Religion Variables   Download All (.CSV)  Inconsistent Year Ranges
We have coded a total of 11,157 different values for 33 variables in 525 polities.
This section of Seshat encompasses a wide range of variables, each offering valuable insights into the dynamics of religious coexistence, government policies, and societal attitudes. This comprehensive collection of variables allows for a multifaceted analysis of religions, shedding light on the complexities of interactions between governments, societies, and religious communities.
Key variables include measures of syncretism, the prevalence of official and elite religions, and the frequency of violence, both governmental and societal, against religious groups. Additionally, the dataset explores government restrictions on religious practices, property ownership, and the circulation of religious literature. It delves into taxation based on religious adherence, governmental obligations for official recognition, and limitations on constructing religious buildings. Furthermore, the prevalence of widespread religions, including the most widespread and up to the fourth most widespread, provides a nuanced understanding of religious landscapes.
Range Present Partially coded Transitional Absent Suspected Unknown Unknown Uncoded To Be Coded
 1,205 coded records
 441 coded records
 448 coded records
 296 coded records
 135 coded records
Government Restrictions
 418 coded records
 380 coded records
 364 coded records
 395 coded records
 363 coded records
Societal Restrictions

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward

 272 coded records
 274 coded records
 271 coded records
 276 coded records
 272 coded records
 272 coded records
 206 coded records
 210 coded records
 272 coded records
 274 coded records
 273 coded records
Human Sacrifice A/P/U/~   
 357 coded records