| Variable | Definition |
|---|---|
| Polity | The Seshat Polity ID |
| Year(s) | The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE] |
| Tag | [Evidenced, Disputed, Suspected, Inferred, Unknown] |
| Verified | A Seshat Expert has approved this piece of data. |
| Variable | Definition |
|---|---|
| examination_system | The absence or presence of examination system for a polity. |
| # | Polity | Year(s) | Examination System | Description | Edit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 |
(Chu Kingdom - Spring and Autumn Period) |
Full Year Range of Chu Kingdom - Spring and Autumn Period is assumed. [-740, -489] |
absent |
None | |
| 37 |
(Middle Greater Coclé) |
Full Year Range of Middle Greater Coclé is assumed. [700, 1000] |
uncoded |
None | |
| 39 |
(Norman England) |
Full Year Range of Norman England is assumed. [1066, 1153] |
absent |
No Institutionalized Testing or Qualification Standards: Norman England lacked any formalized or institutionalized examination system for selecting officials or appointees. Instead, positions were typically filled based on: Feudal obligations and loyalty. Noble lineage or social standing. Royal favor or personal connections. [Carpenter 2003] |
|