Handheld Firearm List
A viewset for viewing and editing Handheld Firearms.
GET /api/wf/handheld-firearms/?format=api&page=7
{ "count": 364, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/handheld-firearms/?format=api&page=8", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/handheld-firearms/?format=api&page=6", "results": [ { "id": 301, "polity": { "id": 131, "name": "sy_umayyad_cal", "long_name": "Umayyad Caliphate", "start_year": 661, "end_year": 750 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not in use until the 15th century. §REF§( Wood, Stephen. \"matchlock.\" In The Oxford Companion to Military History. : Oxford University Press, 2001.§REF§" }, { "id": 302, "polity": { "id": 44, "name": "th_ayutthaya", "long_name": "Ayutthaya", "start_year": 1593, "end_year": 1767 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "present", "comment": null, "description": " A Royal procession observed by a European source around 1630 included \"800 to 1,000 men armed with pikes, knives, arrows, bows and muskets\" §REF§(Quaritch Wales 1931, p. 206)§REF§." }, { "id": 303, "polity": { "id": 45, "name": "th_rattanakosin", "long_name": "Rattanakosin", "start_year": 1782, "end_year": 1873 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Inferred from the fact that handheld firearms were already in use in the early modern period: a Royal procession observed by a European source around 1630 included \"800 to 1,000 men armed with pikes, knives, arrows, bows and muskets\" §REF§(Quaritch Wales 1931, p. 206)§REF§." }, { "id": 304, "polity": { "id": 462, "name": "tj_sarasm", "long_name": "Sarazm", "start_year": -3500, "end_year": -2000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " absent before the gunpowder era" }, { "id": 305, "polity": { "id": 221, "name": "tn_fatimid_cal", "long_name": "Fatimid Caliphate", "start_year": 909, "end_year": 1171 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 306, "polity": { "id": 160, "name": "tr_konya_eba", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -2000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 307, "polity": { "id": 163, "name": "tr_konya_lba", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II", "start_year": -1500, "end_year": -1400 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet." }, { "id": 308, "polity": { "id": 161, "name": "tr_central_anatolia_mba", "long_name": "Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia", "start_year": -2000, "end_year": -1700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 309, "polity": { "id": 73, "name": "tr_byzantine_emp_1", "long_name": "Byzantine Empire I", "start_year": 632, "end_year": 866 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Late Byzantine small and made little impact on events. §REF§(Bartusis 1997, 334-336) Bartusis, M (1997) The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204-1453, University of Pennsylvania Press§REF§ The so-called “Greek fire” was a kind of flame-thrower first deployed on ships against the Arab fleet during the siege of Constantinople 674/678 CE (reportedly introduced by an architect named Kallinikos who had flead from Syria to the capital); later on, we also have reports about the usage of this weapon on land (at sieges) and in a smaller version as handheld arm.§REF§(Johannes Preiser-Kapeller 2015) Institute for Medieval Research, Division of Byzantine Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences)§REF§" }, { "id": 310, "polity": { "id": 75, "name": "tr_byzantine_emp_2", "long_name": "Byzantine Empire II", "start_year": 867, "end_year": 1072 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Late Byzantine small and made little impact on events. §REF§(Bartusis 1997, 334-336) Bartusis, M (1997) The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204-1453, University of Pennsylvania Press§REF§ \"The so-called “Greek fire” was a kind of flame-thrower first deployed on ships against the Arab fleet during the siege of Constantinople 674/678 CE (reportedly introduced by an architect named Kallinikos who had flead from Syria to the capital); later on, we also have reports about the usage of this weapon on land (at sieges) and in a smaller version as handheld arm.\"§REF§(Preiser-Kapeller 2015) Institute for Medieval Research, Division of Byzantine Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences)§REF§" }, { "id": 311, "polity": { "id": 76, "name": "tr_byzantine_emp_3", "long_name": "Byzantine Empire III", "start_year": 1073, "end_year": 1204 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Late Byzantine (not this period) small and made little impact on events.§REF§(Bartusis 1997, 334-336) Bartusis, M (1997) The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204-1453, University of Pennsylvania Press§REF§ \"The so-called “Greek fire” was a kind of flame-thrower first deployed on ships against the Arab fleet during the siege of Constantinople 674/678 CE (reportedly introduced by an architect named Kallinikos who had flead from Syria to the capital); later on, we also have reports about the usage of this weapon on land (at sieges) and in a smaller version as handheld arm.