Objects

and 39 more... in 10 Macro Regions.

865 Polities

Late Angkor (in: Mainland) 1220 CE 1432 CE

Sakha - Early (in: Siberia) 1400 CE 1632 CE

Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic (in: Pakistan) 7500 BCE 5500 BCE

Iran Pahlavi Dynasty (in: Iran) 1926 CE 1979 CE

Funj Sultanate (in: East Africa) 1504 CE 1820 CE

Pandya Empire (in: Southern South Asia) 1216 CE 1323 CE

Principality of Wallachia I (in: Eastern Europe) 1330 CE 1416 CE

Kanem-Borno (in: West Africa) 1380 CE 1893 CE

and 857 more... in 47 Seshat Regions.

Seshat

General Variables

26

variables

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

8862

datapoints

Alternative Name (Identity and Location)

Polity Peak Years (Temporal Bounds)

Polity Capital (Identity and Location)

Polity Language (Language)

Polity Religion (Religion)

Degree of Centralization (Temporal Bounds)

Succeeding Entity (Supra-cultural relations)

Relationship to Preceding Entity (Supra-cultural relations)

and 18 more... for 532 Polities

Social Complexity Variables

77

variables

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

20691

datapoints

Polity Territory (Social Scale)

Polity Population (Social Scale)

Settlement Hierarchy (Hierarchical Complexity)

Irrigation System (Specialized Buildings: polity owned)

Merit Promotion (Bureaucracy Characteristics)

Formal Legal Code (Law)

Road (Transport Infrastructure)

Postal Station (Information / Postal System)

and 69 more... for 510 Polities

Warfare Variables

49

variables

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

17533

datapoints

Bronze (Military use of Metals)

Javelin (Projectiles)

Battle Axe (Handheld Weapons)

Sword (Handheld Weapons)

Horse (Animals used in warfare)

Small Vessels (canoes, etc) (Naval technology)

Shield (Armor)

Wooden Palisade (Fortifications)

and 41 more... for 375 Polities

Human Sacrifice

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

357

datapoints

was Absent: 1400 CE 1639 CE in Oneota

was Absent: 1421 CE 1516 CE in Ottoman Empire I

was Present: 907 CE 1125 CE in Khitan I

was Unknown: 400 CE 899 CE in Jenne-jeno III

was Absent: 1292 CE 1518 CE in Majapahit Kingdom

was Absent: 129 BCE 29 CE in Tocharians

was Absent: 757 CE 973 CE in Rashtrakuta Empire

was Present: 1250 BCE 1123 BCE in Late Shang

and 349 more... coded for 323 Polities

CrisisDB

Power Transitions

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

OT Overturn

PA Predecessor Assassination

IE Intra-Elite

MR Military Revolt

PU Popular Uprising

SR Separatist Rebellion

EV External Invasion

EF External Inteference

3449

transitions

741 CE in Byzantine Empire I: Constantine V Artavasdus OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1889 CE 1894 CE in Foys: Behanzin end of polity OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

453 CE 464 CE in Western Jin: Xiaowu of (Liu) Song Emperor Qianfei (Liu Ziye, Former Deposed Emperor of Liu Song) OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

63 BCE 40 BCE in Yehuda: Hyrcanus II Antigonus II OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

717 CE 741 CE in Byzantine Empire I: Leo III, the Syrian Constantine V OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1427 BCE 1400 BCE in Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period: Amenhotep II / Aakheperura Thutmose IV / Menkheperura OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1267 BCE 1237 BCE in Hatti - New Kingdom: Hattusili III Tudhaliya IV OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1408 CE 1412 CE in Late Mongols: Öljei Temür Dalbag OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

and 3441 more... coded for 259 Polities

Crisis Consequences

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

169

cases

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

PD Population Decline

PC Population Collapse

EP Epidemic

DM Elite Downward Mobility

EX Elite Extermination

UP Uprising

RV Revolution

SR Successful Revolution

CW Civil War

C+ Lasted a Century +

FR Fragmentation

CL Capital Loss

EC External Conquest

RA Ruler Assassination

RD Ruler Depose

CC Constitution Change

LC Labor Change

UL Unfree Labor Change

SF Suffrage

PG Public Goods Change

RC Religion Change

1524 CE 1589 CE in Safavid Empire: Sixteenth-century crisis in the Safavid Empire: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1917 CE 1923 CE in Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II: Russian Revolution and Civil War: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV SR CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

111 BCE 102 BCE in Western Han Empire: Series of Uprising, Revolts and Invasions: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

904 CE 1003 CE in Saffarid Caliphate: Civil War and downfall of Saffarids: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1838 CE 1858 CE in Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial: Colonial occupation of Sarawak by the Brooke family ("White Rajahs"): PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1000 CE 1150 CE in Late Tiwanaku: Collapse of Tiwanaku Empire: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV SR CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

74 BCE 63 BCE in Hellenistic Crete: Mithridatic Wars: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

11 BCE 9 CE in Western Han Empire: Rebellions and Wang Mang usurpation: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

and 161 more... coded for 153 Polities

🇺🇸 US Political Violence Database

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

1903

cases

Sept. 1, 1794 riot (political) in Pennsylvania (PA), Myerstown: 1 was killed. Source(s): Wikipedia

Jan. 1, 1916 riot (religion) in Pennsylvania (PA), Pittston: 3 were killed. Source(s): Hartford Daily Courant Or The Hartford Courant

Aug. 1, 1842 riot (ethnic) in Ohio (OH), Cincinnati: 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

Sept. 1, 1868 lynching (race) in Georgia (GA), Jefferson: 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

June 1, 1847 riot (race) in Pennsylvania (PA), Carlisle: 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

July 1, 2008 assassination (ethnic) in Pennsylvania (PA), Shenandoah: 1 was killed. Source(s): The New York Times

Dec. 1, 1969 riot (race) in Pennsylvania (PA), York: 2 were killed. Source(s): The New York Times

Aug. 1, 1999 riot (prison) in New Mexico (NM), Santa Rosa: 1 was killed. Source(s): The New York Times

and 1895 more...

Welcome to

Seshat: Global History Databank

✓ the most current and comprehensive body of knowledge about human history

✓ collects what is currently known about the social and political organization of human societies over time

✓ offers the means to study the past through well-established scientific techniques

✓ founded in 2011 and thriving ever since

Objects

47

Seshat Regions

865

Polities

Seshat

General Variables

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

Social Complexity Variables

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

Warfare Variables

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

Human Sacrifice

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

CrisisDB

Power Transitions

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

Crisis Consequences

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

🇺🇸 US Political Violence Database

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

Welcome to

Seshat: Global History Databank

✓ the most current and comprehensive body of knowledge about human history

✓ collects what is currently known about the social and political organization of human societies over time

✓ offers the means to study the past through well-established scientific techniques

✓ founded in 2011 and thriving ever since

Objects

Seshat

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

CrisisDB

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by: tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods