ottoman Empire I (tr_ottoman_emp_1) [1402 CE to 1517 CE]
Ottoman Empire II (tr_ottoman_emp_2) [1517 CE to 1683 CE]
Ottoman Empire III (tr_ottoman_emp_3) [1683 CE to 1839 CE]
Ottoman Empire IV (tr_ottoman_emp_4) [1839 CE to 1922 CE]
Yemen - Ottoman period (tr_ottoman_emp_4_copy) [1873 CE to 1920 CE]
Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k) [900 BCE to 695 BCE]
Rum Sultanate (tr_rum_sultanate) [1077 CE to 1307 CE]
Classic Tana (tz_tana) [1100 CE to 1498 CE]
Antebellum US (us_antebellum) [1776 CE to 1865 CE]
Chaco Canyon - Late Bonito phase (us_chaco_bonito_3) [1101 CE to 1140 CE]
Early Illinois Confederation (us_early_illinois_confederation) [1640 CE to 1717 CE]
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early (us_haudenosaunee_1) [1566 CE to 1713 CE]
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late (us_haudenosaunee_2) [1714 CE to 1848 CE]
Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period (us_hawaii_k) [1820 CE to 1898 CE]
Us Reconstruction-Progressive (us_united_states_of_america_reconstruction) [1866 CE to 1933 CE]
Samanid Empire (uz_samanid_emp) [819 CE to 999 CE]
Timurid Empire (uz_timurid_emp) [1370 CE to 1526 CE]
Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty (ye_qasimid_dyn) [1637 CE to 1805 CE]
Start Year
End Year
Apply Filters
243
Mnemonic Device
Records
Polity
Coded Value /
Tags
Year(s)
Edit
Norman England
Present
1100
CE
1153
CE
Loading...
Soviet Union
Present
1923
CE
1991
CE
Loading...
Heian
Unknown
794
CE
1185
CE
Loading...
Beaker Culture
Unknown
Suspected
3200
BCE
2000
BCE
Loading...
Naqada I
Unknown
Suspected
3800
BCE
3550
BCE
Loading...
Ottoman Empire III
Present
1683
CE
1839
CE
Loading...
Early Roman Republic
Uncoded
Undecided
509
BCE
264
BCE
Loading...
East Roman Empire
Present
Inferred
395
CE
631
CE
Loading...
Yemen - Ottoman period
Absent
1873
CE
1920
CE
Loading...
La Tene C2-D
Unknown
Suspected
175
BCE
27
BCE
Loading...
Byzantine Empire I
Absent
632
CE
866
CE
Loading...
Japan - Middle Jomon
Present
Inferred
3500
BCE
2500
BCE
Loading...
Kansai - Yayoi Period
Unknown
Suspected
300
BCE
250
CE
Loading...
Khmer Kingdom
Present
1432
CE
1594
CE
Loading...
Classical Angkor
Present
1100
CE
1220
CE
Loading...
Inca Empire
Present
1375
CE
1532
CE
Loading...
Satavahana Empire
Unknown
Suspected
100
BCE
200
CE
Loading...
Early Qing
Present
1644
CE
1796
CE
Loading...
Canaan
Present
Inferred
2000
BCE
1175
BCE
Loading...
Yisrael
Unknown
1030
BCE
722
BCE
Loading...
Chu Kingdom - Warring States Period
Uncoded
Undecided
488
BCE
223
BCE
Loading...
Ak Koyunlu
Unknown
Suspected
1339
CE
1501
CE
Loading...
Early A'chik
Absent
1775
CE
1867
CE
Loading...
Late A'chik
Present
1867
CE
1956
CE
Loading...
Icelandic Commonwealth
Unknown
930
CE
1262
CE
Loading...
Akan - Pre-Ashanti
Present
Inferred
1501
CE
1701
CE
Loading...
Chu Kingdom - Spring and Autumn Period
Uncoded
Undecided
740
BCE
489
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period
Unknown
Suspected
1550
BCE
1293
BCE
Loading...
Almoravids
Present
1035
CE
1150
CE
Loading...
Roman Kingdom
Uncoded
Undecided
716
BCE
509
BCE
Loading...
Early Merovingian
Unknown
Suspected
481
CE
543
CE
Loading...
Songhai Empire
Present
1376
CE
1493
CE
Loading...
Rashtrakuta Empire
Uncoded
Undecided
753
CE
973
CE
Loading...
