Horse List
A viewset for viewing and editing Horses.
GET /api/wf/horses/?format=api&page=2
{ "count": 375, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/horses/?format=api&page=3", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/horses/?format=api", "results": [ { "id": 51, "polity": { "id": 198, "name": "eg_new_k_1", "long_name": "Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period", "start_year": -1550, "end_year": -1293 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Horse-drawn chariot first effectively exploited as a weapon by the 18th Dynasty. §REF§(Gnirs 2001)§REF§ Horses non-native to Egypt. Introduced c1700 BCE.§REF§(Partridge 2010, 384)§REF§ Mounted scouts important from the beginning of the New Kingdom. §REF§(Gnirs 2001)§REF§ According to Egyptian administrative records, a chariot would carry \"one or two bows, two to four quivers attached at both sides of the chariot (providing eighty arrows altogether), a spear and/or a javelin, as well as axe and shield for close combat.\" The crew was the chariot driver and the bowmen with the addition of a shield man from late second millennium BCE.§REF§(Gnirs 2001)§REF§" }, { "id": 52, "polity": { "id": 516, "name": "eg_old_k_1", "long_name": "Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom", "start_year": -2650, "end_year": -2350 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Horses non-native to Egypt. Introduced c1700 BCE. §REF§(Partridge 2010, 384)§REF§" }, { "id": 53, "polity": { "id": 517, "name": "eg_old_k_2", "long_name": "Egypt - Late Old Kingdom", "start_year": -2350, "end_year": -2150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Horses non-native to Egypt. Introduced c1700 BCE. §REF§(Partridge 2010, 384)§REF§" }, { "id": 54, "polity": { "id": 109, "name": "eg_ptolemaic_k_1", "long_name": "Ptolemaic Kingdom I", "start_year": -305, "end_year": -217 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 55, "polity": { "id": 207, "name": "eg_ptolemaic_k_2", "long_name": "Ptolemaic Kingdom II", "start_year": -217, "end_year": -30 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 56, "polity": { "id": 518, "name": "eg_regions", "long_name": "Egypt - Period of the Regions", "start_year": -2150, "end_year": -2016 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Horses non-native to Egypt. Introduced c1700 BCE. §REF§(Partridge 2010, 384)§REF§" }, { "id": 57, "polity": { "id": 203, "name": "eg_saite", "long_name": "Egypt - Saite Period", "start_year": -664, "end_year": -525 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Mounted units. §REF§(Agut-Labordere 2013, 986)§REF§ \"The Carian equipment may resemble that of the hoplites representated on the Amathus bowl found in a tomb in Cyprus and dated to the time of Psamtek (see Figure 2.1).\" Artwork in figure 2.1 shows: shields, throwing spears, cavalry, archers, crested helmets. §REF§(Fischer-Bovet 2014, 20-21)§REF§ Development of cavalry, characteristic of early Saite army, and likely included Asian cavalrymen.§REF§(Agut-Labordere 2013, 988-989) Agut-Labordere, Damien. \"The Saite Period: The Emergence of A Mediterranean Power.\" in Garcia, Juan Carlos Moreno ed. 2013. Ancient Egyptian Administration. BRILL.§REF§" }, { "id": 58, "polity": { "id": 520, "name": "eg_thebes_hyksos", "long_name": "Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period", "start_year": -1720, "end_year": -1567 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Horse and chariot. §REF§(Hall 1928, 311)§REF§ Hyksos imported horses and chariots. §REF§(Bourriau 2003, 182)§REF§ Injuries to the body of king Senab-Kay, early ruler Abydos region, parallel to 16th Dynasty kings, suggest he was attacked on horseback.§REF§(Wegner 2015, 74) Wegner, Josef. 2015. A royal necropolis at South Abydos: New light on Egypt's Second Intermediate Period. Near Eastern archaeology. Volume 78. Issue 2. 68-78.