| Variable | Definition |
|---|---|
| Polity | The Seshat Polity ID |
| Year(s) | The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE] |
| Tag | [Evidenced, Disputed, Suspected, Inferred, Unknown] |
| Verified | A Seshat Expert has approved this piece of data. |
| Variable | Definition |
|---|---|
| bridge | The absence or presence of bridge for a polity. |
| # | Polity | Year(s) | Bridge | Description | Edit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 181 |
(Elam III) |
Full Year Range of Elam III is assumed. [-612, -539] |
present |
"Other major administrative achievements of the Elamites included ... the construction and maintenance of numerous public works and enterprises, such as roads, bridges, cities and towns, communication centers, and economic and commercial centers"§REF§(Farazmand 2009, 22) Farazmand, Ali. 2009. Bureaucracy and Administration. CRC Press. Boca Raton.§REF§ | |
| 182 |
(Safavid Empire) |
Full Year Range of Safavid Empire is assumed. [1501, 1722] |
present |
e.g. Khaju Bridge built by Shah ʿAbbās II over the Zayanderud at Isfahan §REF§Rudi Matthee ‘SAFAVID DYNASTY’http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/safavids§REF§ | |
| 183 |
(Icelandic Commonwealth) |
Full Year Range of Icelandic Commonwealth is assumed. [930, 1262] |
absent |
'Maintaining bridges (and also ferries) was the duty of the neighbouring farmer, not the state.' §REF§Árni Daniel Júlíusson and Axel Kristissen 2017, pers. comm. to E. Brandl and D. Mullins§REF§ | |
| 184 |
(Latium - Bronze Age) |
Full Year Range of Latium - Bronze Age is assumed. [-1800, -900] |
absent |
The first bridge thought to be the Pons Sublicius possibly in built 642 BCE under Ancus Marcius. | |
| 185 |
(Latium - Copper Age) |
Full Year Range of Latium - Copper Age is assumed. [-3600, -1800] |
absent |
The first bridge thought to be the Pons Sublicius possibly in built 642 BCE under Ancus Marcius. | |
| 186 |
(Rome - Republic of St Peter II) |
Full Year Range of Rome - Republic of St Peter II is assumed. [904, 1198] |
present |
The popes maintained bridges across the Tiber; in other cities, such as Ravenna, the local bishops or secular officials did the same. | |
| 187 |
(Early Roman Republic) |
Full Year Range of Early Roman Republic is assumed. [-509, -264] |
present |
The first bridge thought to be the Pons Sublicius possibly in built 642 BCE under Ancus Marcius. | |
| 188 |
(Roman Kingdom) |
Full Year Range of Roman Kingdom is assumed. [-716, -509] |
present |
The first bridge thought to be the Pons Sublicius possibly in built 642 BCE under Ancus Marcius. | |
| 189 |
(Republic of St Peter I) |
Full Year Range of Republic of St Peter I is assumed. [752, 904] |
present |
Papal revenue was spent on maintenance.§REF§(Woods 1921, 47)§REF§ | |
| 190 |
(Asuka) |
Full Year Range of Asuka is assumed. [538, 710] |
present |
§REF§Brown, D., 1993.The Cambridge History of Japan, vol. 2.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 250.§REF§ |