Section: Social Complexity / Writing Systems
Variable: Mnemonic Device (All coded records)
Talking about Writing Systems, Mnemonic devices are: For example, tallies  
Mnemonic Device
#  Polity  Coded Value Tags Year(s) Edit Desc
1 * Norman England present Confident 1100 CE 1153 CE
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2 Soviet Union present Confident 1923 CE 1991 CE
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3 Macedonian Empire present Confident 330 BCE 312 BCE
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4 Classic Tana unknown Suspected 1100 CE 1498 CE
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5 Almoravids present Confident 1035 CE 1150 CE
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6 Chu Kingdom - Spring and Autumn Period uncoded Undecided 740 BCE 489 BCE
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7 Chu Kingdom - Warring States Period uncoded Undecided 488 BCE 223 BCE
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8 Kingdom of Sicily - Hohenstaufen and Angevin dynasties present Confident 1194 CE 1281 CE
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9 Monte Alban V Early Postclassic absent Confident 900 CE 1099 CE
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10 Monte Alban V Late Postclassic absent Confident 1101 CE 1520 CE
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11 Ottoman Empire Late Period absent Confident 1873 CE 1920 CE
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12 Songhai Empire present Confident 1376 CE 1493 CE
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13 Greco-Bactrian Kingdom unknown Suspected 256 BCE 125 BCE
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14 Sui Dynasty present Confident 581 CE 618 CE
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15 Ashikaga Shogunate unknown Suspected 1336 CE 1467 CE
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16 Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama unknown Confident 1568 CE 1603 CE
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17 Heian unknown Confident 794 CE 1185 CE
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18 Sasanid Empire II unknown Suspected 488 CE 642 CE
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19 Seleucids unknown Suspected 312 BCE 63 BCE
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20 Early Merovingian unknown Suspected 481 CE 543 CE
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21 Middle Merovingian unknown Suspected 543 CE 687 CE
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22 La Tene B2-C1 unknown Suspected 325 BCE 175 BCE
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23 La Tene C2-D unknown Suspected 175 BCE 27 BCE
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24 Final Postpalatial Crete unknown Suspected 1200 BCE 1000 BCE
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25 Prepalatial Crete unknown Suspected 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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26 Yisrael unknown Confident 1030 BCE 722 BCE
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27 Deccan - Iron Age unknown Suspected 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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28 Satavahana Empire unknown Suspected 100 BCE 200 CE
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29 Abbasid Caliphate II unknown Suspected 1191 CE 1258 CE
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30 Ubaid unknown Suspected 5500 BCE 4201 BCE
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31 Achaemenid Empire present Inferred 550 BCE 331 BCE
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32 Ak Koyunlu unknown Suspected 1339 CE 1501 CE
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33 Buyid Confederation unknown Suspected 932 CE 1062 CE
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34 Ilkhanate unknown Suspected 1256 CE 1339 CE
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35 Pre-Ceramic Period unknown Suspected 7800 BCE 7200 BCE
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36 Safavid Empire unknown Suspected 1501 CE 1722 CE
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37 Sasanid Empire I unknown Suspected 205 CE 487 CE
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38 Ottoman Empire III present Confident 1683 CE 1839 CE
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39 Great Yuan present Confident 1271 CE 1368 CE
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40 Neguanje unknown Suspected 250 CE 1050 CE
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41 Ayyubid Sultanate present Confident 1171 CE 1250 CE
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42 Badarian absent Inferred 4400 BCE 3800 BCE
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43 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I present Confident 1260 CE 1348 CE
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44 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III present Confident 1412 CE 1517 CE
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45 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II present Confident 1348 CE 1412 CE
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46 Egypt - Middle Kingdom unknown Suspected 2016 BCE 1700 BCE
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47 Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period unknown Suspected 1550 BCE 1293 BCE
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48 Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom unknown Suspected 2650 BCE 2350 BCE
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49 Ptolemaic Kingdom I present Confident 305 BCE 217 BCE
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50 Ptolemaic Kingdom II present Confident 217 BCE 30 BCE
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51 Egypt - Period of the Regions unknown Suspected 2150 BCE 2016 BCE
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52 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period unknown Suspected 1720 BCE 1567 BCE
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53 Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period present Confident 868 CE 969 CE
