Objects

and 39 more... in 10 Macro Regions.

857 Polities

Khanate of Bukhara (in: Turkestan) 1599 CE 1747 CE

Beaker Culture (in: Western Europe) 3200 BCE 2000 BCE

Utpala Dynasty (in: North India) 855 CE 1003 CE

Late Classic Tikal (in: Mexico) 555 CE 869 CE

British East India Company (in: Eastern India) 1757 CE 1858 CE

Early A'chik (in: Eastern India) 1775 CE 1867 CE

Wukari Federation (in: West Africa) 1820 CE 1899 CE

Classical Crete (in: Southeastern Europe) 500 BCE 323 BCE

and 849 more... in 47 Seshat Regions.

Seshat

General Variables

26

variables

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

8861

datapoints

Alternative Name (Identity and Location)

Polity Peak Years (Temporal Bounds)

Polity Capital (Identity and Location)

Polity Language (Language)

Polity Religion (Religion)

Degree of Centralization (Temporal Bounds)

Succeeding Entity (Supra-cultural relations)

Relationship to Preceding Entity (Supra-cultural relations)

and 18 more... for 532 Polities

Social Complexity Variables

77

variables

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

20691

datapoints

Polity Territory (Social Scale)

Polity Population (Social Scale)

Settlement Hierarchy (Hierarchical Complexity)

Irrigation System (Specialized Buildings: polity owned)

Merit Promotion (Bureaucracy Characteristics)

Formal Legal Code (Law)

Road (Transport Infrastructure)

Postal Station (Information / Postal System)

and 69 more... for 510 Polities

Warfare Variables

49

variables

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

17533

datapoints

Bronze (Military use of Metals)

Javelin (Projectiles)

Battle Axe (Handheld Weapons)

Sword (Handheld Weapons)

Horse (Animals used in warfare)

Small Vessels (canoes, etc) (Naval technology)

Shield (Armor)

Wooden Palisade (Fortifications)

and 41 more... for 375 Polities

Human Sacrifice

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

357

datapoints

was Present: 1500 BCE 1400 BCE in Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II

was Absent: 867 CE 1072 CE in Byzantine Empire II

was Absent: 664 BCE 526 BCE in Egypt - Saite Period

was Present: 250 CE 537 CE in Kansai - Kofun Period

was Present: 1200 CE 1274 CE in Cahokia - Moorehead

was Absent: 6600 BCE 6001 BCE in Konya Plain - Late Neolithic

was Absent: 35 CE 230 CE in Kushan Empire

was Absent: 395 CE 457 CE in Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity

and 349 more... coded for 323 Polities

CrisisDB

Power Transitions

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

OT Overturn

PA Predecessor Assassination

IE Intra-Elite

MR Military Revolt

PU Popular Uprising

SR Separatist Rebellion

EV External Invasion

EF External Inteference

3449

transitions

1707 CE in Mughal Empire: Azam Shah Bahadur Shah I OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

249 CE 262 CE in Anurādhapura II: Gothabhaya Jetthatissa I OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

641 CE in Byzantine Empire I: Constantine III Heraclonas OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1361 CE 1365 CE in Republic of Venice III: Lorenzi Celsi Marco Cornaro OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

908 CE 929 CE in Abbasid Caliphate I: Al-Muqtadir Al-Qahir OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1247 CE 1290 CE in Hausa bakwai: Gugua Shekkarau OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1701 CE 1724 CE in Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì: Eze Nri Ezimilo Eze Nri Ewenetem OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

- in Magadha - Nanda Dynasty: Rashtrapala Govishanaka OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

and 3441 more... coded for 259 Polities

Crisis Consequences

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

169

cases

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

PD Population Decline

PC Population Collapse

EP Epidemic

DM Elite Downward Mobility

EX Elite Extermination

UP Uprising

RV Revolution

SR Successful Revolution

CW Civil War

C+ Lasted a Century +

FR Fragmentation

CL Capital Loss

EC External Conquest

RA Ruler Assassination

RD Ruler Depose

CC Constitution Change

LC Labor Change

UL Unfree Labor Change

SF Suffrage

PG Public Goods Change

RC Religion Change

1748 CE 1803 CE in Mughal Empire: Fragmentation of the Mughal Empire: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1325 CE 1361 CE in Chagatai Khanate: Fragmentation of Chagatai Khanate: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1000 CE 1056 CE in Icelandic Commonwealth: Conversion to Christianity: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

990 CE 1019 CE in Medang Kingdom: Unrest and Collapse of Medang: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1810 CE 1821 CE in Spanish Empire II: Mexican War of Independence: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV SR CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

306 CE 324 CE in Roman Empire - Dominate: Civil Wars of Tetrarchy: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1590 CE 1610 CE in Ottoman Empire II: First Jelali rebellion: PD PC EP DM EX UP SR CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

551 CE in Rouran Khaganate: Overthrow of Rouran Khaganate by Turkic peoples: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

and 161 more... coded for 153 Polities

🇺🇸 US Political Violence Database

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

1903

cases

July 1, 1884 lynching (extralegal) in Montana (MT), Crooked Creek: 5 were killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

May 17, 1984 terrorism () in Alaska (AK), Manley Hot Springs: 8 were killed. Source(s): TVPDB: The Violence Project database of mass shootings in the United States (Version 7)

July 1, 1857 lynching (extralegal) in Iowa (IA), Cedar: 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

Jan. 1, 1896 lynching (extralegal) in Louisiana (LA), Hahnville: 3 were killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

May 1, 1844 riot (ethnic) in Pennsylvania (PA), Philadelphia, Philadelphia: 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

Jan. 1, 1915 lynching (race) in Georgia (GA), Monticello: 4 were killed. Source(s): The New York Times

Jan. 1, 1908 lynching (extralegal) in Tennessee (TN), Montgomery: 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

Jan. 1, 2012 terrorism (work) in North Carolina (NC), Star: 4 were killed. Source(s): Reuters

and 1895 more...

Welcome to

Seshat: Global History Databank

✓ the most current and comprehensive body of knowledge about human history

✓ collects what is currently known about the social and political organization of human societies over time

✓ offers the means to study the past through well-established scientific techniques

✓ founded in 2011 and thriving ever since

Objects

47

Seshat Regions

857

Polities

Seshat

General Variables

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

Social Complexity Variables

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

Warfare Variables

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

Human Sacrifice

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

CrisisDB

Power Transitions

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

Crisis Consequences

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

🇺🇸 US Political Violence Database

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

Welcome to

Seshat: Global History Databank

✓ the most current and comprehensive body of knowledge about human history

✓ collects what is currently known about the social and political organization of human societies over time

✓ offers the means to study the past through well-established scientific techniques

✓ founded in 2011 and thriving ever since

Objects

Seshat

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

CrisisDB

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by: tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods