Stone Walls Non Mortared List
A viewset for viewing and editing Stone Walls Non Mortared.
GET /api/wf/stone-walls-non-mortared/?format=api&page=4
{ "count": 363, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/stone-walls-non-mortared/?format=api&page=5", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/stone-walls-non-mortared/?format=api&page=3", "results": [ { "id": 151, "polity": { "id": 508, "name": "ir_ak_koyunlu", "long_name": "Ak Koyunlu", "start_year": 1339, "end_year": 1501 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Citadel on the ridge above Urfa had stone walls: \"The Mamelukes tended to use smaller stones, while the Ak Koyunlu Uzun Hasan in his rebuilding campaign of 1462-63 imitated the original masonry.\"§REF§Francis Russell. 2017. 123 Places In Turkey. A Private Grand Tour. Wilmington Square Books. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 152, "polity": { "id": 487, "name": "ir_susiana_archaic", "long_name": "Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar", "start_year": -7000, "end_year": -6000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Technology not yet available" }, { "id": 153, "polity": { "id": 495, "name": "ir_elam_1", "long_name": "Elam - Awan Dynasty I", "start_year": -2675, "end_year": -2100 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Technology not yet available" }, { "id": 154, "polity": { "id": 362, "name": "ir_buyid_confederation", "long_name": "Buyid Confederation", "start_year": 932, "end_year": 1062 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 155, "polity": { "id": 502, "name": "ir_elam_8", "long_name": "Elam - Crisis Period", "start_year": -1100, "end_year": -900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Elam in the Iron Age: stone wall technology used for burial chambers.§REF§Javier Alvarez-Mon, ‘Elam in the Iron Age’, In Daniel T. Potts (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran, 2013, p. 468§REF§ Late 3rd - early 2nd millennium BCE Sumerian text (perhaps for the region of Mesopotamia rather than Elamite Susiana): \"Its walls were built from stone.\"§REF§The death of Gilgameš: c.1.8.1.3. The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL). etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk.§REF§" }, { "id": 156, "polity": { "id": 507, "name": "ir_elymais_2", "long_name": "Elymais II", "start_year": 25, "end_year": 215 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 157, "polity": { "id": 486, "name": "ir_susiana_formative", "long_name": "Formative Period", "start_year": -7200, "end_year": -7000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Technology not yet available" }, { "id": 158, "polity": { "id": 172, "name": "ir_il_khanate", "long_name": "Ilkhanate", "start_year": 1256, "end_year": 1339 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 159, "polity": { "id": 488, "name": "ir_susiana_a", "long_name": "Susiana A", "start_year": -6000, "end_year": -5700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Technology not yet available" }, { "id": 160, "polity": { "id": 489, "name": "ir_susiana_b", "long_name": "Susiana B", "start_year": -5700, "end_year": -5100 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Technology not yet available" }, { "id": 161, "polity": { "id": 491, "name": "ir_susiana_ubaid_2", "long_name": "Susiana - Late Ubaid", "start_year": -4700, "end_year": -4300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Technology not yet available" }, { "id": 162, "polity": { "id": 490, "name": "ir_susiana_ubaid_1", "long_name": "Susiana - Early Ubaid", "start_year": -5100, "end_year": -4700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Technology not yet available" }, { "id": 163, "polity": { "id": 499, "name": "ir_elam_5", "long_name": "Elam - Kidinuid Period", "start_year": -1500, "end_year": -1400 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Elam in the Iron Age: stone wall technology used for burial chambers.§REF§Javier Alvarez-Mon, ‘Elam in the Iron Age’, In Daniel T. Potts (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran, 2013, p. 468§REF§ Late 3rd - early 2nd millennium BCE Sumerian text (perhaps for the region of Mesopotamia rather than Elamite Susiana): \"Its walls were built from stone.\"§REF§The death of Gilgameš: c.1.8.1.3. The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL). etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk.§REF§" }, { "id": 164, "polity": { "id": 500, "name": "ir_elam_6", "long_name": "Elam - Igihalkid Period", "start_year": -1399, "end_year": -1200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Elam in the Iron Age: stone wall technology used for burial chambers.§REF§Javier Alvarez-Mon, ‘Elam in the Iron Age’, In Daniel T. Potts (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran, 2013, p. 468§REF§ Late 3rd - early 2nd millennium BCE Sumerian text (perhaps for the region of Mesopotamia rather than Elamite Susiana): \"Its walls were built from stone.