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54 Beaker Culture unknown Suspected 3200 BCE 2000 BCE
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55 Hallstatt A-B1 unknown Suspected 1000 BCE 900 BCE
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56 Hallstatt B2-3 unknown Suspected 900 BCE 700 BCE
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57 Hallstatt C unknown Suspected 700 BCE 600 BCE
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58 Hallstatt D unknown Suspected 600 BCE 475 BCE
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59 Early United Mexican States present Confident 1810 CE 1920 CE
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60 Seljuk Sultanate unknown Suspected 1037 CE 1157 CE
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61 Erlitou present Inferred 1850 BCE 1600 BCE
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62 Northern Wei present Confident 386 CE 534 CE
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63 Late Qing present Confident 1796 CE 1912 CE
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64 Western Han Empire present Confident 202 BCE 9 CE
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65 Egypt - Dynasty 0 unknown Suspected 3300 BCE 3100 BCE
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66 Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period unknown Suspected 1069 BCE 747 BCE
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67 Chuuk - Early Truk absent Confident 1775 CE 1886 CE
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68 Chuuk - Late Truk absent Confident 1886 CE 1948 CE
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69 Atlantic Complex unknown Suspected 2200 BCE 1000 BCE
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70 Canaan present Inferred 2000 BCE 1175 BCE
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71 Abbasid Caliphate I present Confident 750 CE 946 CE
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72 Akkadian Empire present Confident 2270 BCE 2083 BCE
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73 Elam - Shutrukid Period present Inferred 1199 BCE 1100 BCE
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74 Elam - Shimashki Period present Inferred 2028 BCE 1940 BCE
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75 Kamakura Shogunate unknown Confident 1185 CE 1333 CE
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76 Kansai - Kofun Period unknown Suspected 250 CE 537 CE
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77 Nara Kingdom unknown Confident 710 CE 794 CE
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78 Warring States Japan unknown Suspected 1467 CE 1568 CE
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79 Tokugawa Shogunate unknown Confident 1603 CE 1868 CE
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80 Kara-Khanids unknown Suspected 950 CE 1212 CE
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81 Phoenician Empire unknown Confident 1200 BCE 332 BCE
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82 Jenne-jeno I unknown Suspected 250 BCE 49 CE
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83 Jenne-jeno II unknown Suspected 50 CE 399 CE
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84 Jenne-jeno III unknown Suspected 400 CE 899 CE
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85 Jenne-jeno IV unknown Suspected 900 CE 1300 CE
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86 Mali Empire unknown Suspected 1230 CE 1410 CE
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87 Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty unknown Suspected 1493 CE 1591 CE
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88 Eastern Turk Khaganate unknown Suspected 583 CE 630 CE
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89 Khitan I unknown Suspected 907 CE 1125 CE
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90 Second Turk Khaganate unknown Suspected 682 CE 744 CE
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91 Uigur Khaganate unknown Suspected 745 CE 840 CE
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92 Xianbei Confederation unknown Suspected 100 CE 250 CE
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93 Early Xiongnu unknown Suspected 1400 BCE 300 BCE
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94 Late Xiongnu unknown Suspected 60 BCE 100 CE
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95 Xiongnu Imperial Confederation unknown Suspected 209 BCE 60 BCE
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96 Later Wagadu Empire unknown Suspected 1078 CE 1203 CE
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97 Middle Wagadu Empire unknown Suspected 700 CE 1077 CE
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98 Cuzco - Early Intermediate I unknown Suspected 200 CE 499 CE
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99 Cuzco - Early Intermediate II unknown Suspected 500 CE 649 CE
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100 Cuzco - Late Formative unknown Suspected 500 BCE 200 CE
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101 Inca Empire present Confident 1375 CE 1532 CE
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102 Egypt - Kushite Period unknown Suspected 747 BCE 656 BCE
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103 Fatimid Caliphate present Confident 909 CE 1171 CE
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104 Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II unknown Suspected 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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105 Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic absent Confident 6000 BCE 5500 BCE
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106 East Roman Empire present Inferred 395 CE 631 CE
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107 Hatti - Old Kingdom unknown Suspected 1650 BCE 1500 BCE
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108 Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic unknown Suspected 7000 BCE 6600 BCE
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109 Konya Plain - Early Neolithic absent Confident 9600 BCE 7000 BCE
