Section: Religious Landscape
Variable: Syncretism Of Religious Practices At The Level Of Individual Believers (All coded records)
Coded to reflect the presence or absence of syncretism of religious practices at the individual level, this variable signifies whether believers combine or adopt practices from multiple religious traditions within the polity.  
Syncretism Of Religious Practices At The Level Of Individual Believers
#  Polity  Coded Value Tags Year(s) Edit Desc
1 Axum II present Inferred 300 CE 500 CE
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2 Axum II absent Inferred 501 CE 599 CE
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3 Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì unknown Suspected 1043 CE 1859 CE
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4 Benin Empire unknown Suspected 1140 CE 1400 CE
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5 Benin Empire absent Inferred 1401 CE 1897 CE
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6 Igala unknown Suspected 1500 CE 1799 CE
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7 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early absent Confident 1566 CE 1640 CE
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8 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early present Confident 1641 CE 1713 CE
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9 Aro unknown Suspected 1690 CE 1856 CE
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10 Igala present Confident 1800 CE 1900 CE
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11 Aro present Inferred 1857 CE 1902 CE
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12 Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì present Inferred 1860 CE 1911 CE
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13 Kalachuris of Kalyani present Confident 1157 CE 1184 CE
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14 Samanid Empire absent Inferred 819 CE 999 CE
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15 Sogdiana - City-States Period present Confident 604 CE 711 CE
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16 British East India Company present Confident 1757 CE 1858 CE
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17 Mali Empire present Confident 1230 CE 1410 CE
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18 Early Illinois Confederation present Confident 1640 CE 1717 CE
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19 Postpalatial Crete absent Inferred 1300 BCE 1200 BCE
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20 Oyo unknown Suspected 1300 CE 1535 CE
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21 Cuzco - Late Intermediate II unknown Suspected 1250 CE 1400 CE
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22 * Northern Song present Confident 960 CE 1127 CE
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23 * Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty present Confident 1493 CE 1591 CE
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24 Hoysala Kingdom present Confident 1108 CE 1346 CE
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25 Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́ unknown Suspected 1601 CE 1835 CE
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26 Cuzco - Late Formative unknown Suspected 500 BCE 200 CE
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27 Jaffna present Confident 1310 CE 1591 CE
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28 Prepalatial Crete unknown Suspected 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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29 * Inca Empire present Confident 1375 CE 1532 CE
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30 Kanem Empire unknown Suspected 850 CE 1380 CE
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31 * Kaabu present Confident 1500 CE 1867 CE
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32 Monopalatial Crete unknown Suspected 1450 BCE 1300 BCE
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33 West Burkina Faso Red I unknown Suspected 701 CE 1100 CE
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34 * Wari Empire present Inferred 650 CE 999 CE
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35 * Pandya Dynasty present Inferred 590 CE 915 CE
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36 Geometric Crete unknown Suspected 1000 BCE 710 BCE
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37 Proto-French Kingdom present Inferred 987 CE 1150 CE
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38 Portuguese Empire - Renaissance Period present Confident 1495 CE 1579 CE
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39 Ottoman Empire IV present Confident 1839 CE 1922 CE
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40 Xianbei Confederation unknown Suspected 100 CE 250 CE
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41 * Parthian Empire II present Inferred 41 CE 226 CE
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42 Classical Ife present Inferred 1000 CE 1400 CE
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43 Kingdom of Waalo present Confident 1287 CE 1855 CE
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44 Mane present Confident 1550 CE 1650 CE
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45 Proto-Yoruba unknown Suspected 301 CE 649 CE
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46 Rouran Khaganate unknown Suspected 300 CE 555 CE
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47 * Shoa Sultanate unknown Suspected 1108 CE 1285 CE
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48 Kingdom of Cayor present Confident 1549 CE 1864 CE
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49 Kushan Empire present Confident 35 CE 319 CE
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50 Hawaii I absent Inferred 1000 CE 1200 CE
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51 Isaaq Sultanate present Inferred 1300 CE 1886 CE
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52 Khitan I present Confident 907 CE 1125 CE
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53 * Toltecs present Inferred 900 CE 1199 CE
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54 Early Angkor present Confident 802 CE 1100 CE
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55 Neolithic Crete absent Inferred 7000 BCE 3000 BCE
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56 Byzantine Empire I present Confident 632 CE 866 CE
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57 Ethiopia Kingdom present Confident 1270 CE 1500 CE
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58 Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic unknown Suspected 5500 BCE 3000 BCE
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59 * Epiclassic Basin of Mexico present Inferred 650 CE 899 CE
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60 * Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico absent Inferred 1200 CE 1426 CE
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61 Western Han Empire present Confident 202 BCE 9 CE
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62 * Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico present Inferred 1200 CE 1426 CE
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63 Northern Wei present Confident 386 CE 534 CE
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64 Great Ming present Confident 1368 CE 1644 CE
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65 Yangshao unknown Suspected 5000 BCE 3000 BCE
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66 Western Zhou present Confident 1122 BCE 771 BCE
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67 Great Yuan present Confident 1271 CE 1368 CE
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68 * Classic Basin of Mexico present Inferred 100 CE 649 CE
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69 Early Qing present Confident 1644 CE 1796 CE
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70 Eastern Han Empire present Confident 25 CE 220 CE
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71 * Late Formative Basin of Mexico present Inferred 400 BCE 101 BCE
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72 * Middle Formative Basin of Mexico present Inferred 800 BCE 401 BCE
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73 Kanem unknown Suspected 800 CE 1379 CE
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74 Parthian Empire I present Inferred 247 BCE 40 CE
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75 Heian present Confident 794 CE 1185 CE
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76 Kamakura Shogunate present Confident 1185 CE 1333 CE
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77 Kansai - Kofun Period unknown Suspected 250 CE 537 CE
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78 Ashikaga Shogunate present Confident 1336 CE 1467 CE
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79 Jolof Empire absent Inferred 1360 CE 1549 CE
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80 Sur Empire present Confident 1540 CE 1556 CE
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81 Bengal Sultanate present Confident 1338 CE 1538 CE
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82 French Kingdom - Late Capetian present Confident 1150 CE 1328 CE
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83 Middle Merovingian present Inferred 543 CE 687 CE
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84 Deva Dynasty present Inferred 1150 CE 1300 CE
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85 * Aztec Empire present Inferred 1427 CE 1526 CE
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86 Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling present Inferred 1055 CE 1199 CE
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87 Fatimid Caliphate present Confident 909 CE 1171 CE
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88 Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty present Confident 730 CE 1030 CE
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89 Neolithic Middle Ganga present Confident 7000 BCE 3001 BCE
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90 Kampili Kingdom present Confident 1280 CE 1327 CE
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91 Kadamba Empire present Confident 345 CE 550 CE
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92 Vakataka Kingdom present Confident 255 CE 550 CE
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93 Chalukyas of Badami present Confident 543 CE 753 CE
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94 Rashtrakuta Empire present Confident 753 CE 973 CE
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95 Vijayanagara Empire present Confident 1336 CE 1646 CE
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96 Deccan - Neolithic unknown Suspected 2700 BCE 1200 BCE
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97 Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic unknown Confident 7500 BCE 5500 BCE
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98 Bamana kingdom present Confident 1712 CE 1861 CE
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99 Later Wagadu Empire present Confident 1078 CE 1203 CE
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100 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I unknown Suspected 750 CE 900 CE
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101 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II unknown Suspected 900 CE 1049 CE
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102 Cahokia - Late Woodland III unknown Suspected 600 CE 750 CE
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103 Chalukyas of Kalyani present Confident 973 CE 1189 CE
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104 Kannauj - Varman Dynasty present Confident 650 CE 780 CE
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105 Gahadavala Dynasty present Inferred 1085 CE 1193 CE
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106 Chalcolithic Middle Ganga unknown Suspected 3000 BCE 601 BCE
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107 Magadha present Confident 450 CE 605 CE
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108 Chola Empire present Confident 849 CE 1280 CE
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109 Kingdom of Jimma present Confident 1790 CE 1932 CE
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110 Classic Tana present Confident 1100 CE 1498 CE
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111 Dambadaneiya present Confident 1232 CE 1293 CE
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112 Polonnaruwa present Confident 1070 CE 1255 CE
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113 Anurādhapura I present Confident 300 BCE 70 CE
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114 Pandya Empire present Confident 1216 CE 1323 CE
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115 Anurādhapura II present Confident 70 CE 428 CE
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116 Anurādhapura III present Confident 428 CE 614 CE
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117 Anurādhapura IV present Confident 614 CE 1017 CE
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118 Early Modern Sierra Leone present Confident 1650 CE 1896 CE
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119 Foys present Inferred 1600 CE 1892 CE
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120 Fipa unknown Suspected 1600 CE 1890 CE
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121 Sultanate of Geledi present Inferred 1750 CE 1911 CE
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122 Hausa bakwai present Confident 900 CE 1808 CE
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123 West Burkina Faso Red II and III unknown Suspected 1100 CE 1400 CE
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124 Buganda absent Inferred 1700 CE 1894 CE
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125 Portuguese Empire - Early Modern present Confident 1640 CE 1806 CE
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126 Allada present Confident 1100 CE 1724 CE
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127 Middle and Late Nok absent Inferred 1500 BCE 901 BCE
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128 Whydah present Confident 1671 CE 1727 CE
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129 Kingdom of Kaffa present Confident 1390 CE 1897 CE
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130 Middle and Late Nok absent Inferred 900 BCE 0 CE
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131 Ottoman Emirate present Inferred 1299 CE 1402 CE
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132 Kingdom of Gomma present Confident 1780 CE 1886 CE
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133 Habr Yunis present Inferred 1300 CE 1886 CE
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134 Wattara Empire present Inferred 1710 CE 1895 CE
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135 Emirate of Harar present Confident 1650 CE 1875 CE
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136 Kingdom of Gumma present Confident 1800 CE 1897 CE
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137 Igodomingodo unknown Suspected 900 CE 1450 CE
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138 Early Tana 2 unknown Suspected 750 CE 1099 CE
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139 West Burkina Faso Yellow I unknown Suspected 100 CE 500 CE
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140 Early Tana 1 unknown Suspected 500 CE 749 CE
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141 Funj Sultanate present Confident 1504 CE 1820 CE
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142 Pre-Sape Sierra Leone unknown Suspected 600 CE 1400 CE
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143 Imamate of Futa Toro present Confident 1776 CE 1860 CE
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144 Proto-Yoruboid unknown Suspected 300 BCE 300 CE
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145 Buganda absent Inferred 1450 CE 1699 CE
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146 Kingdom of Baol present Confident 1550 CE 1890 CE
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147 Majeerteen Sultanate present Inferred 1750 CE 1926 CE
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148 Chenla present Confident 550 CE 825 CE
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149 Yemen Ziyad Dynasty unknown Suspected 822 CE 1037 CE
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150 Carnatic Sultanate present Confident 1710 CE 1801 CE
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151 East Roman Empire present Inferred 395 CE 631 CE
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152 Ottoman Empire II present Confident 1517 CE 1683 CE
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153 Ottoman Empire III present Confident 1683 CE 1839 CE
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154 Cuzco - Early Intermediate II unknown Suspected 500 CE 649 CE
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155 Lysimachus Kingdom present Inferred 323 BCE 281 BCE
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156 Kingdom of Lydia present Inferred 670 BCE 546 BCE
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157 Seljuk Sultanate present Confident 1037 CE 1157 CE
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158 Macedonian Empire present Confident 330 BCE 312 BCE
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159 Hatti - New Kingdom unknown Suspected 1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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160 Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period present Confident 1820 CE 1898 CE
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161 Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial absent Inferred 1734 CE 1883 CE
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162 Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy unknown Suspected 1300 CE 1565 CE
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163 Hmong - Early Chinese present Confident 1895 CE 1941 CE
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164 Hmong - Late Qing present Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
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165 Icelandic Commonwealth present Inferred 930 CE 1262 CE
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166 Chuuk - Early Truk absent Inferred 1775 CE 1886 CE
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167 Sakha - Late present Confident 1632 CE 1900 CE
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168 Iban - Pre-Brooke absent Inferred 1650 CE 1841 CE
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169 Early A'chik absent Inferred 1775 CE 1867 CE
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170 Western Jin present Confident 265 CE 317 CE
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171 Archaic Crete present Confident 710 BCE 500 BCE
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172 Longshan unknown Suspected 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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173 Egypt - Late Old Kingdom absent Confident 2350 BCE 2150 BCE
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174 Late Qing present Confident 1796 CE 1912 CE
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175 Sui Dynasty present Confident 581 CE 618 CE
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176 Tang Dynasty II present Confident 763 CE 907 CE
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177 Early Wei Dynasty present Confident 445 BCE 225 BCE
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178 Jin Dynasty present Confident 1115 CE 1234 CE
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179 Qin Empire present Confident 338 BCE 207 BCE
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180 Uigur Khaganate unknown Suspected 745 CE 840 CE
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181 Majapahit Kingdom present Inferred 1292 CE 1518 CE
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182 Mataram Sultanate present Confident 1568 CE 1755 CE
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183 Kediri Kingdom present Inferred 1049 CE 1222 CE
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184 Medang Kingdom present Confident 732 CE 1019 CE
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185 Tocharians present Inferred 129 BCE 29 CE
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186 Timurid Empire present Inferred 1370 CE 1526 CE
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187 Kara-Khanids present Inferred 950 CE 1212 CE
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188 Hawaii II absent Inferred 1200 CE 1580 CE
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189 Hawaii III absent Inferred 1580 CE 1778 CE
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190 Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period absent Inferred 1778 CE 1819 CE
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191 The Emirate of Crete present Inferred 824 CE 961 CE
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192 Hellenistic Crete present Inferred 323 BCE 69 BCE
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193 New Palace Crete present Inferred 1700 BCE 1450 BCE
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194 Delhi Sultanate present Inferred 1206 CE 1526 CE
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195 Yisrael present Inferred 1030 BCE 722 BCE
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196 Yehuda present Inferred 141 BCE 63 BCE
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197 Ptolemaic Kingdom I present Confident 305 BCE 217 BCE
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198 Final Postpalatial Crete present Inferred 1200 BCE 1000 BCE
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199 Indo-Greek Kingdom present Inferred 180 BCE 10 BCE
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200 Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period unknown Confident 3200 BCE 2500 BCE
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201 Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic unknown Confident 5500 BCE 4000 BCE
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202 Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic unknown Confident 4000 BCE 3200 BCE
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203 Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama present Confident 1568 CE 1603 CE
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204 Monte Alban III present Inferred 200 CE 500 CE
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205 Yadava-Varman Dynasty present Inferred 1080 CE 1150 CE
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206 Spanish Empire I present Confident 1516 CE 1715 CE
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207 Khadga Dynasty present Inferred 650 CE 700 CE
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208 Magadha - Kanva Dynasty present Inferred 75 BCE 30 BCE
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209 Sena Dynasty present Inferred 1095 CE 1245 CE
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210 Nawabs of Bengal present Confident 1717 CE 1757 CE
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211 Pala Empire present Inferred 750 CE 1174 CE
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212 Vanga Dynasty present Inferred 550 CE 600 CE
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213 Chandra Dynasty present Confident 900 CE 1050 CE
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214 Twelve Bhuyans present Confident 1538 CE 1612 CE
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215 British Empire I present Inferred 1690 CE 1849 CE
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216 Gangaridai present Inferred 300 BCE 100 BCE
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217 Gauda Kingdom present Inferred 600 CE 625 CE
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218 Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom absent Confident 2650 BCE 2350 BCE
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219 Proto-Carolingian present Confident 687 CE 751 CE