\"§REF§The death of Gilgameš: c.1.8.1.3. The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL). etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk.§REF§" }, { "id": 165, "polity": { "id": 501, "name": "ir_elam_7", "long_name": "Elam - Shutrukid Period", "start_year": -1199, "end_year": -1100 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Elam in the Iron Age: stone wall technology used for burial chambers.§REF§Javier Alvarez-Mon, ‘Elam in the Iron Age’, In Daniel T. Potts (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran, 2013, p. 468§REF§ Late 3rd - early 2nd millennium BCE Sumerian text (perhaps for the region of Mesopotamia rather than Elamite Susiana): \"Its walls were built from stone.\"§REF§The death of Gilgameš: c.1.8.1.3. The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL). etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk.§REF§" }, { "id": 166, "polity": { "id": 503, "name": "ir_neo_elam_1", "long_name": "Elam I", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -744 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Elam in the Iron Age: stone wall technology used for burial chambers.§REF§Javier Alvarez-Mon, ‘Elam in the Iron Age’, In Daniel T. Potts (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran, 2013, p. 468§REF§ Late 3rd - early 2nd millennium BCE Sumerian text (perhaps for the region of Mesopotamia rather than Elamite Susiana): \"Its walls were built from stone.\"§REF§The death of Gilgameš: c.1.8.1.3. The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL). etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk.§REF§" }, { "id": 167, "polity": { "id": 504, "name": "ir_neo_elam_2", "long_name": "Elam II", "start_year": -743, "end_year": -647 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Elam in the Iron Age: stone wall technology used for burial chambers.§REF§Javier Alvarez-Mon, ‘Elam in the Iron Age’, In Daniel T. Potts (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran, 2013, p. 468§REF§ Late 3rd - early 2nd millennium BCE Sumerian text (perhaps for the region of Mesopotamia rather than Elamite Susiana): \"Its walls were built from stone.\"§REF§The death of Gilgameš: c.1.8.1.3. The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL). etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk.§REF§" }, { "id": 168, "polity": { "id": 505, "name": "ir_neo_elam_3", "long_name": "Elam III", "start_year": -612, "end_year": -539 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Elam in the Iron Age: stone wall technology used for burial chambers.§REF§Javier Alvarez-Mon, ‘Elam in the Iron Age’, In Daniel T. Potts (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran, 2013, p. 468§REF§ Late 3rd - early 2nd millennium BCE Sumerian text (perhaps for the region of Mesopotamia rather than Elamite Susiana): \"Its walls were built from stone.\"§REF§The death of Gilgameš: c.1.8.1.3. The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL). etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk.§REF§" }, { "id": 169, "polity": { "id": 125, "name": "ir_parthian_emp_1", "long_name": "Parthian Empire I", "start_year": -247, "end_year": 40 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"according to Koldewey, Achaemenid, Seleucid, and Parthian builders generally used mud mortar.\" Quick-setting gypsum also known from Sassanian buildings.§REF§(Roger and Moorey 1999, 331) Roger, Peter. Moorey, Stuart. 1999. Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence. Eisenbrauns.§REF§ \"Other than a few cities in Mesopotamia, Parthian cities seem not to have been surrounded by walls, although some defensive preparations, such as the aforementioned fortresses and moats, have been identified in some sites.\"§REF§Rezakhani, Khodadad. 2016. Arsacid Society and Culture. Accessed 06.09.2016: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/</a>§REF§" }, { "id": 170, "polity": { "id": 483, "name": "iq_parthian_emp_2", "long_name": "Parthian Empire II", "start_year": 41, "end_year": 226 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"according to Koldewey, Achaemenid, Seleucid, and Parthian builders generally used mud mortar.\" Quick-setting gypsum also known from Sassanian buildings.§REF§(Roger and Moorey 1999, 331) Roger, Peter. Moorey, Stuart. 1999. Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence. Eisenbrauns.§REF§ \"Other than a few cities in Mesopotamia, Parthian cities seem not to have been surrounded by walls, although some defensive preparations, such as the aforementioned fortresses and moats, have been identified in some sites.\"§REF§Rezakhani, Khodadad. 