\"§REF§(Preiser-Kapeller 2015) Institute for Medieval Research, Division of Byzantine Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences)§REF§" }, { "id": 312, "polity": { "id": 170, "name": "tr_cappadocia_2", "long_name": "Late Cappadocia", "start_year": -330, "end_year": 16 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " not invented yet" }, { "id": 313, "polity": { "id": 158, "name": "tr_konya_eca", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic", "start_year": -6000, "end_year": -5500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet<br><b>Handheld weapons</b>" }, { "id": 314, "polity": { "id": 159, "name": "tr_konya_lca", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic", "start_year": -5500, "end_year": -3000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 315, "polity": { "id": 72, "name": "tr_east_roman_emp", "long_name": "East Roman Empire", "start_year": 395, "end_year": 631 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 316, "polity": { "id": 164, "name": "tr_hatti_new_k", "long_name": "Hatti - New Kingdom", "start_year": -1400, "end_year": -1180 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet." }, { "id": 317, "polity": { "id": 162, "name": "tr_hatti_old_k", "long_name": "Hatti - Old Kingdom", "start_year": -1650, "end_year": -1500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet." }, { "id": 318, "polity": { "id": 168, "name": "tr_lydia_k", "long_name": "Kingdom of Lydia", "start_year": -670, "end_year": -546 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet." }, { "id": 319, "polity": { "id": 169, "name": "tr_lysimachus_k", "long_name": "Lysimachus Kingdom", "start_year": -323, "end_year": -281 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 320, "polity": { "id": 156, "name": "tr_konya_mnl", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic", "start_year": -7000, "end_year": -6600 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 321, "polity": { "id": 155, "name": "tr_konya_enl", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Early Neolithic", "start_year": -9600, "end_year": -7000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 322, "polity": { "id": 157, "name": "tr_konya_lnl", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Late Neolithic", "start_year": -6600, "end_year": -6000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 323, "polity": { "id": 165, "name": "tr_neo_hittite_k", "long_name": "Neo-Hittite Kingdoms", "start_year": -1180, "end_year": -900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 324, "polity": { "id": 173, "name": "tr_ottoman_emirate", "long_name": "Ottoman Emirate", "start_year": 1299, "end_year": 1402 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Hand-guns first used by Janissaries against the Hungarians 1440-1443 CE. §REF§(Nicolle 1983, 10)§REF§" }, { "id": 325, "polity": { "id": 174, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_1", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire I", "start_year": 1402, "end_year": 1517 }, "year_from": 1402, "year_to": 1440, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Janissaries. From yeni ceri \"new troops\"; possibly founded in 1326 CE. §REF§(Nicolle 1983, 9)§REF§ Hand-guns first used by Janissaries against the Hungarians 1440-1443 CE. §REF§(Nicolle 1983, 10)§REF§ Only by end of 16th Century did the majority of Janissaries use gunpowder weapons, tufek matchlocks.§REF§(Nicolle 1983, 10)§REF§" }, { "id": 326, "polity": { "id": 174, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_1", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire I", "start_year": 1402, "end_year": 1517 }, "year_from": 1440, "year_to": 1517, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Janissaries. From yeni ceri \"new troops\"; possibly founded in 1326 CE. §REF§(Nicolle 1983, 9)§REF§ Hand-guns first used by Janissaries against the Hungarians 1440-1443 CE. §REF§(Nicolle 1983, 10)§REF§ Only by end of 16th Century did the majority of Janissaries use gunpowder weapons, tufek matchlocks.§REF§(Nicolle 1983, 10)§REF§" }, { "id": 327, "polity": { "id": 175, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_2", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire II", "start_year": 1517, "end_year": 1683 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Janissaries.§REF§(Nicolle 1983, 7)§REF§" }, { "id": 328, "polity": { "id": 176, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_3", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire III", "start_year": 1683, "end_year": 1839 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Janissaries.§REF§(Nicolle 1983, 7)§REF§ Bosnians engaged in guerrilla warfare used snaphuance musket and pistols.§REF§(Nicolle 1983, 38)§REF§ Egyptian Mamluk Sipahi carried spear, sabre and a pistol.