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220 Early Merovingian present Confident 481 CE 543 CE
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221 French Kingdom - Early Valois present Confident 1328 CE 1450 CE
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222 Carolingian Empire II present Confident 840 CE 987 CE
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223 Carolingian Empire I present Confident 752 CE 840 CE
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224 Egypt - Period of the Regions absent Confident 2150 BCE 2016 BCE
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225 French Kingdom - Late Bourbon present Confident 1660 CE 1815 CE
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226 Initial Formative Basin of Mexico unknown Suspected 2000 BCE 1201 BCE
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227 Archaic Basin of Mexico unknown Suspected 6000 BCE 2001 BCE
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228 Elymais II present Inferred 25 CE 215 CE
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229 * Sasanid Empire I present Inferred 205 CE 487 CE
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230 Umayyad Caliphate present Inferred 661 CE 750 CE
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231 Neo-Assyrian Empire present Inferred 911 BCE 612 BCE
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232 Kalabhra Dynasty present Inferred 200 CE 600 CE
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233 Nayaks of Madurai present Confident 1529 CE 1736 CE
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234 Nayaks of Thanjavur absent Inferred 1532 CE 1676 CE
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235 Late Pallava Empire present Inferred 300 CE 890 CE
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236 Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom present Confident 1675 CE 1799 CE
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237 Early Pandyas present Inferred 300 BCE 300 CE
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238 Egypt - Middle Kingdom absent Confident 2016 BCE 1700 BCE
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239 Early Roman Republic present Inferred 509 BCE 264 BCE
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240 Late Roman Republic present Confident 133 BCE 31 BCE
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241 Middle Roman Republic present Confident 264 BCE 133 BCE
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242 Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity present Confident 395 CE 476 CE
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243 Roman Kingdom present Inferred 716 BCE 509 BCE
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244 Papal States - Early Modern Period II absent Inferred 1648 CE 1809 CE
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245 Ptolemaic Kingdom II present Confident 217 BCE 30 BCE
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246 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I present Inferred 1260 CE 1348 CE
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247 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III present Inferred 1412 CE 1517 CE
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248 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II present Inferred 1348 CE 1412 CE
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249 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period absent Confident 1720 BCE 1567 BCE
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250 Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period present Confident 404 BCE 342 BCE
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251 Orokaiva - Colonial present Inferred 1884 CE 1942 CE
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252 Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial absent Inferred 1841 CE 1987 CE
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253 Late A'chik absent Inferred 1867 CE 1956 CE
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254 French Kingdom - Early Bourbon present Confident 1589 CE 1660 CE
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255 Sokoto Caliphate present Inferred 1804 CE 1904 CE
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256 Asuka present Confident 538 CE 710 CE
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257 Nara Kingdom present Confident 710 CE 794 CE
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258 Ilkhanate present Confident 1256 CE 1339 CE
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259 Chagatai Khanate present Confident 1263 CE 1402 CE
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260 * Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico present Inferred 1200 CE 1426 CE
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261 Mongol Empire present Confident 1206 CE 1368 CE
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262 Kanem-Borno present Inferred 1380 CE 1893 CE
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263 Neolithic Crete absent Inferred 7000 BCE 3000 BCE
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264 * Ajuran Sultanate present Inferred 1250 CE 1700 CE
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265 * Tang Dynasty I present Confident 617 CE 763 CE
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266 Sasanid Empire II present Confident 488 CE 642 CE
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267 Deccan - Iron Age unknown Suspected 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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268 * Five Dynasties Period present Confident 906 CE 970 CE
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269 Old Palace Crete present Inferred 1900 BCE 1700 BCE
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270 * Ifat Sultanate present Inferred 1280 CE 1375 CE
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271 Cuzco - Early Intermediate I unknown Suspected 200 CE 499 CE
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272 * Sasanid Empire II present Confident 488 CE 642 CE
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