| Variable | Definition |
|---|---|
| Polity | The Seshat Polity ID |
| Year(s) | The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE] |
| Tag | [Evidenced, Disputed, Suspected, Inferred, Unknown] |
| Verified | A Seshat Expert has approved this piece of data. |
| Variable | Definition |
|---|---|
| token | The absence or presence of token for a polity. |
| # | Polity | Year(s) | Token | Description | Edit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 |
(Southern Song) |
Full Year Range of Southern Song is assumed. [1127, 1279] |
present |
"In Hangchow, towards the end of the thirteenth century, discs of tin issued by the Ministry of Finance came into use, each equivalent to a certain number of cash coins." | |
| 32 |
(Makuria Kingdom I) |
Full Year Range of Makuria Kingdom I is assumed. [568, 618] |
unknown |
EMPTY_COMMENT | |
| 33 |
(Kingdom of Sicily - Hohenstaufen and Angevin dynasties) |
Full Year Range of Kingdom of Sicily - Hohenstaufen and Angevin dynasties is assumed. [1194, 1281] |
present |
EMPTY_COMMENT | |
| 34 |
(Maravi Empire) |
Full Year Range of Maravi Empire is assumed. [1622, 1870] |
uncoded |
"One other foreign item commonly occurring at Mankhamba, but whose usefulness to the community is entirely unclear, is the cowrie shell. Like imported ceramics, cowrie shells are very rare at other archaeological sites in the southern Lake Malawi area. Elsewhere in Africa, cowrie shells had economic and cultural value. [...] At Mankhamba, however, all the 46 shells were whole, with no evidence of any attempted modification. Further, cowrie shells do not feature in the oral traditions of the Chewa. It is therefore not clear what economic, social or ritual role these objects played among the Chewa at Mankhamba." [Juwayeyi 2020] | |
| 35 |
(Makuria Kingdom II) |
Full Year Range of Makuria Kingdom II is assumed. [619, 849] |
unknown |
EMPTY_COMMENT | |
| 36 |
(Makuria Kingdom III) |
Full Year Range of Makuria Kingdom III is assumed. [850, 1099] |
unknown |
EMPTY_COMMENT | |
| 37 |
(Malacca Sultanate) |
Full Year Range of Malacca Sultanate is assumed. [1396, 1511] |
unknown |
EMPTY_COMMENT | |
| 39 |
(Monte Alban V Early Postclassic) |
Full Year Range of Monte Alban V Early Postclassic is assumed. [900, 1099] |
unknown |
Sources do not suggest that monetary items have been found dating to this period. [Flannery_Marcus 1996] | |
| 40 |
(Kingdom of Georgia II) |
Full Year Range of Kingdom of Georgia II is assumed. [975, 1243] |
unknown |
EMPTY_COMMENT |