§REF§(Nicolle 1983, 38)§REF§" }, { "id": 329, "polity": { "id": 166, "name": "tr_phrygian_k", "long_name": "Phrygian Kingdom", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -695 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "Not invented yet" }, { "id": 330, "polity": { "id": 71, "name": "tr_roman_dominate", "long_name": "Roman Empire - Dominate", "start_year": 285, "end_year": 394 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 331, "polity": { "id": 171, "name": "tr_rum_sultanate", "long_name": "Rum Sultanate", "start_year": 1077, "end_year": 1307 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 332, "polity": { "id": 167, "name": "tr_tabal_k", "long_name": "Tabal Kingdoms", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -730 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 333, "polity": { "id": 32, "name": "us_cahokia_1", "long_name": "Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling", "start_year": 1050, "end_year": 1199 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 334, "polity": { "id": 33, "name": "us_cahokia_2", "long_name": "Cahokia - Moorehead", "start_year": 1200, "end_year": 1275 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 335, "polity": { "id": 30, "name": "us_early_illinois_confederation", "long_name": "Early Illinois Confederation", "start_year": 1640, "end_year": 1717 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Muskets acquired from Iroquois and Ottawa middlemen, who themselves had acquired the guns from French traders: it is worth noting that the Illinois \"possessed an insufficient supply of ammunition and so had to rely mainly on bows and arrows and clubs for actual combat\" §REF§D.E. Worcester and T.L. Schilz, The Spread of Firearms among the Indians on the Anglo-French Frontiers (1984), <i>American Indian Quarterly</i> 8(2): 103-115§REF§." }, { "id": 336, "polity": { "id": 101, "name": "us_haudenosaunee_1", "long_name": "Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early", "start_year": 1566, "end_year": 1713 }, "year_from": 1566, "year_to": 1640, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " The Huron confederacy obtained guns before the Iroquois did: \"For a period of time the new weapons enabled the Huron confederacy to gain the upper hand against the Iroquois, who did not gain access to European goods as quickly as their foes. By about 1615 the long traditions of interethnic conflict between the two alliances had become inflamed, and each bloc formally joined with a member of another traditional rivalry-the French or the English. Initially the Huron-French alliance held the upper hand, in no small part because the French trading system was in place several years before those of the Dutch and English. The indigenous coalitions became more evenly matched after 1620, however, as the Dutch and English trading system expanded. These Europeans began to make guns available for trade, something the French had preferred not to do. The Huron found that the technological advantage provided by iron axes was emphatically surpassed by that of the new firearms.\" §REF§<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.britannica.com/topic/Native-American/Native-American-history#ref968222\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.britannica.com/topic/Native-American/Native-American-history#ref968222</a>§REF§ The Mohawk obtained guns in the first half of the 17th century: \"In the early 1640s the Mohawk obtained guns, first from the English and then in large numbers from the Dutch.\" §REF§Fenton & Tooker 1978, 468§REF§" }, { "id": 337, "polity": { "id": 101, "name": "us_haudenosaunee_1", "long_name": "Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early", "start_year": 1566, "end_year": 1713 }, "year_from": 1641, "year_to": 1713, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "present", "comment": null, "description": " The Huron confederacy obtained guns before the Iroquois did: \"For a period of time the new weapons enabled the Huron confederacy to gain the upper hand against the Iroquois, who did not gain access to European goods as quickly as their foes. By about 1615 the long traditions of interethnic conflict between the two alliances had become inflamed, and each bloc formally joined with a member of another traditional rivalry-the French or the English. Initially the Huron-French alliance held the upper hand, in no small part because the French trading system was in place several years before those of the Dutch and English. The indigenous coalitions became more evenly matched after 1620, however, as the Dutch and English trading system expanded. These Europeans began to make guns available for trade, something the French had preferred not to do. The Huron found that the technological advantage provided by iron axes was emphatically surpassed by that of the new firearms.