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110 Rome - Republic of St Peter II present Inferred 904 CE 1198 CE
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111 Papal States - High Medieval Period present Inferred 1198 CE 1309 CE
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112 Papal States - Early Modern Period II present Inferred 1648 CE 1809 CE
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113 Papal States - Renaissance Period present Inferred 1378 CE 1527 CE
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114 Khmer Kingdom present Confident 1432 CE 1594 CE
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115 Monte Alban V absent Confident 900 CE 1520 CE
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116 Aztec Empire present Confident 1427 CE 1526 CE
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117 Late Formative Basin of Mexico present Confident 400 BCE 101 BCE
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118 Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico present Confident 100 BCE 99 CE
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119 Toltecs present Confident 900 CE 1199 CE
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120 Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic unknown Suspected 7500 BCE 5500 BCE
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121 Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic unknown Suspected 5500 BCE 4000 BCE
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122 Sakha - Late present Confident 1632 CE 1900 CE
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123 Umayyad Caliphate present Confident 661 CE 750 CE
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124 Byzantine Empire I absent Confident 632 CE 866 CE
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125 Byzantine Empire III absent Confident 1073 CE 1204 CE
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126 Konya Plain - Late Neolithic absent Confident 6600 BCE 6000 BCE
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127 Ottoman Empire II present Confident 1517 CE 1683 CE
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128 Samanid Empire unknown Suspected 819 CE 999 CE
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129 Timurid Empire unknown Suspected 1370 CE 1526 CE
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130 Hephthalites present Confident 408 CE 561 CE
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131 Eastern Han Empire present Confident 25 CE 220 CE
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132 Western Jin present Confident 265 CE 317 CE
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133 Hmong - Early Chinese unknown Suspected 1895 CE 1941 CE
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134 Jin Dynasty present Confident 1115 CE 1234 CE
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135 Great Ming present Confident 1368 CE 1644 CE
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136 Northern Song present Confident 960 CE 1127 CE
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137 Early Qing present Confident 1644 CE 1796 CE
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138 Tang Dynasty I present Confident 617 CE 763 CE
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139 Tang Dynasty II present Confident 763 CE 907 CE
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140 Shuar - Colonial absent Confident 1534 CE 1830 CE
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141 Shuar - Ecuadorian absent Confident 1831 CE 1931 CE
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142 Naqada I unknown Suspected 3800 BCE 3550 BCE
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143 Byzantine Empire II absent Confident 867 CE 1072 CE
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144 * East Francia present Confident 842 CE 919 CE
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145 * Ottoman Empire IV present Confident 1839 CE 1922 CE
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146 Naqada II unknown Suspected 3550 BCE 3300 BCE
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147 Yehuda present Inferred 141 BCE 63 BCE
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148 Ottoman Emirate present Confident 1299 CE 1402 CE
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149 Ottoman Empire I present Confident 1402 CE 1517 CE
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150 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late present Confident 1714 CE 1848 CE
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151 Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty absent Confident 1637 CE 1805 CE
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152 Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period present Confident 1293 BCE 1070 BCE
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153 Akan - Pre-Ashanti present Inferred 1501 CE 1701 CE
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154 Susa II present Inferred 3800 BCE 3100 BCE
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155 Susa III present Inferred 3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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156 Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II present Confident 1776 CE 1917 CE
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157 Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I present Confident 1614 CE 1775 CE
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158 Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty unknown Suspected 919 CE 1125 CE
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159 Sakha - Early absent Inferred 1400 CE 1632 CE
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160 Ashanti Empire present Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
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161 Iban - Pre-Brooke present Confident 1650 CE 1841 CE
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162 Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial present Confident 1841 CE 1987 CE
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163 Early A'chik absent Confident 1775 CE 1867 CE
