Sling Siege Engine List
A viewset for viewing and editing Sling Siege Engines.
GET /api/wf/sling-siege-engines/?format=api
{ "count": 353, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/sling-siege-engines/?format=api&page=2", "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 1, "polity": { "id": 137, "name": "af_durrani_emp", "long_name": "Durrani Empire", "start_year": 1747, "end_year": 1826 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 2, "polity": { "id": 134, "name": "af_ghur_principality", "long_name": "Ghur Principality", "start_year": 1025, "end_year": 1215 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " <i>Likely.</i> Ghaznavid and Ghurid armies: \"an array of missiles, 'fire-eyed rockets', slinging and stoning machines which were used in siege operations.\"§REF§(Wink 1997, 90) Andre Wink. 1997. Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Volume II: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest 11th-13th Centuries. BRILL. Leiden.§REF§" }, { "id": 3, "polity": { "id": 350, "name": "af_greco_bactrian_k", "long_name": "Greco-Bactrian Kingdom", "start_year": -256, "end_year": -125 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " First use of the counter-weight trebuchet 1165 CE at Byzantine siege of Zevgminon.§REF§(Turnball 2002) Turnball, S. 2002. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 4, "polity": { "id": 129, "name": "af_hephthalite_emp", "long_name": "Hephthalite Empire", "start_year": 408, "end_year": 561 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " First use of the counter-weight trebuchet 1165 CE at Byzantine siege of Zevgminon.§REF§(Turnball 2002) Turnball, S. 2002. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 5, "polity": { "id": 281, "name": "af_kidarite_k", "long_name": "Kidarite Kingdom", "start_year": 388, "end_year": 477 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " First use of the counter-weight trebuchet 1165 CE at Byzantine siege of Zevgminon.§REF§(Turnball 2002) Turnball, S. 2002. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 6, "polity": { "id": 127, "name": "af_kushan_emp", "long_name": "Kushan Empire", "start_year": 35, "end_year": 319 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " First use of the counter-weight trebuchet 1165 CE at Byzantine siege of Zevgminon.§REF§(Turnball 2002) Turnball, S. 2002. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 7, "polity": { "id": 467, "name": "af_tocharian", "long_name": "Tocharians", "start_year": -129, "end_year": 29 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " First use of the counter-weight trebuchet 1165 CE at Byzantine siege of Zevgminon.§REF§(Turnball 2002) Turnball, S. 2002. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 8, "polity": { "id": 253, "name": "cn_eastern_han_dyn", "long_name": "Eastern Han Empire", "start_year": 25, "end_year": 220 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " arcuballiste and lever-operated stone-throwing catapults (trebuchets) approaches ...\" from Warring States period, and \"There was to be very little change in the Chinese art of siege warfare ... until the introduction of gunpowder\" §REF§(Graff 2002, 23)§REF§ \"Siege equipment mentioned by Ssu-ma Kuang includes artillery, moveable towers, and artificial mounds erected to enable besiegers to shoot over city walls, and scaling ladders.\"§REF§(Peers 1995, 20)§REF§ \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 9, "polity": { "id": 253, "name": "cn_eastern_han_dyn", "long_name": "Eastern Han Empire", "start_year": 25, "end_year": 220 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " arcuballiste and lever-operated stone-throwing catapults (trebuchets) approaches ...\" from Warring States period, and \"There was to be very little change in the Chinese art of siege warfare ... until the introduction of gunpowder\" §REF§(Graff 2002, 23)§REF§ \"Siege equipment mentioned by Ssu-ma Kuang includes artillery, moveable towers, and artificial mounds erected to enable besiegers to shoot over city walls, and scaling ladders.\"§REF§(Peers 1995, 20)§REF§ \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 10, "polity": { "id": 254, "name": "cn_western_jin_dyn", "long_name": "Western Jin", "start_year": 265, "end_year": 317 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " arcuballiste and lever-operated stone-throwing catapults (trebuchets) approaches ...\" from Warring States period, and \"There was to be very little change in the Chinese art of siege warfare ... until the introduction of gunpowder\" §REF§(Graff 2002, 23)§REF§ \"Siege equipment mentioned by Ssu-ma Kuang includes artillery, moveable towers, and artificial mounds erected to enable besiegers to shoot over city walls, and scaling ladders.\"§REF§(Peers 1995, 20)§REF§ \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 11, "polity": { "id": 254, "name": "cn_western_jin_dyn", "long_name": "Western Jin", "start_year": 265, "end_year": 317 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " arcuballiste and lever-operated stone-throwing catapults (trebuchets) approaches ...