\" §REF§<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.britannica.com/topic/Native-American/Native-American-history#ref968222\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.britannica.com/topic/Native-American/Native-American-history#ref968222</a>§REF§ The Mohawk obtained guns in the first half of the 17th century: \"In the early 1640s the Mohawk obtained guns, first from the English and then in large numbers from the Dutch.\" §REF§Fenton & Tooker 1978, 468§REF§" }, { "id": 338, "polity": { "id": 102, "name": "us_haudenosaunee_2", "long_name": "Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late", "start_year": 1714, "end_year": 1848 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "present", "comment": null, "description": " The Mohawk obtained guns in the first half of the 17th century: \"In the early 1640s the Mohawk obtained guns, first from the English and then in large numbers from the Dutch.\" §REF§Fenton & Tooker 1978, 468§REF§" }, { "id": 339, "polity": { "id": 20, "name": "us_kamehameha_k", "long_name": "Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period", "start_year": 1778, "end_year": 1819 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "present", "comment": null, "description": " [E.g., muskets, pistols, and rifles] Various chiefs managed to purchase guns and ammunition from visiting Westerners§REF§Kuykendall, Ralph S. 1968[1938]. The Hawaiian Kingdom, Volume 1: 1778-1854, Foundation and Transformation. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 23.§REF§. European arms were in used by the army of Kamehameha§REF§Kirch, P. V. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley: University of California Press. Pg. 119.§REF§, who accumulated a large number of muskets (§REF§Kuykendall, Ralph S. 1968[1938]. The Hawaiian Kingdom, Volume 1: 1778-1854, Foundation and Transformation. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 48.§REF§" }, { "id": 340, "polity": { "id": 22, "name": "us_woodland_1", "long_name": "Cahokia - Early Woodland", "start_year": -600, "end_year": -150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 341, "polity": { "id": 34, "name": "us_emergent_mississippian_2", "long_name": "Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1049 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 342, "polity": { "id": 25, "name": "us_woodland_4", "long_name": "Cahokia - Late Woodland II", "start_year": 450, "end_year": 600 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 343, "polity": { "id": 23, "name": "us_woodland_2", "long_name": "Cahokia - Middle Woodland", "start_year": -150, "end_year": 300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 344, "polity": { "id": 26, "name": "us_woodland_5", "long_name": "Cahokia - Late Woodland III", "start_year": 600, "end_year": 750 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 345, "polity": { "id": 24, "name": "us_woodland_3", "long_name": "Cahokia - Late Woodland I", "start_year": 300, "end_year": 450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 346, "polity": { "id": 28, "name": "us_cahokia_3", "long_name": "Cahokia - Sand Prairie", "start_year": 1275, "end_year": 1400 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 347, "polity": { "id": 27, "name": "us_emergent_mississippian_1", "long_name": "Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I", "start_year": 750, "end_year": 900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 348, "polity": { "id": 29, "name": "us_oneota", "long_name": "Oneota", "start_year": 1400, "end_year": 1650 }, "year_from": 1400, "year_to": 1500, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " The Oneota \"probably acquired guns through trade with Native people already in contact with Europeans\" §REF§Illinois State Museum, Late Prehistoric, Technology: Weapons (2000), <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.museum.state.il.us/muslink/nat_amer/pre/htmls/lp_weapons.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.museum.state.il.us/muslink/nat_amer/pre/htmls/lp_weapons.html</a>§REF§." }, { "id": 349, "polity": { "id": 29, "name": "us_oneota", "long_name": "Oneota", "start_year": 1400, "end_year": 1650 }, "year_from": 1500, "year_to": 1640, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "present", "comment": null, "description": " The Oneota \"probably acquired guns through trade with Native people already in contact with Europeans\" §REF§Illinois State Museum, Late Prehistoric, Technology: Weapons (2000), <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.museum.state.il.us/muslink/nat_amer/pre/htmls/lp_weapons.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.museum.state.il.us/muslink/nat_amer/pre/htmls/lp_weapons.html</a>§REF§." }, { "id": 350, "polity": { "id": 296, "name": "uz_chagatai_khanate", "long_name": "Chagatai Khanate", "start_year": 1227, "end_year": 1402 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Handheld_firearm", "handheld_firearm": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null } ] }