§REF§" }, { "id": 59, "polity": { "id": 200, "name": "eg_thebes_libyan", "long_name": "Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period", "start_year": -1069, "end_year": -747 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Horse-driven chariots. §REF§(Taylor 2000, 329)§REF§" }, { "id": 60, "polity": { "id": 361, "name": "eg_thulunid_ikhshidid", "long_name": "Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period", "start_year": 868, "end_year": 969 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Used for cavalry. Horses and Camels were used extensively. Donkeys were used in a logistical capacity. The use of elephants is reported, but it seems to be in a purely ceremonial capacity. §REF§(Kennedy, Hugh. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London; New York: Routledge, 2001. Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/SGPPFNAZ/q/kennedy\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/SGPPFNAZ/q/kennedy</a>)§REF§" }, { "id": 61, "polity": { "id": 84, "name": "es_spanish_emp_1", "long_name": "Spanish Empire I", "start_year": 1516, "end_year": 1715 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Armored cavalry " }, { "id": 62, "polity": { "id": 57, "name": "fm_truk_1", "long_name": "Chuuk - Early Truk", "start_year": 1775, "end_year": 1886 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not native to region." }, { "id": 63, "polity": { "id": 58, "name": "fm_truk_2", "long_name": "Chuuk - Late Truk", "start_year": 1886, "end_year": 1948 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not native to region." }, { "id": 64, "polity": { "id": 448, "name": "fr_atlantic_complex", "long_name": "Atlantic Complex", "start_year": -2200, "end_year": -1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Horses were widespread in Normandy in the Bronze Age, as seen in faunal evidence and the presence of horse bits. Horses were probably used for warfare and facilitated the emergence of a warrior class. \"À l’âge du Bronze, son usage est généralisé et il est présent dans tous les assemblages fauniques* conséquents. [...] Par ailleurs, la découverte des éléments de mors (cat. 94) ou d’éléments de harnachement suggère un usage monté, avec un rôle qui peut se décliner entre moyen de déplacement, communication et échange, et arme de guerre. [...] Sa probable généralisation durant l’âge du Bronze a pu bouleverser de manière importante l’art de la guerre (chars de combat, cavalerie) et assurer la suprématie d’une petite élite guerrière, en même temps que permettre un accès rapide à des secteurs géographiques jusqu’alors isolés du réseau maritime et fluvial. \" §REF§(Macigny et al 2005, 74)§REF§" }, { "id": 65, "polity": { "id": 447, "name": "fr_beaker_eba", "long_name": "Beaker Culture", "start_year": -3200, "end_year": -2000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Horses, originally domesticated in the east and introduced into Southeast Europe by steppe people, were now being domesticated from local wild herds by the people in southern central Europe. From there they spread widely within the rest of Europe, being found, for instance, in Scandinavia in the late TRB or early Corded Ware period and in western Europe and the Mediterranean in Beaker contexts.\" §REF§(McIntosh 2006, 55-58)§REF§" }, { "id": 66, "polity": { "id": 460, "name": "fr_bourbon_k_1", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Bourbon", "start_year": 1589, "end_year": 1660 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Cavalry carried guns.§REF§(Nolan 2006, 367) Cathal J Nolan. 2006. The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000-1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization. Volume 1 A - K. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§" }, { "id": 67, "polity": { "id": 461, "name": "fr_bourbon_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Bourbon", "start_year": 1660, "end_year": 1815 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"cavalry as a proportion of armies declined steadily in the century from 1660 to 1760, from around one-third to around one-quarter of the total combatants.\"§REF§(Parrott 2012, 62) David Parrott. Armed Forces. William Doyle. ed. 2012. The Oxford Handbook of the Ancien Régime. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§" }, { "id": 68, "polity": { "id": 457, "name": "fr_capetian_k_1", "long_name": "Proto-French Kingdom", "start_year": 987, "end_year": 1150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Aristocrats \"usually dismounted and fought on foot throughout the Merovingian, Carolingian, and post-Carolingian periods.\"§REF§(Boulton 1995 67-68) Jonathan D Boulton. Armor And Weapons. William W Kibler. Grover A Zinn. Lawrence Earp. John Bell Henneman Jr. 1995. Routledge Revivals: Medieval France (1995): An Encyclopedia. Routledge. Abingdon.§REF§ 12th century saddle innovations made the horseback charge with a lance possible.§REF§(Fanning 1995, 346)§REF§" }, { "id": 69, "polity": { "id": 458, "name": "fr_capetian_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Capetian", "start_year": 1150, "end_year": 1328 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " War horses brought from Italy.§REF§(Spufford 2006, 156, 167)§REF§ Lance armed cavalry (late 12th century) §REF§(Nicolle 1991, 4-5)§REF§ Aristocrats \"usually dismounted and fought on foot throughout the Merovingian, Carolingian, and post-Carolingian periods.\"§REF§(Boulton 1995 67-68) Jonathan D Boulton. Armor And Weapons. William W Kibler. Grover A Zinn. Lawrence Earp. John Bell Henneman Jr. 1995. Routledge Revivals: Medieval France (1995): An Encyclopedia. Routledge. Abingdon.§REF§ 12th century saddle innovations made the horseback charge with a lance possible.§REF§(Fanning 1995, 346)§REF§" }, { "id": 70, "polity": { "id": 309, "name": "fr_carolingian_emp_1", "long_name": "Carolingian Empire I", "start_year": 752, "end_year": 840 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Cavalry. Artists included the stirrup in their drawings of Carolingian cavalry from the late ninth century CE.§REF§(Hooper and Bennett 1996, 12) Nicholas Hooper. Matthew Bennett. 1996. The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: The Middle Ages, 768-1487. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 71, "polity": { "id": 311, "name": "fr_carolingian_emp_2", "long_name": "Carolingian Empire II", "start_year": 840, "end_year": 987 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Cavalry. Artists included the stirrup in their drawings of Carolingian cavalry from the late ninth century CE.§REF§(Hooper and Bennett 1996, 12) Nicholas Hooper. Matthew Bennett. 1996. The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: The Middle Ages, 768-1487. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 72, "polity": { "id": 449, "name": "fr_hallstatt_a_b1", "long_name": "Hallstatt A-B1", "start_year": -1000, "end_year": -900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Present in previous and subsequent periods" }, { "id": 73, "polity": { "id": 450, "name": "fr_hallstatt_b2_3", "long_name": "Hallstatt B2-3", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"From the 8th century BC onwards, the graves of the Halstatt aristocracy are characterized by four-wheeled vehicles together with bits and other items of horse harness\" §REF§(Allen 2007, 22)§REF§ <i>A cart wheel found at the archaeological site at Must Farm in the United Kingdom, and a horse's spine found nearby, might suggest Britons of this time used domesticated horses to pull wheeled vehicles. This British village over water would have been unlikely to possess a chariot but it shows that the functional use of horses was widespread in northwest Europe at this time.</i>" }, { "id": 74, "polity": { "id": 451, "name": "fr_hallstatt_c", "long_name": "Hallstatt C", "start_year": -700, "end_year": -600 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"From the 8th century BC onwards, the graves of the Halstatt aristocracy are characterized by four-wheeled vehicles together with bits and other items of horse harness\" §REF§(Allen 2007, 22)§REF§" }, { "id": 75, "polity": { "id": 452, "name": "fr_hallstatt_d", "long_name": "Hallstatt D", "start_year": -600, "end_year": -475 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"From the 8th century BC onwards, the graves of the Halstatt aristocracy are characterized by four-wheeled vehicles together with bits and other items of horse harness\" §REF§(Allen 2007, 22)§REF§" }, { "id": 76, "polity": { "id": 304, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_1", "long_name": "Early Merovingian", "start_year": 481, "end_year": 543 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " §REF§(Halsall 2003, 163-176) Halsall, Guy. 2003. Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West, 450-900. Routledge. London.§REF§ Beginning of sixth century Merovingians had cavalry. 507 CE cavalry recorded " }, { "id": 77, "polity": { "id": 456, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_3", "long_name": "Proto-Carolingian", "start_year": 687, "end_year": 751 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " §REF§(Halsall 2003, 163-176) Halsall, Guy. 2003. Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West, 450-900. Routledge. London.§REF§ Beginning of sixth century Merovingians had cavalry. 507 CE cavalry recorded " }, { "id": 78, "polity": { "id": 306, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_2", "long_name": "Middle Merovingian", "start_year": 543, "end_year": 687 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " §REF§(Halsall 2003, 163-176) Halsall, Guy. 2003. Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West, 450-900. Routledge. London.§REF§ Beginning of sixth century Merovingians had cavalry. 507 CE cavalry recorded " }, { "id": 79, "polity": { "id": 453, "name": "fr_la_tene_a_b1", "long_name": "La Tene A-B1", "start_year": -475, "end_year": -325 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " First documented war-chariot Battle of Sentinum (295 BCE).§REF§(Kruta 2004, 198)§REF§ Pulled a two-wheeled chariot which replaced the Hallstatt era four-wheeled wagon. §REF§(Allen 2007, 32)§REF§" }, { "id": 80, "polity": { "id": 454, "name": "fr_la_tene_b2_c1", "long_name": "La Tene B2-C1", "start_year": -325, "end_year": -175 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Two-wheeled war chariot. §REF§(Kruta 2004, 38, 52)§REF§ Cavalry.§REF§(Kruta 2004, 60)§REF§ Cavalry replaced war-chariots from 250 BCE. §REF§(Kruta 2004, 110)§REF§ War chariots abandoned in Gaul 200-100 BCE. §REF§(Kruta 2004, 198)§REF§ Pulled a two-wheeled chariot which replaced the Hallstatt era four-wheeled wagon. §REF§(Allen 2007, 32)§REF§" }, { "id": 81, "polity": { "id": 455, "name": "fr_la_tene_c2_d", "long_name": "La Tene C2-D", "start_year": -175, "end_year": -27 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " War chariots abandoned in Gaul 200-100 BCE. §REF§(Kruta 2004, 198)§REF§ Cavalry replaced war-chariots from 250 BCE. §REF§(Kruta 2004, 110)§REF§" }, { "id": 82, "polity": { "id": 333, "name": "fr_valois_k_1", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Valois", "start_year": 1328, "end_year": 1450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " War horses brought from Italy.§REF§(Spufford 2006, 156, 167)§REF§ Lance armed cavalry (late 12th century) §REF§(Nicolle and McBridge 1991, 4-5)§REF§ Aristocrats \"usually dismounted and fought on foot throughout the Merovingian, Carolingian, and post-Carolingian periods.\"§REF§(Boulton 1995 67-68) Jonathan D Boulton. Armor And Weapons. William W Kibler. Grover A Zinn. Lawrence Earp. John Bell Henneman Jr. 1995. Routledge Revivals: Medieval France (1995): An Encyclopedia. Routledge. Abingdon.§REF§ 12th century saddle innovations made the horseback charge with a lance possible.§REF§(Fanning 1995, 346)§REF§" }, { "id": 83, "polity": { "id": 459, "name": "fr_valois_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Valois", "start_year": 1450, "end_year": 1589 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " See reference. §REF§(Potter 2008, 60)§REF§" }, { "id": 84, "polity": { "id": 786, "name": "gb_british_emp_2", "long_name": "British Empire II", "start_year": 1850, "end_year": 1968 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Horses.§REF§(Spiers 1996, 194) Edward Spiers. The Late Victorian Army 1868-1914. David G Chandler. Ian Beckett. eds. 1996. The Oxford History of the British Army. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§ At the Battle of Omdurman of the Second Sudan War 1898 CE General Kitchener had \"2,469 horses, 896 mules, 3,524 camels, and 229 donkeys.