\" from Warring States period, and \"There was to be very little change in the Chinese art of siege warfare ... until the introduction of gunpowder\" §REF§(Graff 2002, 23)§REF§ \"Siege equipment mentioned by Ssu-ma Kuang includes artillery, moveable towers, and artificial mounds erected to enable besiegers to shoot over city walls, and scaling ladders.\"§REF§(Peers 1995, 20)§REF§ \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 12, "polity": { "id": 422, "name": "cn_erligang", "long_name": "Erligang", "start_year": -1650, "end_year": -1250 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Siege weaponry not present until Warring States period §REF§(Liang 2005)§REF§" }, { "id": 13, "polity": { "id": 421, "name": "cn_erlitou", "long_name": "Erlitou", "start_year": -1850, "end_year": -1600 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Siege weaponry not present until Warring States period §REF§(Liang 2005)§REF§" }, { "id": 14, "polity": { "id": 471, "name": "cn_hmong_2", "long_name": "Hmong - Early Chinese", "start_year": 1895, "end_year": 1941 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " we need expert input in order to code this variable" }, { "id": 15, "polity": { "id": 470, "name": "cn_hmong_1", "long_name": "Hmong - Late Qing", "start_year": 1701, "end_year": 1895 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " we need expert input in order to code this variable" }, { "id": 16, "polity": { "id": 245, "name": "cn_jin_spring_and_autumn", "long_name": "Jin", "start_year": -780, "end_year": -404 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " first known use of gravity powered siege engine was under Byzantines, just under two thousand years after this period." }, { "id": 17, "polity": { "id": 420, "name": "cn_longshan", "long_name": "Longshan", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -1900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Earliest references to siege weaponry is in the Warring States period §REF§(Liang 2005)§REF§" }, { "id": 18, "polity": { "id": 266, "name": "cn_later_great_jin", "long_name": "Jin Dynasty", "start_year": 1115, "end_year": 1234 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"early versions of siege crossbows and traction trebuchets may be noted in the accounts of the wars of the Qin and Han dynasties, and appear in the early military writings associated with the name of Mo Zi.\"§REF§(Turnball 2002) Turnball, S. 2002. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§ \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 19, "polity": { "id": 266, "name": "cn_later_great_jin", "long_name": "Jin Dynasty", "start_year": 1115, "end_year": 1234 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"early versions of siege crossbows and traction trebuchets may be noted in the accounts of the wars of the Qin and Han dynasties, and appear in the early military writings associated with the name of Mo Zi.\"§REF§(Turnball 2002) Turnball, S. 2002. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§ \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 20, "polity": { "id": 269, "name": "cn_ming_dyn", "long_name": "Great Ming", "start_year": 1368, "end_year": 1644 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Counter-weight trebuchet at Xiangyang, China 1272.\"§REF§(Turnball 2002) Turnball, S. 2002. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 21, "polity": { "id": 425, "name": "cn_northern_song_dyn", "long_name": "Northern Song", "start_year": 960, "end_year": 1127 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"As in earlier periods, sophisticated siege equipment was available, including artillery, towers and rams.\"§REF§(Peers 2002, 17)§REF§ \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 22, "polity": { "id": 425, "name": "cn_northern_song_dyn", "long_name": "Northern Song", "start_year": 960, "end_year": 1127 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"As in earlier periods, sophisticated siege equipment was available, including artillery, towers and rams.\"§REF§(Peers 2002, 17)§REF§ \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 23, "polity": { "id": 258, "name": "cn_northern_wei_dyn", "long_name": "Northern Wei", "start_year": 386, "end_year": 534 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"early versions of siege crossbows and traction trebuchets may be noted in the accounts of the wars of the Qin and Han dynasties, and appear in the early military writings associated with the name of Mo Zi.\"§REF§(Turnball 2002) Turnball, S. 2002. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§ \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 24, "polity": { "id": 258, "name": "cn_northern_wei_dyn", "long_name": "Northern Wei", "start_year": 386, "end_year": 534 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"early versions of siege crossbows and traction trebuchets may be noted in the accounts of the wars of the Qin and Han dynasties, and appear in the early military writings associated with the name of Mo Zi.\"§REF§(Turnball 2002) Turnball, S. 2002. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§ \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 25, "polity": { "id": 543, "name": "cn_peiligang", "long_name": "Peiligang", "start_year": -7000, "end_year": -5001 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Earliest references to siege weaponry are from the Warring States Period §REF§(Liang 2005)§REF§" }, { "id": 26, "polity": { "id": 1, "name": "cn_qing_dyn_1", "long_name": "Early Qing", "start_year": 1644, "end_year": 1796 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 27, "polity": { "id": 2, "name": "cn_qing_dyn_2", "long_name": "Late Qing", "start_year": 1796, "end_year": 1912 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 28, "polity": { "id": 243, "name": "cn_late_shang_dyn", "long_name": "Late Shang", "start_year": -1250, "end_year": -1045 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Siege weaponry not present until Warring States period §REF§(Liang 2005)§REF§" }, { "id": 29, "polity": { "id": 260, "name": "cn_sui_dyn", "long_name": "Sui Dynasty", "start_year": 581, "end_year": 618 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"As in earlier periods, sophisticated siege equipment was available, including artillery, towers and rams.\"§REF§(Peers 2002, 17)§REF§ \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 30, "polity": { "id": 260, "name": "cn_sui_dyn", "long_name": "Sui Dynasty", "start_year": 581, "end_year": 618 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"As in earlier periods, sophisticated siege equipment was available, including artillery, towers and rams.\"§REF§(Peers 2002, 17)§REF§ \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 31, "polity": { "id": 261, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_1", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty I", "start_year": 617, "end_year": 763 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"As in earlier periods, sophisticated siege equipment was available, including artillery, towers and rams.\"§REF§(Peers 2002, 17)§REF§ \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 32, "polity": { "id": 261, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_1", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty I", "start_year": 617, "end_year": 763 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"As in earlier periods, sophisticated siege equipment was available, including artillery, towers and rams.\"§REF§(Peers 2002, 17)§REF§ \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 33, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"As in earlier periods, sophisticated siege equipment was available, including artillery, towers and rams.\"§REF§(Peers 2002, 17)§REF§ \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 34, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"As in earlier periods, sophisticated siege equipment was available, including artillery, towers and rams.\"§REF§(Peers 2002, 17)§REF§ \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 35, "polity": { "id": 424, "name": "cn_wei_dyn_warring_states", "long_name": "Early Wei Dynasty", "start_year": -445, "end_year": -225 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Mohist catapults used during the Warring States period, they were \"based on the lever principle, which was already a known concept and in wide use as in the counterbalanced bucket.\" §REF§(Liang)§REF§ Note: use of gravity makes it sling? \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 36, "polity": { "id": 424, "name": "cn_wei_dyn_warring_states", "long_name": "Early Wei Dynasty", "start_year": -445, "end_year": -225 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "Mohist catapults used during the Warring States period, they were \"based on the lever principle, which was already a known concept and in wide use as in the counterbalanced bucket.\" §REF§(Liang)§REF§ Note: use of gravity makes it sling? \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 37, "polity": { "id": 251, "name": "cn_western_han_dyn", "long_name": "Western Han Empire", "start_year": -202, "end_year": 9 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " arcuballiste and lever-operated stone-throwing catapults (trebuchets) approaches ...\" from Warring States period, and \"There was to be very little change in the Chinese art of siege warfare ... until the introduction of gunpowder\" §REF§(Graff 2002, 23)§REF§ \"Siege equipment mentioned by Ssu-ma Kuang includes artillery, moveable towers, and artificial mounds erected to enable besiegers to shoot over city walls, and scaling ladders.