Section: Social Complexity
Subsection: Transport infrastructure

Port

Talking about transport infrastructure, ports include river ports. direct historical or archaeological evidence of ports is absent when no port has been excavated or all evidence of such has been obliterated. indirect historical or archaeological data is absent when there is no evidence that suggests that the polity engaged in maritime or riverine trade, conflict, or transportation, such as evidence of merchant shipping, administrative records of customs duties, or evidence that at the same period of time a trading relation in the region had a port (for example, due to natural processes, there is little evidence of ancient ports in delta egypt at a time we know there was a timber trade with the levant). when evidence for the variable itself is available the code is 'present.' when other forms of evidence suggests the existence of the variable (or not) the code may be 'inferred present' (or 'inferred absent'). when indirect evidence is not available the code will be either absent, temporal uncertainty, suspected unknown, or unknown.   (See here)
Contributors:

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity ID
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Tag [Evidenced, Disputed, Suspected, Inferred, Unknown]
Verified A Seshat Expert has approved this piece of data.

Variable Definition
port The absence or presence of port for a polity.

# Polity Year(s) Port Description   Edit
151
(Pre-Ceramic Period)
Full Year Range of Pre-Ceramic Period is assumed.
[-7800, -7200]
unknown
None
152
(Papal States - Early Modern Period I)
Full Year Range of Papal States - Early Modern Period I is assumed.
[1527, 1648]
present
None
153
(Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity)
Full Year Range of Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity is assumed.
[395, 476]
present
None
154
(Kansai - Yayoi Period)
Full Year Range of Kansai - Yayoi Period is assumed.
[-300, 250]
absent
None
155
(Kara-Khanids)
Full Year Range of Kara-Khanids is assumed.
[950, 1212]
absent
None
156
(Andronovo)
Full Year Range of Andronovo is assumed.
[-1800, -1200]
unknown
None
157
(Jenne-jeno I)
Full Year Range of Jenne-jeno I is assumed.
[-250, 49]
unknown
None
158
(Jenne-jeno II)
Full Year Range of Jenne-jeno II is assumed.
[50, 399]
unknown
None
159
(Eastern Turk Khaganate)
Full Year Range of Eastern Turk Khaganate is assumed.
[583, 630]
unknown
None
160
(Ottoman Empire IV)
Full Year Range of Ottoman Empire IV is assumed.
[1839, 1922]
present
Istanbul Port (Constantinople Harbor): The principal port for trade, military activity, and passenger transport in the Ottoman Empir [İnalcık 2002]
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