Safavid Empire
Unknown
Suspected
1501
CE
1722
CE
Loading...
Papal States - Early Modern Period I
Present
1527
CE
1648
CE
Loading...
Ottoman Empire IV
Present
1839
CE
1922
CE
Loading...
Qin Empire
Present
338
BCE
207
BCE
Loading...
Latium - Iron Age
Uncoded
Undecided
1000
BCE
580
BCE
Loading...
Western Han Empire
Present
202
BCE
9
CE
Loading...
Western Jin
Present
265
CE
317
CE
Loading...
Konya Plain - Late Neolithic
Absent
6600
BCE
6000
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period
Unknown
Suspected
1069
BCE
747
BCE
Loading...
Great Yuan
Present
1271
CE
1368
CE
Loading...
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II
Present
1348
CE
1412
CE
Loading...
Papal States - Early Modern Period II
Present
Inferred
1648
CE
1809
CE
Loading...
Late Cappadocia
Unknown
Suspected
330
BCE
16
CE
Loading...
Ayyubid Sultanate
Present
1171
CE
1250
CE
Loading...
Lombard Kingdom
Unknown
Suspected
568
CE
774
CE
Loading...
Northern Song
Present
960
CE
1127
CE
Loading...
Monte Alban II
Absent
100
BCE
200
CE
Loading...
Monte Alban IIIB and IV
Absent
500
CE
900
CE
Loading...
Monte Alban V Early Postclassic
Absent
900
CE
1099
CE
Loading...
Early Monte Alban I
Absent
500
BCE
300
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom
Unknown
Suspected
2650
BCE
2350
BCE
Loading...
Kingdom of Sicily - Hohenstaufen and Angevin dynasties
Present
1194
CE
1281
CE
Loading...
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
Unknown
Suspected
256
BCE
125
BCE
Loading...
Hallstatt C
Unknown
Suspected
700
BCE
600
BCE
Loading...
Hallstatt B2-3
Unknown
Suspected
900
BCE
700
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I
Present
1260
CE
1348
CE
Loading...
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III
Present
1412
CE
1517
CE
Loading...
Oaxaca - San Jose
Uncoded
Undecided
1150
BCE
700
BCE
Loading...
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I
Present
1454
CE
1648
CE
Loading...
Elam - Shutrukid Period
Present
Inferred
1199
BCE
1100
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period
Present
1293
BCE
1070
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - Period of the Regions
Unknown
Suspected
2150
BCE
2016
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - Kushite Period
Unknown
Suspected
747
BCE
656
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - Middle Kingdom
Unknown
Suspected
2016
BCE
1700
BCE
Loading...
Elam - Kidinuid Period
Present
Inferred
1500
BCE
1400
BCE
Loading...
Badarian
Absent
Inferred
4400
BCE
3800
BCE
Loading...
Parthian Empire II
Unknown
Suspected
41
CE
226
CE
Loading...
Macedonian Empire
Present
330
BCE
312
BCE
Loading...
Later Wagadu Empire
Unknown
Suspected
1078
CE
1203
CE
Loading...
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama
Unknown
1568
CE
1603
CE
Loading...
Kansai - Kofun Period
Unknown
Suspected
250
CE
537
CE
Loading...
Ilkhanate
Unknown
Suspected
1256
CE
1339
CE
Loading...
Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic
Absent
6000
BCE
5500
BCE
Loading...
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
Uncoded
Undecided
2000
BCE
1700
BCE
Loading...
Early Illinois Confederation
Present
1640
CE
1717
CE
Loading...
Monte Alban Late I
Absent
300
BCE
100
BCE
Loading...
Tang Dynasty II
Present
763
CE
907
CE
Loading...
Late Qing
Present
1796
CE
1912
CE
Loading...
Timurid Empire
Unknown
Suspected
1370
CE
1526
CE
Loading...
Yangshao
Uncoded
Undecided
5000
BCE
3000
BCE
Loading...
Western Zhou
Uncoded
Undecided
1122
BCE
771
BCE
Loading...
Early Wei Dynasty
Uncoded
Undecided
445
BCE
225
BCE
Loading...
Great Ming
Present
1368
CE
1644
CE
Loading...
Late Angkor
Present
1220
CE
1432
CE
Loading...
Jin
Uncoded
Undecided
780
BCE
404
BCE
Loading...
Cuzco - Early Intermediate I
Unknown
Suspected
200
CE
499
CE
Loading...
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I
Absent
Inferred
1000
CE
1250
CE
Loading...
Achaemenid Empire
Present
Inferred
550
BCE
331
BCE
Loading...
Akkadian Empire
Present
2270
BCE
2083
BCE
Loading...
Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty
Unknown
Suspected
919
CE
1125
CE
Loading...
Papal States - Renaissance Period
Present
Inferred
1378
CE
1527
CE
Loading...
Papal States - High Medieval Period
Present
Inferred
1198
CE
1309
CE
Loading...
Tang Dynasty I
Present
617
CE
763
CE
Loading...
Northern Wei
Present
386
CE
534
CE
Loading...
Byzantine Empire II
Absent
867
CE
1072
CE
Loading...
Umayyad Caliphate
Present
661
CE
750
CE
Loading...
Mali Empire
Unknown
Suspected
1230
CE
1410
CE
Loading...
Middle Merovingian
Unknown
Suspected
543
CE
687
CE
Loading...
Monte Alban V Late Postclassic
Absent
1101
CE
1520
CE
Loading...
Kara-Khanids
Unknown
Suspected
950
CE
1212
CE
Loading...
Ashanti Empire
Present
1701
CE
1895
CE
Loading...
Fatimid Caliphate
Present
909
CE
1171
CE
Loading...
Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty
Absent
1637
CE
1805
CE
Loading...
Eastern Zhou
Uncoded
Undecided
475
BCE
256
BCE
Loading...
Ptolemaic Kingdom II
Present
217
BCE
30
BCE
Loading...
Elam - Shimashki Period
Present
Inferred
2028
BCE
1940
BCE
Loading...
Atlantic Complex
Unknown
Suspected
2200
BCE
1000
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - Dynasty 0
Unknown
Suspected
3300
BCE
3100
BCE
Loading...
Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period
Unknown
Suspected
1720
BCE
1567
BCE
Loading...
Buyid Confederation
Unknown
Suspected
932
CE
1062
CE
Loading...
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period
Present
868
CE
969
CE
Loading...
Ptolemaic Kingdom I
Present
305
BCE
217
BCE
Loading...
Hallstatt A-B1
Unknown
Suspected
1000
BCE
900
BCE
Loading...
Hallstatt D
Unknown
Suspected
600
BCE
475
BCE
Loading...
Konya Plain - Early Neolithic
Absent
9600
BCE
7000
BCE
Loading...
Pre-Ceramic Period
Unknown
Suspected
7800
BCE
7200
BCE
Loading...
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty
Unknown
Suspected
1493
CE
1591
CE
Loading...
Naqada II
Unknown
Suspected
3550
BCE
3300
BCE
Loading...
Seljuk Sultanate
Unknown
Suspected
1037
CE
1157
CE
Loading...
Monte Alban III
Absent
200
CE
500
CE
Loading...
Eastern Han Empire
Present
25
CE
220
CE
Loading...
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I
Present
1614
CE
1775
CE
Loading...
Antebellum US
Unknown
Suspected
1776
CE
1865
CE
Loading...
Early Angkor
Present
802
CE
1100
CE
Loading...
Kamakura Shogunate
Unknown
1185
CE
1333
CE
Loading...
Ashikaga Shogunate
Unknown
Suspected
1336
CE
1467
CE
Loading...
Chaco Canyon - Late Bonito phase
Present
1101
CE
1140
CE
Loading...
Abbasid Caliphate II
Unknown
Suspected
1191
CE
1258
CE
Loading...
Elam - Awan Dynasty I
Present
Inferred
2675
BCE
2100
BCE
Loading...
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period
Unknown
Suspected
1800
BCE
1300
BCE
Loading...
Parthian Empire I
Unknown
Suspected
247
BCE
40
CE
Loading...
Susa III
Present
Inferred
3100
BCE
2675
BCE
Loading...
Late Xiongnu
Unknown
Suspected
60
BCE
100
CE
Loading...
Uigur Khaganate
Unknown
Suspected
745
CE
840
CE
Loading...
Warring States Japan
Unknown
Suspected
1467
CE
1568
CE
Loading...
Tokugawa Shogunate
Unknown
1603
CE
1868
CE
Loading...
Early United Mexican States
Present
1810
CE
1920
CE
Loading...
Cuzco - Early Intermediate II
Unknown
Suspected
500
CE
649
CE
Loading...
Archaic Basin of Mexico
Present
6000
BCE
2001
BCE
Loading...
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
Present
1714
CE
1848
CE
Loading...
Jin Dynasty
Present
1115
CE
1234
CE
Loading...
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period
Unknown
Suspected
3200
BCE
2500
BCE
Loading...
Durrani Empire
Uncoded
Undecided
1747
CE
1826
CE
Loading...
Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
Unknown
Suspected
7000
BCE
6600
BCE
Loading...
Iban - Pre-Brooke
Present
1650
CE
1841
CE
Loading...
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
Present
1841
CE
1987
CE
Loading...
Ottoman Empire II
Present
1517
CE
1683
CE
Loading...
Latium - Bronze Age
Uncoded
Undecided
1800
BCE
900
BCE
Loading...
Yehuda
Present
Inferred
141
BCE
63
BCE
Loading...
Jenne-jeno I
Unknown
Suspected
250
BCE
49
CE
Loading...
Erlitou
Present
Inferred
1850
BCE
1600
BCE
Loading...
Jenne-jeno II
Unknown
Suspected
50
CE
399
CE
Loading...
Middle Wagadu Empire
Unknown
Suspected
700
CE
1077
CE
Loading...
Latium - Copper Age
Uncoded
Undecided
3600
BCE
1800
BCE
Loading...
Rome - Republic of St Peter II
Present
Inferred
904
CE
1198
CE
Loading...
Epiclassic Basin of Mexico
Present
650
CE
899
CE
Loading...
Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico
Present
100
BCE
99
CE
Loading...
Oaxaca - Rosario
Absent
Inferred
700
BCE
500
BCE
Loading...
Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period
Present
1820
CE
1898
CE
Loading...
Jenne-jeno III
Unknown
Suspected
400
CE
899
CE
Loading...
Khitan I
Unknown
Suspected
907
CE
1125
CE
Loading...
Eastern Turk Khaganate
Unknown
Suspected
583
CE
630
CE
Loading...
Early Mongols
Absent
1000
CE
1206
CE
Loading...
Khwarezmid Empire
Unknown
Suspected
1157
CE
1231
CE
Loading...
Early Xiongnu
Unknown
Suspected
1400
BCE
300
BCE
Loading...
Aztec Empire
Present
1427
CE
1526
CE
Loading...
Longshan
Uncoded
Undecided
3000
BCE
1900
BCE
Loading...
Late Formative Basin of Mexico
Present
400
BCE
101
BCE
Loading...
Saffarid Caliphate
Unknown
Suspected
861
CE
1003
CE
Loading...
Toltecs
Present
900
CE
1199
CE
Loading...
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas
Unknown
Suspected
1400
BCE
1150
BCE
Loading...
Erligang
Uncoded
Undecided
1650
BCE
1250
BCE
Loading...
Orokaiva - Colonial
Present
1884
CE
1942
CE
Loading...
Kalingga Kingdom
Uncoded
Undecided
500
CE
732
CE
Loading...
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic
Unknown
Suspected
4000
BCE
3200
BCE
Loading...
Jenne-jeno IV
Unknown
Suspected
900
CE
1300
CE
Loading...
Sakha - Early
Absent
Inferred
1400
CE
1632
CE
Loading...
Sakha - Late
Present
1632
CE
1900
CE
Loading...
Hatti - Old Kingdom
Unknown
Suspected
1650
BCE
1500
BCE
Loading...
Lysimachus Kingdom
Uncoded
Undecided
323
BCE
281
BCE
Loading...
Ottoman Empire I
Present
1402
CE
1517
CE
Loading...
Abbasid Caliphate I
Present
750
CE
946
CE
Loading...
Susa II
Present
Inferred
3800
BCE
3100
BCE
Loading...
Elam - Early Sukkalmah
Present
Inferred
1900
BCE
1701
BCE
Loading...
Elam - Igihalkid Period
Present
Inferred
1399
BCE
1200
BCE
Loading...
Elam II
Present
Inferred
743
BCE
647
BCE
Loading...
Phoenician Empire
Unknown
1200
BCE
332
BCE
Loading...
La Tene B2-C1
Unknown
Suspected
325
BCE
175
BCE
Loading...