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164 Icelandic Commonwealth unknown Confident 930 CE 1262 CE
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165 Papal States - Early Modern Period I present Confident 1527 CE 1648 CE
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166 Late A'chik present Confident 1867 CE 1956 CE
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167 Elam - Awan Dynasty I present Inferred 2675 BCE 2100 BCE
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168 Elam - Kidinuid Period present Inferred 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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169 Elam - Igihalkid Period present Inferred 1399 BCE 1200 BCE
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170 Elam II present Inferred 743 BCE 647 BCE
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171 Elam III present Inferred 612 BCE 539 BCE
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172 Parthian Empire I unknown Suspected 247 BCE 40 CE
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173 Monte Alban II absent Confident 100 BCE 200 CE
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174 Parthian Empire II unknown Suspected 41 CE 226 CE
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175 Elam - Early Sukkalmah present Inferred 1900 BCE 1701 BCE
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176 Elam - Late Sukkalmah present Inferred 1700 BCE 1500 BCE
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177 Lombard Kingdom unknown Suspected 568 CE 774 CE
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178 Us Reconstruction-Progressive unknown Suspected 1866 CE 1933 CE
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179 Japan - Middle Jomon present Inferred 3500 BCE 2500 BCE
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180 Kansai - Yayoi Period unknown Suspected 300 BCE 250 CE
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181 Classical Angkor present Confident 1100 CE 1220 CE
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182 Early Angkor present Confident 802 CE 1100 CE
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183 Late Angkor present Confident 1220 CE 1432 CE
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184 Early Mongols absent Confident 1000 CE 1206 CE
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185 Early Monte Alban I absent Confident 500 BCE 300 BCE
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186 Monte Alban Late I absent Confident 300 BCE 100 BCE
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187 Monte Alban III absent Confident 200 CE 500 CE
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188 Monte Alban IIIB and IV absent Confident 500 CE 900 CE
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189 Archaic Basin of Mexico present Confident 6000 BCE 2001 BCE
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190 Epiclassic Basin of Mexico present Confident 650 CE 899 CE
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191 Early Formative Basin of Mexico present Confident 1200 BCE 801 BCE
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192 Middle Formative Basin of Mexico present Confident 800 BCE 401 BCE
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193 Initial Formative Basin of Mexico present Confident 2000 BCE 1201 BCE
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194 Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico present Confident 1200 CE 1426 CE
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195 Oaxaca - Rosario absent Inferred 700 BCE 500 BCE
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196 Oaxaca - Tierras Largas unknown Suspected 1400 BCE 1150 BCE
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197 Antebellum US unknown Suspected 1776 CE 1865 CE
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198 Khwarezmid Empire unknown Suspected 1157 CE 1231 CE
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199 Kingdom of Norway II unknown Confident 1262 CE 1396 CE
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200 Cuzco - Late Intermediate I absent Inferred 1000 CE 1250 CE
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201 Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial present Confident 1734 CE 1883 CE
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202 Orokaiva - Colonial present Confident 1884 CE 1942 CE
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203 Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic unknown Suspected 4000 BCE 3200 BCE
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204 Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period unknown Suspected 1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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205 Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period unknown Suspected 3200 BCE 2500 BCE
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206 Late Cappadocia unknown Suspected 330 BCE 16 CE
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207 Hatti - New Kingdom absent Confident 1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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208 Early Illinois Confederation present Confident 1640 CE 1717 CE
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209 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early present Confident 1566 CE 1713 CE
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210 Foys present Confident 1600 CE 1892 CE
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211 Plantagenet England present Confident 1154 CE 1485 CE
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212 Chaco Canyon - Late Bonito phase present Confident 1101 CE 1140 CE
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213 Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I present Confident 1454 CE 1648 CE
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214 Qin Empire present Confident 338 BCE 207 BCE
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215 Saffarid Caliphate unknown Suspected 861 CE 1003 CE
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216 Eastern Zhou uncoded Undecided 475 BCE 256 BCE
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