2016. Arsacid Society and Culture. Accessed 06.09.2016: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/</a>§REF§" }, { "id": 171, "polity": { "id": 485, "name": "ir_susiana_pre_ceramic", "long_name": "Pre-Ceramic Period", "start_year": -7800, "end_year": -7200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Technology not yet available" }, { "id": 172, "polity": { "id": 509, "name": "ir_qajar_dyn", "long_name": "Qajar Dynasty", "start_year": 1794, "end_year": 1925 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 173, "polity": { "id": 374, "name": "ir_safavid_emp", "long_name": "Safavid Empire", "start_year": 1501, "end_year": 1722 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 174, "polity": { "id": 128, "name": "ir_sassanid_emp_1", "long_name": "Sasanid Empire I", "start_year": 205, "end_year": 487 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " unknown whether walls were mortared" }, { "id": 175, "polity": { "id": 130, "name": "ir_sassanid_emp_2", "long_name": "Sasanid Empire II", "start_year": 488, "end_year": 642 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 176, "polity": { "id": 108, "name": "ir_seleucid_emp", "long_name": "Seleucid Empire", "start_year": -312, "end_year": -63 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 177, "polity": { "id": 364, "name": "ir_seljuk_sultanate", "long_name": "Seljuk Sultanate", "start_year": 1037, "end_year": 1157 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 178, "polity": { "id": 496, "name": "ir_elam_2", "long_name": "Elam - Shimashki Period", "start_year": -2028, "end_year": -1940 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Late 3rd - early 2nd millennium BCE Sumerian text (perhaps for the region of Mesopotamia rather than Elamite Susiana): \"Its walls were built from stone.\"§REF§The death of Gilgameš: c.1.8.1.3. The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL). etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk.§REF§ City walls built under Indatu 11, son of Tanruhurater: “Nada podemos colegir de la situación en Elam. El rey debía ser Indatu 11,hijo de Tanruhurater, el cual conmemora en sus inscripciones, redactadas en sumerio y acadio, fundaciones piadosas y la construcción de la muralla de la acrópolis de SusaL6.\"§REF§(Quintana 2007, 39)§REF§ <i>Are these walls of brick or stone - mortared or non-mortared?</i>" }, { "id": 179, "polity": { "id": 497, "name": "ir_elam_3", "long_name": "Elam - Early Sukkalmah", "start_year": -1900, "end_year": -1701 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Late 3rd - early 2nd millennium BCE Sumerian text (perhaps for the region of Mesopotamia rather than Elamite Susiana): \"Its walls were built from stone.\"§REF§The death of Gilgameš: c.1.8.1.3. The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL). etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk.§REF§" }, { "id": 180, "polity": { "id": 498, "name": "ir_elam_4", "long_name": "Elam - Late Sukkalmah", "start_year": -1700, "end_year": -1500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Late 3rd - early 2nd millennium BCE Sumerian text (perhaps for the region of Mesopotamia rather than Elamite Susiana): \"Its walls were built from stone.\"§REF§The death of Gilgameš: c.1.8.1.3. The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL). etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk.§REF§" }, { "id": 181, "polity": { "id": 492, "name": "ir_susa_1", "long_name": "Susa I", "start_year": -4300, "end_year": -3800 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Technology not yet available" }, { "id": 182, "polity": { "id": 493, "name": "ir_susa_2", "long_name": "Susa II", "start_year": -3800, "end_year": -3100 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Technology not yet available" }, { "id": 183, "polity": { "id": 494, "name": "ir_susa_3", "long_name": "Susa III", "start_year": -3100, "end_year": -2675 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Technology not yet available" }, { "id": 184, "polity": { "id": 115, "name": "is_icelandic_commonwealth", "long_name": "Icelandic Commonwealth", "start_year": 930, "end_year": 1262 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "present", "comment": null, "description": " [The walls were non-mortared.]" }, { "id": 185, "polity": { "id": 179, "name": "it_latium_ba", "long_name": "Latium - Bronze Age", "start_year": -1800, "end_year": -900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "present", "comment": null, "description": " During earlier period at Tufariello in Southern Basilicata, none so far in Latium itself §REF§R. Whitehouse, Underground Religion (1992), p. 16§REF§." }, { "id": 186, "polity": { "id": 178, "name": "it_latium_ca", "long_name": "Latium - Copper Age", "start_year": -3600, "end_year": -1800 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "present", "comment": null, "description": " At Tufariello in Southern Basilicata, none so far in Latium itself §REF§R. Whitehouse, Underground Religion (1992), p. 16§REF§." }, { "id": 187, "polity": { "id": 180, "name": "it_latium_ia", "long_name": "Latium - Iron Age", "start_year": -1000, "end_year": -580 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 