Section: Information / Writing Systems
Variable: Mnemonic Device (All coded records)
  { JSON }   .CSV
Talking about Writing Systems, Mnemonic devices are: For example, tallies  
243 Mnemonic Device Records
#  Polity  Coded Value Tags Year(s) Edit
1 Norman England Present Confident 1100 CE 1153 CE
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2 Soviet Union Present Confident 1923 CE 1991 CE
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3 Sui Dynasty Present Confident 581 CE  618 CE
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4 Ashikaga Shogunate Unknown Suspected 1336 CE  1467 CE
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5 Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama Unknown Confident 1568 CE  1603 CE
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6 Heian Unknown Confident 794 CE  1185 CE
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7 Sasanid Empire II Unknown Suspected 488 CE  642 CE
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8 Seleucid Empire Unknown Suspected 312 BCE  63 BCE
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9 Early Merovingian Unknown Suspected 481 CE  543 CE
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10 Middle Merovingian Unknown Suspected 543 CE  687 CE
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11 La Tene B2-C1 Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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12 La Tene C2-D Unknown Suspected 175 BCE  27 BCE
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13 Final Postpalatial Crete Unknown Suspected 1200 BCE  1000 BCE
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14 Prepalatial Crete Unknown Suspected 3000 BCE  1900 BCE
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15 Yisrael Unknown Confident 1030 BCE  722 BCE
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16 Deccan - Iron Age Unknown Suspected 1200 BCE  300 BCE
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17 Satavahana Empire Unknown Suspected 100 BCE  200 CE
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18 Abbasid Caliphate II Unknown Suspected 1191 CE  1258 CE
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19 Ubaid Unknown Suspected 5500 BCE  4201 BCE
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20 Achaemenid Empire Present Inferred 550 BCE  331 BCE
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21 Ak Koyunlu Unknown Suspected 1339 CE  1501 CE
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22 Buyid Confederation Unknown Suspected 932 CE  1062 CE
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23 Ilkhanate Unknown Suspected 1256 CE  1339 CE
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24 Pre-Ceramic Period Unknown Suspected 7800 BCE  7200 BCE
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25 Safavid Empire Unknown Suspected 1501 CE  1722 CE
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26 Sasanid Empire I Unknown Suspected 205 CE  487 CE
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27 Ottoman Empire III Present Confident 1683 CE  1839 CE
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28 Great Yuan Present Confident 1271 CE  1368 CE
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29 Neguanje Unknown Suspected 250 CE  1050 CE
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30 Ayyubid Sultanate Present Confident 1171 CE  1250 CE
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31 Badarian Absent Inferred 4400 BCE  3800 BCE
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32 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I Present Confident 1260 CE  1348 CE
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33 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III Present Confident 1412 CE  1517 CE
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34 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II Present Confident 1348 CE  1412 CE
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35 Egypt - Middle Kingdom Unknown Suspected 2016 BCE  1700 BCE
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36 Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period Unknown Suspected 1550 BCE  1293 BCE
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37 Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom Unknown Suspected 2650 BCE  2350 BCE
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38 Ptolemaic Kingdom I Present Confident 305 BCE  217 BCE
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39 Ptolemaic Kingdom II Present Confident 217 BCE  30 BCE
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40 Egypt - Period of the Regions Unknown Suspected 2150 BCE  2016 BCE
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41 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period Unknown Suspected 1720 BCE  1567 BCE
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42 Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period Present Confident 868 CE  969 CE
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43 Beaker Culture Unknown Suspected 3200 BCE  2000 BCE
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44 Hallstatt A-B1 Unknown Suspected 1000 BCE  900 BCE
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45 Hallstatt B2-3 Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  700 BCE
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46 Hallstatt C Unknown Suspected 700 BCE  600 BCE
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47 Hallstatt D Unknown Suspected 600 BCE  475 BCE
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48 Early United Mexican States Present Confident 1810 CE  1920 CE
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49 Seljuk Sultanate Unknown Suspected 1037 CE  1157 CE
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50 Erlitou Present Inferred 1850 BCE  1600 BCE
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51 Northern Wei Present Confident 386 CE  534 CE
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52 Late Qing Present Confident 1796 CE  1912 CE
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53 Western Han Empire Present Confident 202 BCE  9 CE
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54 Egypt - Dynasty 0 Unknown Suspected 3300 BCE  3100 BCE
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55 Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period Unknown Suspected 1069 BCE  747 BCE
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56 Chuuk - Early Truk Absent Confident 1775 CE  1886 CE
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57 Chuuk - Late Truk Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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58 Eastern Zhou Uncoded Undecided 475 BCE  256 BCE
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59 Classic Tana Unknown Suspected 1100 CE  1498 CE
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60 Almoravids Present Confident 1035 CE  1150 CE