Samanid Empire
Unknown
Suspected
819
CE
999
CE
Loading...
Plantagenet England
Present
1154
CE
1485
CE
Loading...
Ubaid
Unknown
Suspected
5500
BCE
4201
BCE
Loading...
Hmong - Early Chinese
Unknown
Suspected
1895
CE
1941
CE
Loading...
Sui Dynasty
Present
581
CE
618
CE
Loading...
Tairona
Uncoded
Undecided
1050
CE
1524
CE
Loading...
Neguanje
Unknown
Suspected
250
CE
1050
CE
Loading...
Shuar - Ecuadorian
Absent
1831
CE
1931
CE
Loading...
Chuuk - Late Truk
Absent
1886
CE
1948
CE
Loading...
Sasanid Empire II
Unknown
Suspected
488
CE
642
CE
Loading...
Elam - Late Sukkalmah
Present
Inferred
1700
BCE
1500
BCE
Loading...
Prepalatial Crete
Unknown
Suspected
3000
BCE
1900
BCE
Loading...
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II
Present
1776
CE
1917
CE
Loading...
Elam III
Present
Inferred
612
BCE
539
BCE
Loading...
Classic Tana
Unknown
Suspected
1100
CE
1498
CE
Loading...
Monte Alban V
Absent
900
CE
1520
CE
Loading...
Initial Formative Basin of Mexico
Present
2000
BCE
1201
BCE
Loading...
Early Formative Basin of Mexico
Present
1200
BCE
801
BCE
Loading...
Middle Formative Basin of Mexico
Present
800
BCE
401
BCE
Loading...
Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico
Present
1200
CE
1426
CE
Loading...
Chuuk - Early Truk
Absent
1775
CE
1886
CE
Loading...
Final Postpalatial Crete
Unknown
Suspected
1200
BCE
1000
BCE
Loading...
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation
Unknown
Suspected
209
BCE
60
BCE
Loading...
Cuzco - Late Formative
Unknown
Suspected
500
BCE
200
CE
Loading...
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
Present
1566
CE
1713
CE
Loading...
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic
Unknown
Suspected
7500
BCE
5500
BCE
Loading...
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
Unknown
Suspected
5500
BCE
4000
BCE
Loading...
Nara Kingdom
Unknown
710
CE
794
CE
Loading...
Republic of St Peter I
Uncoded
Undecided
752
CE
904
CE
Loading...
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II
Unknown
Suspected
1500
BCE
1400
BCE
Loading...
Xianbei Confederation
Unknown
Suspected
100
CE
250
CE
Loading...
Hatti - New Kingdom
Absent
1400
BCE
1180
BCE
Loading...
Phrygian Kingdom
Uncoded
Undecided
900
BCE
695
BCE
Loading...
Foys
Present
1715
CE
1894
CE
Loading...
Byzantine Empire III
Absent
1073
CE
1204
CE
Loading...
Ottoman Emirate
Present
1299
CE
1402
CE
Loading...
Shuar - Colonial
Absent
1534
CE
1830
CE
Loading...
Us Reconstruction-Progressive
Unknown
Suspected
1866
CE
1933
CE
Loading...
Second Turk Khaganate
Unknown
Suspected
682
CE
744
CE
Loading...
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial
Present
1734
CE
1883
CE
Loading...
Sasanid Empire I
Unknown
Suspected
205
CE
487
CE
Loading...
Rum Sultanate
Uncoded
Undecided
1077
CE
1307
CE
Loading...
East Francia
Present
842
CE
919
CE
Loading...
Mahajanapada era
Uncoded
Undecided
600
BCE
324
BCE
Loading...
Chalukyas of Kalyani
Uncoded
Undecided
973
CE
1189
CE
Loading...
Deccan - Iron Age
Unknown
Suspected
1200
BCE
300
BCE
Loading...
Deccan - Neolithic
Uncoded
Undecided
2700
BCE
1200
BCE
Loading...
Chalukyas of Badami
Uncoded
Undecided
543
CE
753
CE
Loading...
Hephthalite Empire
Present
408
CE
561
CE
Loading...
Kingdom of Norway II
Unknown
1262
CE
1396
CE
Loading...
Seleucid Empire
Unknown
Suspected
312
BCE
63
BCE
Loading...
Kushan Empire
Uncoded
Undecided
35
CE
319
CE
Loading...