Section: Luxury Goods
Variable: Luxury Manufactured Goods (All coded records)
This variable tracks the production and distribution of luxury manufactured goods in historical polities. It includes data on: artisan-produced items known for exceptional craftsmanship, their materials and designs, and their use by different societal groups. This variable sheds light on the role of high-quality manufactured goods in ancient economies and social hierarchies.  

140 Luxury Manufactured Goods Records
 Polity    Coded Value / Tags   Year(s)
Early Qing
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance British Empire I Early Qing French Kingdom - Late Bourbon
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
1644 CE  1796 CE
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Late Qing
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Late Qing
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
1796 CE  1912 CE
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Aztec Empire
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Aztec Empire
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Present
1427 CE  1526 CE
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Hawaii II
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Present
Place(s) of Provenance Hawaii II
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
1200 CE  1580 CE
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Hawaii III
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Present
Place(s) of Provenance Hawaii III
Consumption by Ruler Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
1580 CE  1778 CE
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Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period foreign
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Present
1778 CE  1819 CE
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Oneota
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Oneota
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1400 CE  1650 CE
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Ayutthaya
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Dutch Empire
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Absent
1593 CE  1767 CE
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Chuuk - Early Truk
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Chuuk - Early Truk Germany
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1775 CE  1886 CE
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Chuuk - Late Truk
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Chuuk - Early Truk Germany Japan
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1886 CE  1948 CE
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Inca Empire
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Inca Empire
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1375 CE  1532 CE
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Spanish Empire I
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Spanish Empire I foreign
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1516 CE  1715 CE
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Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1714 CE  1848 CE
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Early A'chik
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1775 CE  1867 CE
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Late A'chik
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1867 CE  1956 CE
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Akan - Pre-Ashanti
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance foreign
1501 CE  1701 CE
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Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic foreign
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
7500 BCE  5500 BCE
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Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
5500 BCE  4000 BCE
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Kachi Plain - Urban Period I
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Kachi Plain - Urban Period I
2500 BCE  2100 BCE
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Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Indo-Greek Kingdom
Luxury Manufactured Goods Uncoded
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
180 BCE  10 BCE
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Kushan Empire
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance foreign
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
35 CE  319 CE
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Hephthalite Empire
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance East Roman Empire Gupta Empire Northern Wei Sasanid Empire II
408 CE  561 CE
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Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period
854 CE  1193 CE
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Ghur Principality
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
1025 CE  1215 CE
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Delhi Sultanate
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Delhi Sultanate
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1206 CE  1526 CE
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Durrani Empire
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Present
Place(s) of Provenance Durrani Empire
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1747 CE  1826 CE
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Warring States Japan
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Portuguese Empire - Renaissance Period Warring States Japan
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1467 CE  1568 CE
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Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama Spanish Empire II
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Absent
1568 CE  1603 CE
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Tokugawa Shogunate
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Tokugawa Shogunate
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Transitional (Absent -> Present)
1603 CE  1868 CE
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Iban - Pre-Brooke
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Present
Place(s) of Provenance Iban - Pre-Brooke
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1650 CE  1841 CE
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Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
Consumption by Common People Present
1841 CE  1987 CE
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Ottoman Empire II
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Ottoman Empire II Republic of Venice IV
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1517 CE  1683 CE
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Ottoman Empire IV
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance British Empire France
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1839 CE  1922 CE
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Papal States - Renaissance Period
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1378 CE  1527 CE
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Papal States - Early Modern Period I
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1527 CE  1648 CE
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Papal States - Early Modern Period II
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Papal States - Early Modern Period II
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1648 CE  1809 CE
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Shuar - Colonial
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Shuar - Colonial
1534 CE  1830 CE
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Shuar - Ecuadorian
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Shuar - Ecuadorian foreign
1831 CE  1931 CE
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Egypt - Saite Period
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Egypt - Saite Period foreign
664 BCE  525 BCE
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Mali Empire
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Mali Empire foreign
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1230 CE  1410 CE
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Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1412 CE  1517 CE
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Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance North Africa
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1493 CE  1591 CE
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Jin
Luxury Manufactured Goods Uncoded
Consumption by Ruler Present
780 BCE  404 BCE
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Great Yuan
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Present
1271 CE  1368 CE
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Great Ming
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
1368 CE  1644 CE
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Early Merovingian
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
481 CE  543 CE
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Middle Merovingian
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance East Roman Empire
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Present
543 CE  687 CE
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Carolingian Empire I
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
752 CE  840 CE
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Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Present
256 BCE  125 BCE
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Ayyubid Sultanate