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61 Chu Kingdom - Spring and Autumn Period Uncoded Undecided 740 BCE  489 BCE
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62 Chu Kingdom - Warring States Period Uncoded Undecided 488 BCE  223 BCE
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63 Kingdom of Sicily - Hohenstaufen and Angevin dynasties Present Confident 1194 CE  1281 CE
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64 Monte Alban V Early Postclassic Absent Confident 900 CE  1099 CE
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65 Monte Alban V Late Postclassic Absent Confident 1101 CE  1520 CE
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66 Ottoman Empire Late Period Absent Confident 1873 CE  1920 CE
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67 Atlantic Complex Unknown Suspected 2200 BCE  1000 BCE
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68 Canaan Present Inferred 2000 BCE  1175 BCE
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69 Abbasid Caliphate I Present Confident 750 CE  946 CE
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70 Akkadian Empire Present Confident 2270 BCE  2083 BCE
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71 Elam - Shutrukid Period Present Inferred 1199 BCE  1100 BCE
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72 Elam - Shimashki Period Present Inferred 2028 BCE  1940 BCE
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73 Kamakura Shogunate Unknown Confident 1185 CE  1333 CE
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74 Kansai - Kofun Period Unknown Suspected 250 CE  537 CE
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75 Nara Kingdom Unknown Confident 710 CE  794 CE
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76 Warring States Japan Unknown Suspected 1467 CE  1568 CE
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77 Tokugawa Shogunate Unknown Confident 1603 CE  1868 CE
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78 Kara-Khanids Unknown Suspected 950 CE  1212 CE
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79 Phoenician Empire Unknown Confident 1200 BCE  332 BCE
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80 Jenne-jeno I Unknown Suspected 250 BCE  49 CE
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81 Jenne-jeno II Unknown Suspected 50 CE  399 CE
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82 Jenne-jeno III Unknown Suspected 400 CE  899 CE
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83 Jenne-jeno IV Unknown Suspected 900 CE  1300 CE
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84 Mali Empire Unknown Suspected 1230 CE  1410 CE
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85 Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty Unknown Suspected 1493 CE  1591 CE
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86 Eastern Turk Khaganate Unknown Suspected 583 CE  630 CE
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87 Khitan I Unknown Suspected 907 CE  1125 CE
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88 Second Turk Khaganate Unknown Suspected 682 CE  744 CE
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89 Uigur Khaganate Unknown Suspected 745 CE  840 CE
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90 Xianbei Confederation Unknown Suspected 100 CE  250 CE
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91 Early Xiongnu Unknown Suspected 1400 BCE  300 BCE
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92 Late Xiongnu Unknown Suspected 60 BCE  100 CE
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93 Xiongnu Imperial Confederation Unknown Suspected 209 BCE  60 BCE
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94 Later Wagadu Empire Unknown Suspected 1078 CE  1203 CE
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95 Middle Wagadu Empire Unknown Suspected 700 CE  1077 CE
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96 Cuzco - Early Intermediate I Unknown Suspected 200 CE  499 CE
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97 Cuzco - Early Intermediate II Unknown Suspected 500 CE  649 CE
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98 Cuzco - Late Formative Unknown Suspected 500 BCE  200 CE
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99 Inca Empire Present Confident 1375 CE  1532 CE
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100 Egypt - Kushite Period Unknown Suspected 747 BCE  656 BCE
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101 Fatimid Caliphate Present Confident 909 CE  1171 CE
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102 Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II Unknown Suspected 1500 BCE  1400 BCE
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103 Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic Absent Confident 6000 BCE  5500 BCE
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104 East Roman Empire Present Inferred 395 CE  631 CE
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105 Hatti - Old Kingdom Unknown Suspected 1650 BCE  1500 BCE
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106 Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic Unknown Suspected 7000 BCE  6600 BCE
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107 Konya Plain - Early Neolithic Absent Confident 9600 BCE  7000 BCE
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108 Rome - Republic of St Peter II Present Inferred 904 CE  1198 CE
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109 Papal States - High Medieval Period Present Inferred 1198 CE  1309 CE
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110 Papal States - Early Modern Period II Present Inferred 1648 CE  1809 CE
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111 Papal States - Renaissance Period Present Inferred 1378 CE  1527 CE
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112 Khmer Kingdom Present Confident 1432 CE  1594 CE
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113 Monte Alban V Absent Confident 900 CE  1520 CE
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114 Aztec Empire Present Confident 1427 CE  1526 CE
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115 Late Formative Basin of Mexico Present Confident 400 BCE  101 BCE
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116 Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico Present Confident 100 BCE  99 CE
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117 Toltecs Present Confident 900 CE  1199 CE
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118 Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic Unknown Suspected 7500 BCE  5500 BCE
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119 Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic Unknown Suspected 5500 BCE  4000 BCE
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120 Sakha - Late Present Confident 1632 CE  1900 CE
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121 Umayyad Caliphate Present Confident 661 CE  750 CE
