| Variable | Definition |
|---|---|
| Polity | The Seshat Polity ID |
| Year(s) | The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE] |
| Tag | [Evidenced, Disputed, Suspected, Inferred, Unknown] |
| Verified | A Seshat Expert has approved this piece of data. |
| Variable | Definition |
|---|---|
| token | The absence or presence of token for a polity. |
| # | Polity | Year(s) | Token | Description | Edit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 146 |
(West Burkina Faso Red II and III) |
Full Year Range of West Burkina Faso Red II and III is assumed. [1100, 1400] |
absent |
None | |
| 147 |
(West Burkina Faso Red IV) |
Full Year Range of West Burkina Faso Red IV is assumed. [1401, 1500] |
absent |
None | |
| 148 |
(Malacca Sultanate) |
Full Year Range of Malacca Sultanate is assumed. [1270, 1415] |
present |
Cowrie shells were a ubiquitous form of currency in East Africa and gradually spread to West Africa during the Middle Ages. “As early as the 13th century, the proliferation of cowry shells as a dominant currency had taken place, mainly because of their import into Africa from different areas. First, Arab traders imported cowry shells from areas around the Maldives islands and the Indian Ocean into North Africa and, later, into other parts of Africa.”Cite error: Closing missing for tag | |
| 150 |
(Second Turk Khaganate) |
Full Year Range of Second Turk Khaganate is assumed. [682, 744] |
absent |
None |