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Ayyubid Sultanate foreign
Consumption by Ruler Present
1171 CE  1250 CE
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Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Sharifate of Mecca
Consumption by Ruler Present
1454 CE  1517 CE
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Safavid Empire
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance foreign
1501 CE  1722 CE
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Gupta Empire
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Gupta Empire
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
320 CE  550 CE
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Pala Empire
Luxury Manufactured Goods Uncoded
Place(s) of Provenance Pala Empire
750 CE  1174 CE
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Chola Empire
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Present
Place(s) of Provenance Northern Song
Consumption by Ruler Present
849 CE  1280 CE
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Bengal Sultanate
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1338 CE  1538 CE
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Saadi Sultanate
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Present
Place(s) of Provenance Europe
1554 CE  1659 CE
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Bamana kingdom
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1712 CE  1861 CE
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Neguanje
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Elite Present
250 CE  1050 CE
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Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Present
Place(s) of Provenance Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1734 CE  1883 CE
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Orokaiva - Colonial
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Orokaiva - Colonial British Empire Australia
Consumption by Common People Present
1884 CE  1942 CE
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Proto-French Kingdom
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Absent
987 CE  1150 CE
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French Kingdom - Late Capetian
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Provence
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Absent
1150 CE  1328 CE
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French Kingdom - Early Bourbon
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance French Kingdom - Early Bourbon
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Present
1589 CE  1660 CE
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French Kingdom - Late Bourbon
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Present
1660 CE  1815 CE
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Hmong - Late Qing
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Absent
1701 CE  1895 CE
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Hmong - Early Chinese
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Absent
1895 CE  1941 CE
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Qajar Dynasty
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Yemen - Ottoman period Russia
1794 CE  1925 CE
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Egypt - Kushite Period
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Egypt - Kushite Period
747 BCE  656 BCE
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Monte Alban V
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Monte Alban V
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Absent
900 CE  1520 CE
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Cwezi Dynasty
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Imamate of Oman and Muscat
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1450 CE  1699 CE
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Bito Dynasty
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Imamate of Oman and Muscat Shaba Uvira
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1700 CE  1894 CE
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Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1637 CE  1805 CE
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Republic of Venice IV
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1564 CE  1797 CE
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British Empire I
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance British Empire I
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1690 CE  1849 CE
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Kaabu
Luxury Manufactured Goods Suspected Unknown
Place(s) of Provenance suspected unknown
Consumption by Ruler Suspected Unknown
1500 CE 1600 CE
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Kaabu
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
1600 CE 1700 CE
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Kaabu
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Present
Place(s) of Provenance suspected unknown Europe
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
1700 CE 1867 CE
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Middle and Late Nok
Luxury Manufactured Goods Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Ruler Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Elite Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Common People Suspected Unknown
1500 BCE  901 BCE
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West Burkina Faso Yellow I
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Absent
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Absent
Consumption by Elite Inferred Absent
Consumption by Common People Inferred Absent
100 CE  500 CE
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Middle and Late Nok
Luxury Manufactured Goods Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Ruler Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Elite Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Common People Suspected Unknown
900 BCE  0 CE
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West Burkina Faso Red II and III
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Absent
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Absent
Consumption by Elite Inferred Absent
Consumption by Common People Inferred Absent
1100 CE  1400 CE
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West Burkina Faso Red IV
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Absent
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Absent
Consumption by Elite Inferred Absent
Consumption by Common People Inferred Absent
1401 CE  1500 CE
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West Burkina Faso Red I
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Absent
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Absent
Consumption by Elite Inferred Absent
Consumption by Common People Inferred Absent
701 CE  1100 CE
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Sape
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Sape
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
1400 CE  1550 CE
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West Burkina Faso Yellow II
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Absent
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Absent
Consumption by Elite Inferred Absent
Consumption by Common People Inferred Absent
501 CE  700 CE
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Kingdom of Jimma
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Kingdom of Jimma Ethiopian Kingdom
Consumption by Ruler Present
1790 CE  1932 CE
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Tunni Sultanate
Luxury Manufactured Goods Suspected Unknown
Place(s) of Provenance suspected unknown
Consumption by Ruler Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Elite Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Common People Suspected Unknown
800 CE  1200 CE
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Ajuran Sultanate
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
1250 CE  1700 CE
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Kingdom of Gomma
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Present
Place(s) of Provenance Kingdom of Jimma
1780 CE  1886 CE
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Ifat Sultanate
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1280 CE  1375 CE
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Medri Bahri
Luxury Manufactured Goods Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Ruler Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Elite Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Common People Suspected Unknown
1310 CE  1889 CE
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Kingdom of Kaffa
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Present
Place(s) of Provenance Kingdom of Jimma
1390 CE  1897 CE
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Kingdom of Gumma
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Present
Place(s) of Provenance Kingdom of Jimma
1800 CE  1897 CE
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Emirate of Harar
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Transitional (Absent -> Present)
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1650 CE 1799 CE
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Emirate of Harar
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Present
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1800 CE 1875 CE
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Allada
Luxury Manufactured Goods Suspected Unknown
Place(s) of Provenance British Empire I Dutch Empire French Kingdom - Late Bourbon Portuguese Empire - Early Modern