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122 Byzantine Empire I Absent Confident 632 CE  866 CE
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123 Byzantine Empire III Absent Confident 1073 CE  1204 CE
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124 Konya Plain - Late Neolithic Absent Confident 6600 BCE  6000 BCE
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125 Ottoman Empire II Present Confident 1517 CE  1683 CE
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126 Samanid Empire Unknown Suspected 819 CE  999 CE
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127 Timurid Empire Unknown Suspected 1370 CE  1526 CE
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128 Hephthalite Empire Present Confident 408 CE  561 CE
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129 Eastern Han Empire Present Confident 25 CE  220 CE
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130 Western Jin Present Confident 265 CE  317 CE
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131 Hmong - Early Chinese Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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132 Jin Dynasty Present Confident 1115 CE  1234 CE
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133 Great Ming Present Confident 1368 CE  1644 CE
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134 Northern Song Present Confident 960 CE  1127 CE
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135 Early Qing Present Confident 1644 CE  1796 CE
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136 Tang Dynasty I Present Confident 617 CE  763 CE
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137 Tang Dynasty II Present Confident 763 CE  907 CE
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138 Shuar - Colonial Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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139 Shuar - Ecuadorian Absent Confident 1831 CE  1931 CE
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140 Naqada I Unknown Suspected 3800 BCE  3550 BCE
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141 Byzantine Empire II Absent Confident 867 CE  1072 CE
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142 East Francia Present Confident 842 CE  919 CE
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143 Ottoman Empire IV Present Confident 1839 CE  1922 CE
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144 Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period Present Confident 1820 CE  1898 CE
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145 Naqada II Unknown Suspected 3550 BCE  3300 BCE
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146 Yehuda Present Inferred 141 BCE  63 BCE
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147 Ottoman Emirate Present Confident 1299 CE  1402 CE
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148 Ottoman Empire I Present Confident 1402 CE  1517 CE
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149 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late Present Confident 1714 CE  1848 CE
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150 Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty Absent Confident 1637 CE  1805 CE
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151 Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period Present Confident 1293 BCE  1070 BCE
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152 Akan - Pre-Ashanti Present Inferred 1501 CE  1701 CE
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153 Susa II Present Inferred 3800 BCE  3100 BCE
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154 Susa III Present Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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155 Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II Present Confident 1776 CE  1917 CE
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156 Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I Present Confident 1614 CE  1775 CE
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157 Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty Unknown Suspected 919 CE  1125 CE
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158 Sakha - Early Absent Inferred 1400 CE  1632 CE
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159 Ashanti Empire Present Confident 1701 CE  1895 CE
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160 Iban - Pre-Brooke Present Confident 1650 CE  1841 CE
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161 Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial Present Confident 1841 CE  1987 CE
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162 Early A'chik Absent Confident 1775 CE  1867 CE
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163 Icelandic Commonwealth Unknown Confident 930 CE  1262 CE
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164 Papal States - Early Modern Period I Present Confident 1527 CE  1648 CE
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165 Late A'chik Present Confident 1867 CE  1956 CE
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166 Elam - Awan Dynasty I Present Inferred 2675 BCE  2100 BCE
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167 Elam - Kidinuid Period Present Inferred 1500 BCE  1400 BCE
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168 Elam - Igihalkid Period Present Inferred 1399 BCE  1200 BCE
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169 Elam II Present Inferred 743 BCE  647 BCE
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170 Elam III Present Inferred 612 BCE  539 BCE
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171 Parthian Empire I Unknown Suspected 247 BCE  40 CE
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172 Monte Alban II Absent Confident 100 BCE  200 CE
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173 Parthian Empire II Unknown Suspected 41 CE  226 CE
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174 Elam - Early Sukkalmah Present Inferred 1900 BCE  1701 BCE
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175 Elam - Late Sukkalmah Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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176 Lombard Kingdom Unknown Suspected 568 CE  774 CE
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177 Us Reconstruction-Progressive Unknown Suspected 1866 CE  1933 CE
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178 Japan - Middle Jomon Present Inferred 3500 BCE  2500 BCE
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179 Kansai - Yayoi Period Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  250 CE
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180 Classical Angkor Present Confident 1100 CE  1220 CE
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181 Early Angkor Present Confident 802 CE  1100 CE
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182 Late Angkor Present Confident 1220 CE  1432 CE
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183 Early Mongols Absent Confident 1000 CE  1206 CE