188, "polity": { "id": 186, "name": "it_ostrogoth_k", "long_name": "Ostrogothic Kingdom", "start_year": 489, "end_year": 554 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 189, "polity": { "id": 189, "name": "it_st_peter_rep_2", "long_name": "Rome - Republic of St Peter II", "start_year": 904, "end_year": 1198 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "present", "comment": null, "description": " The Leonine Walls, built starting in 848, are a good example." }, { "id": 190, "polity": { "id": 190, "name": "it_papal_state_1", "long_name": "Papal States - High Medieval Period", "start_year": 1198, "end_year": 1309 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 191, "polity": { "id": 192, "name": "it_papal_state_3", "long_name": "Papal States - Early Modern Period I", "start_year": 1527, "end_year": 1648 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 192, "polity": { "id": 193, "name": "it_papal_state_4", "long_name": "Papal States - Early Modern Period II", "start_year": 1648, "end_year": 1809 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 193, "polity": { "id": 191, "name": "it_papal_state_2", "long_name": "Papal States - Renaissance Period", "start_year": 1378, "end_year": 1527 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 194, "polity": { "id": 187, "name": "it_ravenna_exarchate", "long_name": "Exarchate of Ravenna", "start_year": 568, "end_year": 751 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 195, "polity": { "id": 182, "name": "it_roman_rep_1", "long_name": "Early Roman Republic", "start_year": -509, "end_year": -264 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " \"Romans were so fond of the texture effect of opus quadratum that they continued to use this technique even after having developed more effective kinds of masonry.\" §REF§(<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.romeartlover.it/Costroma.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.romeartlover.it/Costroma.html</a>)§REF§" }, { "id": 196, "polity": { "id": 184, "name": "it_roman_rep_3", "long_name": "Late Roman Republic", "start_year": -133, "end_year": -31 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"Romans were so fond of the texture effect of opus quadratum that they continued to use this technique even after having developed more effective kinds of masonry.\" §REF§(<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.romeartlover.it/Costroma.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.romeartlover.it/Costroma.html</a>)§REF§ Inferred absent because \"texture effect\" should be irrelevant in a military context and Romans of this period had access to motar." }, { "id": 197, "polity": { "id": 183, "name": "it_roman_rep_2", "long_name": "Middle Roman Republic", "start_year": -264, "end_year": -133 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"Romans were so fond of the texture effect of opus quadratum that they continued to use this technique even after having developed more effective kinds of masonry.\" §REF§(<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.romeartlover.it/Costroma.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.romeartlover.it/Costroma.html</a>)§REF§ Inferred absent because \"texture effect\" should be irrelevant in a military context and on the assumption Romans of this period had access to motar." }, { "id": 198, "polity": { "id": 70, "name": "it_roman_principate", "long_name": "Roman Empire - Principate", "start_year": -31, "end_year": 284 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"Romans were so fond of the texture effect of opus quadratum that they continued to use this technique even after having developed more effective kinds of masonry.\" §REF§(<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.romeartlover.it/Costroma.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.romeartlover.it/Costroma.html</a>)§REF§ Inferred absent because \"texture effect\" should be irrelevant in a military context and Romans of this period had access to motar." }, { "id": 199, "polity": { "id": 181, "name": "it_roman_k", "long_name": "Roman Kingdom", "start_year": -716, "end_year": -509 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Romans were so fond of the texture effect of opus quadratum that they continued to use this technique even after having developed more effective kinds of masonry.\" §REF§(<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.romeartlover.it/Costroma.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.romeartlover.it/Costroma.html</a>)§REF§" }, { "id": 200, "polity": { "id": 185, "name": "it_western_roman_emp", "long_name": "Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity", "start_year": 395, "end_year": 476 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Stone_walls_non_mortared", "stone_walls_non_mortared": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null } ] }