\"§REF§(Peers 1995, 20)§REF§ \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 38, "polity": { "id": 251, "name": "cn_western_han_dyn", "long_name": "Western Han Empire", "start_year": -202, "end_year": 9 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " arcuballiste and lever-operated stone-throwing catapults (trebuchets) approaches ...\" from Warring States period, and \"There was to be very little change in the Chinese art of siege warfare ... until the introduction of gunpowder\" §REF§(Graff 2002, 23)§REF§ \"Siege equipment mentioned by Ssu-ma Kuang includes artillery, moveable towers, and artificial mounds erected to enable besiegers to shoot over city walls, and scaling ladders.\"§REF§(Peers 1995, 20)§REF§ \"Of the date of the introduction of the counterweight trebuchet to China there can be no doubt. It occurred in 1272, during one of the greatest sieges of Chinese history, at Xiangyang, where the Mongols besieged the Southern Song for five years.\" §REF§(Turnbull 2012, 33) Stephen Turnbull. 2012. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 39, "polity": { "id": 244, "name": "cn_western_zhou_dyn", "long_name": "Western Zhou", "start_year": -1122, "end_year": -771 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " first known use of gravity powered siege engine was under Byzantines, just under two thousand years after this period." }, { "id": 40, "polity": { "id": 419, "name": "cn_yangshao", "long_name": "Yangshao", "start_year": -5000, "end_year": -3000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Earliest references to siege weaponry are from the Warring States Period §REF§(Liang 2005)§REF§" }, { "id": 41, "polity": { "id": 268, "name": "cn_yuan_dyn", "long_name": "Great Yuan", "start_year": 1271, "end_year": 1368 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Counter-weight trebuchet at Xiangyang, China 1272.\"§REF§(Turnball 2002) Turnball, S. 2002. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§ 1272 CE Mongols \"constructed platforms for the new \"Muslim\" (huihui) trebuchets\" §REF§(Lorge 2005, 85)§REF§" }, { "id": 42, "polity": { "id": 435, "name": "co_neguanje", "long_name": "Neguanje", "start_year": 250, "end_year": 1050 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " No discussion in literature of this. In this case it is evidence of absence since this is in line with logical expectations for this late-complexity society." }, { "id": 43, "polity": { "id": 436, "name": "co_tairona", "long_name": "Tairona", "start_year": 1050, "end_year": 1524 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " No discussion in literature of this. In this case it is evidence of absence since this is in line with logical expectations for this late-complexity society." }, { "id": 44, "polity": { "id": 196, "name": "ec_shuar_1", "long_name": "Shuar - Colonial", "start_year": 1534, "end_year": 1830 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " the sources mention machetes, rifles and arrows but to the best of our knowledge no other weapons were used at the time" }, { "id": 45, "polity": { "id": 197, "name": "ec_shuar_2", "long_name": "Shuar - Ecuadorian", "start_year": 1831, "end_year": 1931 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " the sources mention machetes, rifles and arrows but to the best of our knowledge no other weapons were used at the time" }, { "id": 46, "polity": { "id": 367, "name": "eg_ayyubid_sultanate", "long_name": "Ayyubid Sultanate", "start_year": 1171, "end_year": 1250 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " <i>Were petraries at the Siege of Jerusalem 1187 CE tension or gravity powered?</i> First known use of the counter-weight trebuchet was in 1165 CE by the Byzantines at the siege of Zevgminon.§REF§(Turnball 2002) Turnball, S. 2002. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§ <i>Need to confirm with an expert source whether a scholar named Mardi bin Ali al-Tarsusi created an \"instruction manual\" on the counter-weight trebuchet for Saladin (Ayyubid Sultanate) in 1187 CE. It's logical copies would soon be made of this effective new technology.</i>" }, { "id": 47, "polity": { "id": 510, "name": "eg_badarian", "long_name": "Badarian", "start_year": -4400, "end_year": -3800 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " not yet invented" }, { "id": 48, "polity": { "id": 514, "name": "eg_dynasty_1", "long_name": "Egypt - Dynasty I", "start_year": -3100, "end_year": -2900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " not yet developed" }, { "id": 49, "polity": { "id": 515, "name": "eg_dynasty_2", "long_name": "Egypt - Dynasty II", "start_year": -2900, "end_year": -2687 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " not yet developed" }, { "id": 50, "polity": { "id": 205, "name": "eg_inter_occupation", "long_name": "Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period", "start_year": -404, "end_year": -342 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Sling_siege_engine", "sling_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null } ] }