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184 Early Monte Alban I Absent Confident 500 BCE  300 BCE
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185 Monte Alban Late I Absent Confident 300 BCE  100 BCE
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186 Monte Alban III Absent Confident 200 CE  500 CE
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187 Monte Alban IIIB and IV Absent Confident 500 CE  900 CE
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188 Archaic Basin of Mexico Present Confident 6000 BCE  2001 BCE
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189 Epiclassic Basin of Mexico Present Confident 650 CE  899 CE
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190 Early Formative Basin of Mexico Present Confident 1200 BCE  801 BCE
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191 Middle Formative Basin of Mexico Present Confident 800 BCE  401 BCE
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192 Initial Formative Basin of Mexico Present Confident 2000 BCE  1201 BCE
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193 Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico Present Confident 1200 CE  1426 CE
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194 Oaxaca - Rosario Absent Inferred 700 BCE  500 BCE
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195 Oaxaca - Tierras Largas Unknown Suspected 1400 BCE  1150 BCE
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196 Antebellum US Unknown Suspected 1776 CE  1865 CE
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197 Khwarezmid Empire Unknown Suspected 1157 CE  1231 CE
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198 Kingdom of Norway II Unknown Confident 1262 CE  1396 CE
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199 Cuzco - Late Intermediate I Absent Inferred 1000 CE  1250 CE
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200 Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial Present Confident 1734 CE  1883 CE
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201 Orokaiva - Colonial Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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202 Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic Unknown Suspected 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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203 Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period Unknown Suspected 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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204 Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period Unknown Suspected 3200 BCE  2500 BCE
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205 Late Cappadocia Unknown Suspected 330 BCE  16 CE
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206 Hatti - New Kingdom Absent Confident 1400 BCE  1180 BCE
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207 Early Illinois Confederation Present Confident 1640 CE  1717 CE
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208 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early Present Confident 1566 CE  1713 CE
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209 Foys Present Confident 1715 CE  1894 CE
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210 Plantagenet England Present Confident 1154 CE  1485 CE
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211 Chaco Canyon - Late Bonito phase Present Confident 1101 CE  1140 CE
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212 Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I Present Confident 1454 CE  1648 CE
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213 Saffarid Caliphate Unknown Suspected 861 CE  1003 CE
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214 Chalukyas of Badami Uncoded Undecided 543 CE  753 CE
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215 Durrani Empire Uncoded Undecided 1747 CE  1826 CE
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216 Chalukyas of Kalyani Uncoded Undecided 973 CE  1189 CE
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217 Deccan - Neolithic Uncoded Undecided 2700 BCE  1200 BCE
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218 Early Roman Republic Uncoded Undecided 509 BCE  264 BCE
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219 Kushan Empire Uncoded Undecided 35 CE  319 CE
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220 Early Wei Dynasty Uncoded Undecided 445 BCE  225 BCE
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221 Erligang Uncoded Undecided 1650 BCE  1250 BCE
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222 Jin Uncoded Undecided 780 BCE  404 BCE
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223 Rashtrakuta Empire Uncoded Undecided 753 CE  973 CE
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224 Kalingga Kingdom Uncoded Undecided 500 CE  732 CE
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225 Latium - Bronze Age Uncoded Undecided 1800 BCE  900 BCE
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226 Latium - Copper Age Uncoded Undecided 3600 BCE  1800 BCE
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227 Republic of St Peter I Uncoded Undecided 752 CE  904 CE
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228 Latium - Iron Age Uncoded Undecided 1000 BCE  580 BCE
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229 Longshan Uncoded Undecided 3000 BCE  1900 BCE
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230 Lysimachus Kingdom Uncoded Undecided 323 BCE  281 BCE
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231 Roman Kingdom Uncoded Undecided 716 BCE  509 BCE
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232 Mahajanapada era Uncoded Undecided 600 BCE  324 BCE
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233 Qin Empire Present Confident 338 BCE  207 BCE
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234 Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia Uncoded Undecided 2000 BCE  1700 BCE
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235 Macedonian Empire Present Confident 330 BCE  312 BCE
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236 Oaxaca - San Jose Uncoded Undecided 1150 BCE  700 BCE
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237 Phrygian Kingdom Uncoded Undecided 900 BCE  695 BCE
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238 Rum Sultanate Uncoded Undecided 1077 CE  1307 CE
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239 Tairona Uncoded Undecided 1050 CE  1524 CE
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240 Western Zhou Uncoded Undecided 1122 BCE  771 BCE
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241 Yangshao Uncoded Undecided 5000 BCE  3000 BCE
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242 Songhai Empire Present Confident 1376 CE  1493 CE
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243 Greco-Bactrian Kingdom Unknown Suspected 256 BCE  125 BCE
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