\"§REF§(Spiers 1996, 206) Edward Spiers. The Late Victorian Army 1868-1914. David G Chandler. Ian Beckett. eds. 1996. The Oxford History of the British Army. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§" }, { "id": 85, "polity": { "id": 114, "name": "gh_ashanti_emp", "long_name": "Ashanti Empire", "start_year": 1701, "end_year": 1895 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " According to McLeod, horses were not used in the core area of the polity: 'Cavalry was of no real use in the forest where horses were killed by insect-carried diseases, but a few horses were kept at Kumase for prestige and in the northern savannah country they were of greater military use.' §REF§McLeod, M. D. (Malcolm D.) 1981. “Asante”, 127§REF§" }, { "id": 86, "polity": { "id": 67, "name": "gr_crete_archaic", "long_name": "Archaic Crete", "start_year": -710, "end_year": -500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " §REF§Everson, T. 2004. <i>Warfare in Ancient Greece: Arms and Armour from the Heroes of Homer to Alexander the Great</i>, Sutton.§REF§" }, { "id": 87, "polity": { "id": 68, "name": "gr_crete_classical", "long_name": "Classical Crete", "start_year": -500, "end_year": -323 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 88, "polity": { "id": 74, "name": "gr_crete_emirate", "long_name": "The Emirate of Crete", "start_year": 824, "end_year": 961 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": "§REF§Κόλλιας, Τ., <i>Τεχνολογία και Πόλεμος στο Βυζάντιο</i>, 2005§REF§ §REF§Mc Geer, E., <i>Sowing the Dragon</i>s Teeth: Byzantine Warfare in the Tenth Century<i>, Washington D.C., 1995.</i>§REF§" }, { "id": 89, "polity": { "id": 65, "name": "gr_crete_post_palace_2", "long_name": "Final Postpalatial Crete", "start_year": -1200, "end_year": -1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 90, "polity": { "id": 66, "name": "gr_crete_geometric", "long_name": "Geometric Crete", "start_year": -1000, "end_year": -710 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 91, "polity": { "id": 69, "name": "gr_crete_hellenistic", "long_name": "Hellenistic Crete", "start_year": -323, "end_year": -69 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": " §REF§Everson, T. 2004. <i>Warfare in Ancient Greece: Arms and Armour from the Heroes of Homer to Alexander the Great</i>, Sutton.§REF§" }, { "id": 92, "polity": { "id": 63, "name": "gr_crete_mono_palace", "long_name": "Monopalatial Crete", "start_year": -1450, "end_year": -1300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 93, "polity": { "id": 59, "name": "gr_crete_nl", "long_name": "Neolithic Crete", "start_year": -7000, "end_year": -3000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 94, "polity": { "id": 61, "name": "gr_crete_old_palace", "long_name": "Old Palace Crete", "start_year": -1900, "end_year": -1700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 95, "polity": { "id": 64, "name": "gr_crete_post_palace_1", "long_name": "Postpalatial Crete", "start_year": -1300, "end_year": -1200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 96, "polity": { "id": 60, "name": "gr_crete_pre_palace", "long_name": "Prepalatial Crete", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -1900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 97, "polity": { "id": 17, "name": "us_hawaii_1", "long_name": "Hawaii I", "start_year": 1000, "end_year": 1200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " No horses in Hawaii at this time." }, { "id": 98, "polity": { "id": 18, "name": "us_hawaii_2", "long_name": "Hawaii II", "start_year": 1200, "end_year": 1580 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " No horses in Hawaii at this time." }, { "id": 99, "polity": { "id": 19, "name": "us_hawaii_3", "long_name": "Hawaii III", "start_year": 1580, "end_year": 1778 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " No horses in Hawaii at this time." }, { "id": 100, "polity": { "id": 153, "name": "id_iban_1", "long_name": "Iban - Pre-Brooke", "start_year": 1650, "end_year": 1841 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Horse", "horse": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null } ] }