| Variable | Definition |
|---|---|
| Polity | The Seshat Polity ID |
| Year(s) | The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE] |
| Tag | [Evidenced, Disputed, Suspected, Inferred, Unknown] |
| Verified | A Seshat Expert has approved this piece of data. |
| Variable | Definition |
|---|---|
| bridge | The absence or presence of bridge for a polity. |
| # | Polity | Year(s) | Bridge | Description | Edit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 231 |
(Early Xiongnu) |
Full Year Range of Early Xiongnu is assumed. [-1400, -300] |
absent |
Not enough data, though it seems to reasonable infer absence. | |
| 232 |
(Monte Alban IIIB and IV) |
Full Year Range of Monte Alban IIIB and IV is assumed. [500, 900] |
absent |
Sources do not suggest there is evidence for bridges in prehispanic Valley of Oaxaca.§REF§Marcus and Flannery (1996) Zapotec Civilization: How urban society evolved in Mexico’s Oaxaca Valley. Flannery and Marcus (1983) The Cloud People: divergent evolution of the Zapotec and Mixtec civilizations. Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Academic Press, New York.§REF§ | |
| 233 |
(Oaxaca - Rosario) |
Full Year Range of Oaxaca - Rosario is assumed. [-700, -500] |
absent |
Sources do not suggest there is evidence for the construction of bridges during this period.§REF§Marcus and Flannery (1996) Zapotec Civilization: How urban society evolved in Mexico’s Oaxaca Valley. Flannery and Marcus (1983) The Cloud People: divergent evolution of the Zapotec and Mixtec civilizations. Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Academic Press, New York.§REF§ | |
| 234 |
(Kingdom of Norway II) |
Full Year Range of Kingdom of Norway II is assumed. [1262, 1396] |
absent |
There were a few bridges, but these were not polity owned. §REF§Árni Daniel Júlíusson and Axel Kristissen 2017, pers. comm. to E. Brandl and D. Mullins§REF§ | |
| 235 |
(Sakha - Early) |
Full Year Range of Sakha - Early is assumed. [1400, 1632] |
absent |
Built-up transport infrastructure was introduced in the early Russian period (see next sheet). | |
| 236 |
(Egypt - Kushite Period) |
Full Year Range of Egypt - Kushite Period is assumed. [-747, -656] |
present |
Small bridges existed in Ramesside Egypt.§REF§(Arnold 2003, 37)§REF§ | |
| 237 |
(Ayutthaya) |
Full Year Range of Ayutthaya is assumed. [1593, 1767] |
present |
§REF§http://www.ayutthaya-history.com/Geo_Street_BridgesKhaoPluak.html§REF§ | |
| 238 |
(Fatimid Caliphate) |
Full Year Range of Fatimid Caliphate is assumed. [909, 1171] |
present |
Great Bridge. §REF§(Raymond 2000, 48)§REF§ | |
| 239 |
(Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia) |
Full Year Range of Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia is assumed. [-2000, -1700] |
present |
§REF§Barjamovic G. 2011. A Historical Geography of Anatolia in the Old Assyrian Colony Period. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, pg. 396§REF§ | |
| 240 |
(Hatti - New Kingdom) |
Full Year Range of Hatti - New Kingdom is assumed. [-1400, -1180] |
present |
The Citadel Büyükkale at Hattusa was connected to a system of stone viaducts and bridge with the Büyükkaya§REF§Makowski M. (2009) Świat późnej epoki brązu. pp.157 [In:] A. Smogorzewska (ed.) Archeologia starożytnego Bliskiego Wschodu, Warszawa: Instytut Archeologii UW, pp. 151-187)§REF§ Which period does this refer to? |