Section: Social Complexity

Subsection: Writing Systems

Nonwritten Record

Talking about writing systems, nonwritten records are more extensive than mnemonics, but don't utilize script. example: quipu; seals and stamps (See here)

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Metadata:

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Variable	Definition
Polity	The Seshat Polity ID
Year(s)	The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Tag	[Evidenced, Disputed, Suspected, Inferred, Unknown]
Verified	A Seshat Expert has approved this piece of data.

Variable	Definition
nonwritten_record	The absence or presence of nonwritten record for a polity.

Actual Data:

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#	Polity	Year(s)	Nonwritten Record	Description	Edit
41	(Napoleonic France)	Full Year Range of Napoleonic France is assumed. [1816, 1870]	present	None
42	(Jin Dynasty)	Full Year Range of Jin Dynasty is assumed. [1115, 1234]	present	None
43	(Neguanje)	Full Year Range of Neguanje is assumed. [250, 1050]	unknown	None
44	(Geometric Crete)	Full Year Range of Geometric Crete is assumed. [-1000, -710]	present	None
45	(Late Shang)	Full Year Range of Late Shang is assumed. [-1250, -1045]	present	None
46	(Western Zhou)	Full Year Range of Western Zhou is assumed. [-1122, -771]	present	None
47	(East Francia)	Full Year Range of East Francia is assumed. [842, 919]	present	Royal Seals: Kings used seals as symbols of legitimacy. Ecclesiastical Seals: Monastic institutions and bishops also used seals to validate documents [Reuter 1991]
48	(Hellenistic Crete)	Full Year Range of Hellenistic Crete is assumed. [-323, -69]	present	None
49	(Austro-Hungarian Monarchy)	Full Year Range of Austro-Hungarian Monarchy is assumed. [1867, 1918]	present	None
50	(Deva Dynasty)	Full Year Range of Deva Dynasty is assumed. [1150, 1300]	present	None

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