Consumption by Ruler Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Elite Suspected Unknown
1100 CE 1650 CE
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Allada
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance British Empire I Dutch Empire French Kingdom - Late Bourbon Portuguese Empire - Early Modern
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1651 CE 1724 CE
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Igodomingodo
Luxury Manufactured Goods Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Ruler Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Elite Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Common People Suspected Unknown
900 CE  1450 CE
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Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance British Empire I Dutch Empire Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1601 CE  1835 CE
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Whydah
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance domestic foreign
Consumption by Ruler Present
1671 CE  1727 CE
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Oyo
Luxury Manufactured Goods Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Ruler Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Elite Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Common People Suspected Unknown
1300 CE  1535 CE
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Igala
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
1600 CE  1900 CE
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Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì
Luxury Manufactured Goods Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Ruler Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Elite Suspected Unknown
1043 CE 1650 CE
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Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance British Empire I Dutch Empire French Kingdom - Late Bourbon Portuguese Empire - Early Modern
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1651 CE 1911 CE
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Hausa bakwai
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Hausa bakwai
900 CE  1808 CE
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Kingdom of Cayor
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance French Kingdom - Late Bourbon Kingdom of Cayor Napoleonic France
Consumption by Elite Present
1816 CE 1864 CE
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Kingdom of Saloum
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance French Kingdom - Late Bourbon Kingdom of Saloum Napoleonic France
Consumption by Elite Present
1816 CE 1863 CE
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Kingdom of Baol
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance French Kingdom - Late Bourbon Kingdom of Baol Modern France I Napoleonic France
Consumption by Elite Present
1870 CE 1890 CE
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Kingdom of Sine
Luxury Manufactured Goods Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Elite Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Common People Transitional (Absent -> Present)
1350 CE 1599 CE
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Kingdom of Sine
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance French Kingdom - Late Bourbon Kingdom of Sine Modern France I Napoleonic France
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Transitional (Absent -> Present)
1700 CE 1887 CE
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Kingdom of Waalo
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Kingdom of Saloum Napoleonic France
Consumption by Elite Present
1818 CE 1855 CE
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Denyanke Kingdom
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Denyanke Kingdom French Kingdom - Late Bourbon
Consumption by Elite Present
1660 CE 1776 CE
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Kingdom of Jolof
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance French Kingdom - Late Bourbon Kingdom of Jolof Napoleonic France
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1816 CE 1865 CE
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Buganda II
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Bito Dynasty Karagwe
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1717 CE  1894 CE
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Toro
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Imamate of Oman and Muscat Shaba Uvira
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1830 CE  1896 CE
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Buganda I
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Imamate of Oman and Muscat Shaba Uvira
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1408 CE  1716 CE
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Karagwe
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Imamate of Oman and Muscat
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1500 CE  1916 CE
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Kingdom of Nyinginya
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Imamate of Oman and Muscat Shaba Uvira
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1650 CE  1897 CE
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Kingdom of Nyinginya
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Absent
1650 CE  1897 CE
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Nkore
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Imamate of Oman and Muscat Shaba Uvira
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1450 CE  1749 CE
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Ndorwa
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Absent
1700 CE  1800 CE
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Burundi
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Burundi
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Absent
1680 CE  1903 CE
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Mubari
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Absent
1700 CE  1896 CE
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Gisaka
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Absent
1700 CE  1867 CE
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Bugesera
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Absent
1700 CE  1799 CE
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Nkore
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Imamate of Oman and Muscat Shaba Uvira
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1750 CE  1901 CE
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Buhaya
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Imamate of Oman and Muscat Shaba Uvira
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Present
1700 CE  1890 CE
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Early Cholas
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Present
Place(s) of Provenance Roman Empire - Principate
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Absent
300 BCE  300 CE
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Early Pandyas
Luxury Manufactured Goods Inferred Present
Place(s) of Provenance Roman Empire - Principate
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
Consumption by Elite Inferred Present
Consumption by Common People Inferred Absent
300 BCE  300 CE
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Nayaks of Thanjavur
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Dutch Empire Nayaks of Thanjavur
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1532 CE  1676 CE
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Portuguese Empire - Renaissance Period
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Portuguese Empire - Renaissance Period foreign
1495 CE  1579 CE
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Portuguese Empire - Early Modern
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Portuguese Empire - Early Modern foreign
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1640 CE  1806 CE
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Classic Tana
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
1000 CE  1498 CE
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Early East Africa Iron Age
Luxury Manufactured Goods Suspected Unknown
Place(s) of Provenance suspected unknown
Consumption by Ruler Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Elite Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Common People Suspected Unknown
200 CE  499 CE
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Chandra Dynasty
Luxury Manufactured Goods Suspected Unknown
Place(s) of Provenance suspected unknown
Consumption by Ruler Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Elite Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Common People Suspected Unknown
900 CE  1050 CE
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Nawabs of Bengal
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance Nawabs of Bengal
Consumption by Ruler Present
Consumption by Elite Present
1717 CE  1757 CE
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Magadha - Kanva Dynasty
Luxury Manufactured Goods Suspected Unknown
Place(s) of Provenance suspected unknown
Consumption by Ruler Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Elite Suspected Unknown
Consumption by Common People Suspected Unknown
75 BCE  30 BCE
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Sena Dynasty
Luxury Manufactured Goods Present
Place(s) of Provenance inferred present
Consumption by Ruler Inferred Present
1095 CE  1245 CE
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